APUSH Review Questions for Part 2
(map on pg. 337B) During the first half of the nineteenth century, what motivated Americans to continue the trend illustrated in the map above?
Access to valuable resources that would fuel American development
(Know Nothing Cartoon Cartoon 1850; Irish Whiskey and German Lager Bier; pg. 337D) Which of the following best explains why conflicts like the one revealed by the cartoonist's perspective were more common in the mid-nineteenth century?
The surge of international migrants and their set- tlement in major cities increased the hostility of nativists.
"Col. MASON: Slavery... brings judgment of heaven on a country. Mr. ELSWORTH: Let us not intermeddle. As population increases poor laborers will be so plenty as to render slaves useless. Slavery in time will not be a speck in our Country... abolition has already taken place in Massachusetts. General PINKNEY: S. Carolina & Georgia cannot do without slaves. The more slaves, the more produce to employ the carrying trade; the more consumption also, and the more of this, the more of revenue for the common treasury. He... should consider a rejection of the clause as an exclusion of S. Carola. from the Union." -James Madison, Notes from the Constitutional Convention, August 22, 1787 Based on the context of his remarks, Col. Mason would most likely receive support for his position on this issue in
the North
"I. Resolved, that the several States composing the United States of America.. delegated to the national government certain definite powers, reserving each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self government.... II. .... therefore the act of Congress, passed on the 14th day of July, 1798.... is altogether void... and that the power to create, define, and punish such other crimes is reserved solely and exclusively to the respective States... VIII. .... that every State has a natural right in cases not within the compact, to nullify of their own authority all assumptions of power by others within their limits." -Thomas Jefferson, Kentucky Resolutions, 1798 The ideas expressed in the passage are best understood as part of the debate in American politics over
the relative power of the national government
"The political cost of the embargo of 1807... to the Republican party in power was ruinous... as President Jefferson bade foreign commerce to cease... War could have worked no more violent revolution... The relapse of Massachusetts to Federalism and the overthrow of Senator Adams in the Spring of 1808 were the first signs of the political price which President Jefferson must pay for his passion of peace... No one could fail to see that if nine months of embargo had so shattered Jefferson's power, another such year would shake the Union itself." -Henry James, History of the United States of America: The Second Administration of Thomas Jefferson, 1891 The conflict described in the passage best reflects the ongoing debates about
the rightful scope of federal authority.
(Know Nothing Cartoon Cartoon 1850; Irish Whiskey and German Lager Bier; pg. 337D) Which of the following conflicts of the 1840s is most directly revealed by the cartoon above?
Nativists sought to limit the political power of immigrants, whom they saw as a debasing influence on society.
"Between 1815 an 1850 Americans constructed elaborate networks of roads, canals, and early railroad lines; opened up wide areas of newly acquired land for settlement and trade; and began to industrialize manufacturing. What had been in Thomas Jefferson's day a backward rural nation on the fringes of world economic development bad by midcentury established many of the preconditions necessary to its becoming a major economic power. In the 1950s George Rogers Taylor wrote what remains the authoritative account of these changes and dubbed them, collectively, America's 'transportation revolution.' .... Behind the technological and institutional innovations Taylor discussed was a deeper revolution in human relations, linked to the emergence of new markets in land, labor, and produce." -Sean Wilentz, historian, Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848, 1990 Which of the following most directly supports the author's contention that the economic changes of the era in question led to a "deeper revolution in human relations"?
The widening wealth gap
"Col. MASON: Slavery... brings judgment of heaven on a country. Mr. ELSWORTH: Let us not intermeddle. As population increases poor laborers will be so plenty as to render slaves useless. Slavery in time will not be a speck in our Country... abolition has already taken place in Massachusetts. General PINKNEY: S. Carolina & Georgia cannot do without slaves. The more slaves, the more produce to employ the carrying trade; the more consumption also, and the more of this, the more of revenue for the common treasury. He... should consider a rejection of the clause as an exclusion of S. Carola. from the Union." -James Madison, Notes from the Constitutional Convention, August 22, 1787 Which of the following best describes the impact of the decisions made by the Constitutional Convention regarding slavery following the debate excerpted to the left?
Conflict over the issue was postponed via compromise, rather than resolved.
"Between 1815 an 1850 Americans constructed elaborate networks of roads, canals, and early railroad lines; opened up wide areas of newly acquired land for settlement and trade; and began to industrialize manufacturing. What had been in Thomas Jefferson's day a backward rural nation on the fringes of world economic development bad by midcentury established many of the preconditions necessary to its becoming a major economic power. In the 1950s George Rogers Taylor wrote what remains the authoritative account of these changes and dubbed them, collectively, America's 'transportation revolution.' .... Behind the technological and institutional innovations Taylor discussed was a deeper revolution in human relations, linked to the emergence of new markets in land, labor, and produce." -Sean Wilentz, historian, Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848, 1990 Which of the following most directly contributed to the revolution described in the passage above?
Governmental efforts to support the growth of a unified, national economy
(map on pg. 337B) Which of the following developments most directly encouraged the trend revealed in the map above during the United States' first half-century?
Improvements in transportation technology
"The political cost of the embargo of 1807... to the Republican party in power was ruinous... as President Jefferson bade foreign commerce to cease... War could have worked no more violent revolution... The relapse of Massachusetts to Federalism and the overthrow of Senator Adams in the Spring of 1808 were the first signs of the political price which President Jefferson must pay for his passion of peace... No one could fail to see that if nine months of embargo had so shattered Jefferson's power, another such year would shake the Union itself." -Henry James, History of the United States of America: The Second Administration of Thomas Jefferson, 1891 Henry James's assertion that the embargo would "shake the Union itself" is most clearly supported by which of the following processes occurring in the United States at the time?
Increased sectionalism in the nation's economic and political foundations
(map on pg. 337B) Which of the following groups would have advocated most strongly for government support of the trend revealed by the map?
Middle-class farmers in the Old Northwest
"Between 1815 an 1850 Americans constructed elaborate networks of roads, canals, and early railroad lines; opened up wide areas of newly acquired land for settlement and trade; and began to industrialize manufacturing. What had been in Thomas Jefferson's day a backward rural nation on the fringes of world economic development bad by midcentury established many of the preconditions necessary to its becoming a major economic power. In the 1950s George Rogers Taylor wrote what remains the authoritative account of these changes and dubbed them, collectively, America's 'transportation revolution.' .... Behind the technological and institutional innovations Taylor discussed was a deeper revolution in human relations, linked to the emergence of new markets in land, labor, and produce." -Sean Wilentz, historian, Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848, 1990 Which of the following demographic changes was most directly caused by the developments described by the passage?
Rapid population growth along the frontier
"The political cost of the embargo of 1807... to the Republican party in power was ruinous... as President Jefferson bade foreign commerce to cease... War could have worked no more violent revolution... The relapse of Massachusetts to Federalism and the overthrow of Senator Adams in the Spring of 1808 were the first signs of the political price which President Jefferson must pay for his passion of peace... No one could fail to see that if nine months of embargo had so shattered Jefferson's power, another such year would shake the Union itself." -Henry James, History of the United States of America: The Second Administration of Thomas Jefferson, 1891 Which of the following realities of the early nineteenth century best explains why the embargo created such a negative response in the United States?
The acceleration of the trend toward national unity
"I. Resolved, that the several States composing the United States of America.. delegated to the national government certain definite powers, reserving each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self government.... II. .... therefore the act of Congress, passed on the 14th day of July, 1798.... is altogether void... and that the power to create, define, and punish such other crimes is reserved solely and exclusively to the respective States... VIII. .... that every State has a natural right in cases not within the compact, to nullify of their own authority all assumptions of power by others within their limits." -Thomas Jefferson, Kentucky Resolutions, 1798 The conflict revealed in the passage led most directly to which of the following?
The creation of the first political parties
(Know Nothing Cartoon Cartoon 1850; Irish Whiskey and German Lager Bier; pg. 337D) Which of the following details would most greatly have magnified the sentiments depicted in the cartoon?
The tendency among immigrants to live in concentrated ethnic communities
"Between 1815 an 1850 Americans constructed elaborate networks of roads, canals, and early railroad lines; opened up wide areas of newly acquired land for settlement and trade; and began to industrialize manufacturing. What had been in Thomas Jefferson's day a backward rural nation on the fringes of world economic development bad by midcentury established many of the preconditions necessary to its becoming a major economic power. In the 1950s George Rogers Taylor wrote what remains the authoritative account of these changes and dubbed them, collectively, America's 'transportation revolution.' .... Behind the technological and institutional innovations Taylor discussed was a deeper revolution in human relations, linked to the emergence of new markets in land, labor, and produce." -Sean Wilentz, historian, Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848, 1990 Which of the following regions of the United States would have been least affected by the economic transformation described in the passage?
the South
(map on pg. 337B) The trend shown in this map contributed most significantly to
the debate over the status of slavery in newly acquired territories.
"Col. MASON: Slavery... brings judgment of heaven on a country. Mr. ELSWORTH: Let us not intermeddle. As population increases poor laborers will be so plenty as to render slaves useless. Slavery in time will not be a speck in our Country... abolition has already taken place in Massachusetts. General PINKNEY: S. Carolina & Georgia cannot do without slaves. The more slaves, the more produce to employ the carrying trade; the more consumption also, and the more of this, the more of revenue for the common treasury. He... should consider a rejection of the clause as an exclusion of S. Carola. from the Union." -James Madison, Notes from the Constitutional Convention, August 22, 1787 Strong support in the South for the arguments made by Pinkney in this passage would most immediately lead to
the growth of a distinctive, regional identity based partly on ideas about slavery.
"I. Resolved, that the several States composing the United States of America.. delegated to the national government certain definite powers, reserving each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self government.... II. .... therefore the act of Congress, passed on the 14th day of July, 1798.... is altogether void... and that the power to create, define, and punish such other crimes is reserved solely and exclusively to the respective States... VIII. .... that every State has a natural right in cases not within the compact, to nullify of their own authority all assumptions of power by others within their limits." -Thomas Jefferson, Kentucky Resolutions, 1798 The arguments made by Jefferson in this passage would be most directly reflected in the nineteenth-century debates over
the scope of federal economic policies.