APUSH TP 7
Japanese-Americans living on the West Coast of the United States in early 1942 were sent to internment camps on the alleged grounds that they A were a potential threat to the security of the United States B refused to take a loyalty oath C wished to return to Japan in great numbers D were instrumental in arranging the attack on Pearl Harbor E worked with German and Italian groups to weaken American resolve
A
Which of the following best characterizes the conservationist approach to the environment that emerged in the Progressive Era? A Designation of national parks and forests for recreation and managed use B Use of federal money to clean up polluted industrial sites C Passage of legislation banning the use of pesticides in agriculture D Passage of legislation to ensure clean air and waterways E Preservation of both land and wildlife in pristine condition
A
Many anti-imperialists opposed the annexation of the Philippines in 1898 because they believed that A the Philippines should be returned to Spain B United States colonialism in the Philippines was incompatible with the American belief in self-determination C Philippine agriculture would be competing with United States agriculture D the Philippine government was planning an alliance with Mexico E the United States would be drawn into a war with Japan over Pacific territories
B
Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance? A The rehabilitation of a decaying urban area B An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity C The beginning of the NAACP D The most famous art show of the early twentieth century E The establishment of the back-to-Africa movement
B
In 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover disagreed most strongly about the desirability of A a balanced federal budget B farm price supports C federal aid to corporations D a program of public works E federal relief to individuals
E
The Open Door policy of the early twentieth century called for A the continuation of the Monroe Doctrine in the Western Hemisphere B the opening of United States markets to foreign goods C the elimination of passports for international travel D unlimited European immigration into the United States E open access to China for American investment and commercial interests
E
The United States home front during the First World War was marked by an increase in all of the following EXCEPT A tax rates on individuals and estates B government regulation of fuel, food, and transportation C employment opportunities for African Americans and Mexican Americans D participation of women in factory work, government service, and volunteer work E support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court
E
All of the following concerns were addressed during the "Hundred Days" of the New Deal EXCEPT A banking regulation B unemployment relief C agricultural adjustment D homeowner mortgage support E court restructuring
E
Which of the following was Harry Truman's stated reason for authorizing the use of the atomic bomb against Japan? A Using the atomic bomb would prevent the need for a costly invasion of Japan. B Dropping the atomic bomb would demonstrate United States military capability to the Soviets. C An earlier United States land assault against Japan had been unsuccessful. D The development of the atomic bomb had been expensive. E The United States should retaliate in response to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.
A
Which of the following is true of American women during the Second World War? A They initiated a visible and highly vocal feminist movement. B They married younger and had more children than women did before or after the war. C Those who took industrial jobs learned new skills and earned better pay than in jobs previously open to them. D They organized labor unions and led strikes demanding better working conditions. E Aside from participating in rationing programs, women contributed little to the war effort.
C
The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920's? A A sharp decrease in railroad passenger traffic B The federal government's abandonment of research on air travel C The development of a large international market for American automobiles D Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families E Construction of the federal interstate highway system
D
The cartoon above (evolution) was intended primarily as a satirical comment on A Social Darwinism B the Ku Klux Klan C the election of 1896 D the Scopes trial E
D
The flappers of the 1920's challenged traditional American attitudes about women by supporting A a federal birth control and abortion rights protection law B gender equality in salaries C an equal rights amendement D greater freedom in manner of dress and moral behavior E a federal law to establish prenatal clinics in rural areas
D
Which of the following best describes the experience of Americans of Japanese descent during the Second World War? A They were forced to take loyalty oaths along with Americans of Italian and German descent. B They were expelled from Hawaii and California. C The Supreme Court intervened to protect them from wartime hysteria. D They were forced from their homes and businesses on the West Coast into detention camps. E The Department of the Army repatriated them forcibly to Japan.
D
Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct? A It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. B It provided land for immigrants who wanted to become farmers. C It was a state-sponsored agency established to restore eroded soil. D It built dams that made rural electrification possible. E It built interstate highways in the upper South.
D
Which of the following was most responsible for the change shown between 1938 and 1942 on the chart above? A The illness and death of unemployed workers B A redefinition of unemployment by the United States Census Bureau C Legislation of the second New Deal D Industrial mobilization related to the Second World War E A global economic boom following the Great Depression
D
The American home front in the Second World War is best described as A politically divided over the wisdom of the American war effort B unaffected by ethnic and racial tensions C economically invigorated by military spending D rededicated to the reform efforts of the New Deal E demoralized by food shortages
C
The United States annexed which of the following after defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War? A Texas B Cuba C The Philippines D The Dominican Republic E California
C
The purpose of the Lend-Lease Act was to A create military bases outside the borders of the United States B lend money to impoverished farmers C provide military supplies to the Allies D provide subsidies to railroads and businesses E exchange scientific information among nations
C
The trend depicted in the graph most directly contributed to which of the following developments after 1920 ? A A decline in internal migration B Federal efforts to return Mexican immigrants to their homeland C Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe D Total exclusion of immigration from China
C
Which of the following occurred on the home front during the First World War? A The United States public expressed widespread anti-German sentiment. B Military commanders desegregated the armed forces. C The United States government placed Japanese Americans in relocation camps. D Women joined the military in large numbers. E The federal government issued rationing coupons for food and gasoline.
A
"I believe, we shall find arguments in favor of the retention of the Philippines as possessions of great value and a source of great profit to the people of the United States which cannot be overthrown. First, as to the islands themselves. They are over a hundred thousand square miles in extent, and are of the greatest richness and fertility. From these islands . . . there is no tropical product which cannot be raised in abundance. . . . "A much more important point is to be found in the markets which they furnish. The total value of exports and imports for 1896 amounted in round numbers to $29,000,000. . . . There can be no doubt that the islands in our peaceful possession would take from us a very large proportion of their imports. . . . With the development of the islands and the increase of commerce and of business activity the consumption of foreign imports would rapidly advance, and of this increase we should reap the chief benefit. . . . ". . . Manila, with its magnificent bay, is the prize and the pearl of the East. In our hands it will become one of the greatest distributing points, one of the richest emporiums of the world's commerce. Rich in itself, with all its fertile islands behind it, it will . . . enable American enterprise and intelligence to take a master share in all the trade of the Orient! We have been told that arguments like these are sordid. Sordid indeed! . . . A policy which proposes to open wider markets to the people of the United States . . . seems to me a great and noble policy." Henry Cabot Lodge, senator, speech to the United States Senate, 1900 Which of the following best explains Lodge's point of view on markets in the excerpt? A Many Americans believed that acquiring island territories would encourage economic development. B Republican business leaders lobbied for imperial expansion to provide locations for new factories. C Political leaders claimed that the lives of Native Americans could be improved if they moved to new overseas colonies. D Democrats argued that the United States should focus on domestic economic development over international trade.
A
During the 1920s, both the Sacco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected A public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants B increased racism resulting from the migration of Black southerners to urban centers in the North C growing lawlessness resulting from the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) D the decreased influence of fundamentalist religious groups E widespread opposition to Congress' decision to join the League of Nations
A
Governmental policies enacted during the New Deal most strongly demonstrate a continuity with which of the following earlier developments? A Progressive reformers demanded stricter regulation of the economy. B Populists attempted to get the United States to adopt the silver standard for currency. C Imperialists claimed that the United States needed to gain colonies for resources. D Nativists advocated restrictions on the number of immigrants.
A
The Rosie the Riveter campaign during the Second World War encouraged women to A enter the labor force B vote in union elections C enlist in the armed forces D join machinists' unions E sew military uniforms
A
Which of the following best characterizes the writings of American authors F. Scott Fitzgerald, e. e. cummings, and Sinclair Lewis? A Disillusionment with modern American society B Glorification of modern American capitalism C Celebration of Black culture D Glamorization of war E Reaffirmation of traditional American Values
A
Which of the following generalizations can be supported by the information provided in the map above? A Frontier life tended to promote the acceptance of greater political equality for women. B Fewer women lived in the southeastern states than in other parts of the country; therefore, suffrage was less of an issue. C None of the states of the Confederacy granted votes to women before 1920. D The Seneca Falls Movement resulted in gains in the area of political and legal rights for women. E States that made free public education a priority led the way in extending the vote to women.
A
Which of the following is true of the 1935 Social Security Act? A It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners. B It provided health insurance for anyone who needed it. C It created benefits for the needy by using taxes on corporate profits. D It made the United States the first industrialized country to provide a social welfare system. E It was ended during the first hundred days of the New Deal.
A
Which of the following aroused the greatest controversy in the United States at the end of the Spanish-American War? A Payment of a $20 million indemnity to Spain B Humanitarian efforts on behalf of concentration camp victims C Acquisition of the Philippine Islands D Liberation of Cuba from Spanish control E Increases in the size of the army and navy
C
"A few years ago, in the late 1920's, Alain Leroy Locke, a professor at Howard University . . . came to Harlem to gather material for the now famous Harlem Number of the Survey Graphic [magazine] and was hailed as the discoverer of artistic Harlem. "The Whites who read that issue of the Survey Graphic became aware that in Harlem, the largest Negro city in the world, there existed a group interested in the fine arts, creative literature, and classical music. So, well-meaning, vapid [dull] Whites from downtown New York came by bus, subway, or in limousines, to see for themselves these Negroes who wrote poetry and fiction and painted pictures. "Of course, said these pilgrims, it couldn't approach the creative results of Whites, but as a novelty, well, it didn't need standards. The very fact that these Blacks had the temerity to produce so-called Art, and not its quality, made the whole fantastic movement so alluring. . . . "News that Harlem had become a paradise spread rapidly and from villages and towns all over America . . . there began a [Black] migration of quaint [eccentric] characters, each with a message, who descended upon Harlem, sought out the cafes, lifted teacups with a jutting little finger, and dreamed of sponsors." Levi C. Hubert, African American journalist, essay reflecting on life in Harlem in the 1920s, written in 1938 Which of the following contributed to Hubert's criticism in the excerpt of White Americans who visited Harlem in the 1920s? A The inability of African American artists to influence popular culture B Ongoing public debates over how to improve race relations C Opposition to recruiting African American soldiers for the United States Army D Racial restrictions on the freedom of speech imposed during the First World War
B
"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power." The foreign policy statement above came to be known as A dollar diplomacy B the Roosevelt Corollary C the Truman Doctrine D the Good Neighbor policy E the Alliance for Progress
B
"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. . . . The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right." Majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States, 1919 The restrictions imposed by the Schenck decision most directly contradicted which of the following earlier developments in the United States? A Arguments for self-government asserted in the Declaration of Independence B Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791 C Assertion of federal power over states' rights in the 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland decision D Expansion of voting rights during President Andrew Jackson's administration
B
American writers of the 1920's have often been called the "lost generation" because they A found it difficult to get their work published B were disillusioned with the course of American life C failed to achieve fame in their lifetimes D were politically radical in a conservative era E preferred to write for a European rather than an American audience
B
An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was A excessive government control of business and industry B overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors C the budget deficit incurred after the First World War D withdrawal of foreign investments from the United States E the implementation of free-trade policies after the First World War
B
Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT A imposition of an income tax B imposition of poll taxes C extension of suffrage to women D prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages E procedures for electing United States senators
B
In the period 1890-1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans EXCEPT: A Voting rights previously gained were denied through changes in state laws and constitutions. B The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) endorsed the Back-to-Africa movement. C African American leaders disagreed on the principal strategy for attaining equal rights. D Numerous African Americans were lynched, and mob attacks on African American individuals occurred in both the North and the South. E African Americans from the rural South migrated to both southern and northern cities.
B
One means by which President Hoover attempted to fight the Great Depression was A the establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority B the establishment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation C a lowering of barriers for free trade D the early payments of bonuses to veterans E direct government aid to the needy
B
The Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. United States upheld the constitutionality of A flag burning as a form of free speech B the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity C prohibiting Japanese workers from immigrating to the United States D private prayer in public schools E excluding Japanese American children from California public schools
B
The purpose of the Liberty Loan Campaign illustrated in the drawing above was to A encourage young men to enlist in the army B finance American involvement in the First World War C support the establishment of Boy Scout troops throughout the nation D aid in the implementation of New Deal programs E support funding for Franklin Roosevelt's Lend-Lease program
B
When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for A immediate American aid to the Allied powers B acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas C American trade with Europe on a cash-and-carry basis only D a strict embargo on trade with all warring nations E strict prohibition of American travel on the ships of belligerents
B
Which of the following best explains United States foreign policy between the First World War and the Second World War? A The United States enacted an imperialist policy in order to expand the territories it gained during the Spanish-American War. B The United States followed an isolationist policy in order to avoid becoming involved in another conflict abroad. C The United States established an expansionist policy in order to revive the concept of Manifest Destiny. D The United States created a cooperative policy that attempted to resolve disputes through international organizations.
B
Which of the following messages did the United States government most likely intend to impart in the Second World War poster pictured above? A Promotion of union membership for workers in war industries B Encouragement of greater acceptance of African American workers in wartime industrial jobs C Celebration of the United States policy of racial integration in the armed forces D Response to criticism that corporate profiteering undermined United States war efforts E Counterpoint to the Rosie the Riveter image by showing that men, as well as women, worked in war industries
B
Which of the following best characterizes the muckrakers of the early twentieth century? A They were primarily concerned with racial issues. B They were mostly recent immigrants to the United States. C They were leading critics of urban boss politics. D Their influence on public opinion was greatest after the First World War. E They wrote primarily for an academic audience.
C
Which of the following correctly describes the Committee on Public Information? A It was the first organization to oppose legalizing abortion. B It was a business lobby against Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. C It was established to mobilize domestic support for the war effort during the First World War. D It was the effort led by Samuel Adams to rally colonists against British taxes. E It was an antislavery group that formed after the Compromise of 1850.
C
"Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. . . . The sublime rocks of its walls seem to glow with life, whether leaning back in repose or standing erect in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, their brows in the sky, their feet set in the groves and gay flowery meadows, while birds, bees, and butterflies help the river and waterfalls to stir all the air into music. . . . "This most precious and sublime feature of the Yosemite National Park, one of the greatest of all our natural resources for the uplifting joy and peace and health of the people, is in danger of being dammed and made into a reservoir to help supply San Francisco with water and light, thus flooding it from wall to wall and burying its gardens and groves one or two hundred feet deep. This grossly destructive commercial scheme has long been planned and urged . . . because of the comparative cheapness of the dam. . . . "That anyone would try to destroy [Hetch Hetchy Valley] seems incredible; but sad experience shows that there are people good enough and bad enough for anything. The proponents of the dam scheme bring forward a lot of bad arguments to prove that the only righteous thing to do with the people's parks is to destroy them bit by bit as they are able." John Muir, The Yosemite, published in 1912 Which of the following arguments could best be supported by the purpose of the excerpt? A Urbanization led to the transformation of the natural landscape in every part of the country. B Industrialization resulted in the use of fewer raw materials because of efficient production. C Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources. D Wartime mobilization contributed to the use of national parks for military purposes.
C
"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. "The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. "The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. "The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world. "The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world." President Franklin D. Roosevelt, State of the Union address, January 1941 Roosevelt's speech was most likely intended to increase public support for A extending New Deal programs to guarantee unemployment benefits B integrating the United States armed forces C aiding the Allies in Europe during the Second World War D enhancing rights protected by the United States Constitution
C
"The remedy for... inefficiency lies in systematic management.... The fundamental principles of scientific management are applicable to all kinds of human activities, from our simplest individual acts to the work of our great corporations.... At the works of Bethlehem Steel, for example,... thousands of stop-watch observations were made to study just how quickly a laborer... can push his shovel into the pile of materials and then draw it out properly loaded.... With data of this sort before him, . . . the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them the exact methods which should be employed to use their strength to the very best advantage." Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 Which of the following groups of people would have been most likely to oppose Taylor's management ideas? A Tenant farmers B Owners of large businesses C Factory workers D White-collar professionals
C
A key goal of the Progressive movement was to A replace capitalism with socialism B transform the United States into an agrarian republic C use government power to regulate industrial production and labor conditions D eliminate class differences in the United States E bring about racial integration in public accommodations
C
During the Great Depression, "Hoovervilles" were A government relocation camps for indigent workers B model communities established by the Hoover administration C shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people D soup kitchens financed under New Deal legislation E work projects established by the Hoover administration to revitalize the economy
C
In the 1930s the Great Depression resulted in A a dramatic increase in emigration to Canada B a major migration from California to the Central Plains C an increase in the number of transient people searching for work D a dramatic increase in the number of foreign immigrants E a significant increase in the birth rate
C
Margaret Sanger is best known for her A contribution to the radical suffragist movement B endorsement of coeducation C advocacy for birth control D presidency of the Women's Christian Temperance Union E organization of the Women's Trade Union League
C
The 1920s photograph above illustrates a production process that led to A government ownership of the automobile industry B the promotion of individual craftsmanship and pride among workers and artisans C lower prices and greater availability for mass-produced consumer goods D the establishment of training and educational requirements for workers E a sharp drop in labor union membership due to high employee satisfaction
C
African American migration to the urban North during the First World War was due primarily to A racially integrated residential neighborhoods in Northern cities B increased educational opportunities resulting from affirmative-action programs C recruitment efforts by labor unions D expanded job opportunities in Northern factories E encouragement by White Protestant churches in the North
D
Conservative Republican opponents of the Treaty of Versailles argued that the League of Nations would A isolate the United States from postwar world affairs B prevent the United States from seeking reparations from Germany C violate President Wilson's own Fourteen Points D limit United States sovereignty E give England and France a greater role than the United States in maintaining world peace
D
"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona." The message above had which of the following effects? A It helped the Hearst newspapers to garner public support for the war against Spain. B It led to accusations against alleged communists in the State Department. C It resulted in the Palmer raids of 1919. D It was used to justify a declaration of war against Mexico. E It pushed the United States closer to participation in the First World War.
E
All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT A the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon League B the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition C the Progressive belief in social reform D the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws E the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents
E
The cartoon above portrays President Wilson trying to A conceal from the public the true reason for United States entry into the First World War B arouse public support for United States entry into the First World War C assess the public's support of his bid for a third presidential term D warn the public that Germany had not been treated fairly at Versailles E arouse public support for the Treaty of Versailles
E
The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily A farmers interested in improving agricultural production B immigrant activities attempting to change restrictive immigration laws C representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs D workers concerned with establishing industrial unions E middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues
E
The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to A ease the economic difficulties of sharecroppers and tenant farmers B provide for the distribution of surplus meat and produce to the poor C reapportion electoral districts to give farmers greater representation in Congress D expand agricultural production by subsidizing farmers E raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production
E
The term "muckrakers" was used in the early twentieth century to refer to A laborers who worked in the meatpacking industry B baseball players who lost important games on purpose to collect large bribes C writers who wrote articles sympathetic to big business D captains of industry who defended the accumulation of wealth in lectures and pamphlets E journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty
E
What was the main reason for the major decrease in the number of Europeans immigrating to the United States in the 1920s? A There was widespread prosperity in Europe after the First World War. B Most European countries passed laws forbidding immigration to the United States. C A significant increase in emigration from Latin America left fewer jobs for European immigrants. D Fear of political persecution after the Palmer raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case discouraged many Europeans from emigrating. E The United States passed the National Origins Act.
E
