APUSH Unit 3 Review

What were the major long-term political consequences of northern victory?

An end of threat of nullification and secession

Which of the following provided sources of revenue for the federal government in the period from 1800 to 1860

III. customs duties IV. land sales

The theme of individualism is most evident in the writings of

Ralph Waldo Emerson: A transcendalist, who urged Americans to stop imitating European culture and to make American culture. His writings argued about self reliance and independent thing. He became a supporter of the union is the Civil war

Popular sovereignty

people hold the final authority in all matters of government

What was the intent of the Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War?

place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures except the (A) enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures (B) outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis (C) massive exodus of former slaves from the South (D) election of former Confederates to Congress (E) response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment

(C) massive exodus of former slaves from the South

Characterization of American Transcendentalists

-emphasized living a simple life -close relationship to nature -celebrated emotions and imagination -individualism and self-reliance -intuition can lead to knowledge -inherent goodness of people -spiritual well-being vs. financial well-being

Republican Party platform with respect to slavery in the 1860 election was?

...

What was the most important/most memorable point to Daniel Webster's famous speech in response to Senator Hayne (your interpretation may be one of the choices)?

...

Freedmen's Bureau

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs. DID NOT provide protection from sharecropping agreements

Dred Scott decision

A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

American Colonization Society

A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country.

Ostend Manifesto

A declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S.

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states;

The majority of White Families in the antebellum South owned how many slaves?

About half of the white slave owning families in the south owned around 5 slaves or fewer in the Antebellum south.

Know as much about pre-Civil War American slavery as you can.

Before the Civil War, slaves worked hard for no pay. They were treated unfairly, like objects, rather then people. Many arguments, compromises, and decisions made about slavery tore the United States apart and divided the country.

Facts about African American soldiers during the Civil War (as many as you can).

By war's end, African-American soldiers made up roughly 10 percent of the Union army. Approximately 179,000 black soldiers wore the blue; 37,000 lost their lives. In March 1865, the Confederate congress authorized the army to recruit 300,000 black troops. Some units were raised, but it was too late for them to make a difference.

Describe northern politics during the Civil War.

Democrats challenged Republicans for control of nationals and state offices.

Wilmot Proviso

Dispute over whether any Mexican territory that America won during the Mexican War should be free or a slave territory. A representative named David Wilmot introduced an amendment stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. This amendment passed the House twice, but failed to ever pass in Senate. The "Wilmot Proviso", as it became known as, became a symbol of how intense dispute over slavery was in the U.S.

What were the responses of Great Britain and France to the American Civil War?

For different reasons, both those countries were pro-Confederate.

What were some political effects of the fighting in Kansas in 1855 and 1856?

Further divide the Democratic party

Trent affair

In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release

Effect of the Dred Scott Case on the Missouri Compromise

In the Dred Scott decision a slave was taken up north to a "free state," according to the Missouri Compromise, and then brought back down to a slave state. Dred Scott felt that by entering a free state should be free from slavery, but on the ruling the Dred Scott decision ruled that slaves are considered property and can be taken anywhere therefore nullifying the Missouri Compromise.

Before the Civil War, in New England textile mills, farm girls were replaced by?

Irish Immigrants

Describe the policy of the government of Mexico towards Texas.

It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and early 1830s.

Major results of the Compromise of 1850?

It postponed hostilities between the North and the South for about ten years. The compromise also created more divisions between the North and the South. This allowed the North to grow stronger politically and economically.

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in which state?

Kansas

Why did President Lincoln refrain from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil War had been in progress for almost two years?

Lincoln feared that by emancipating the slaves would drive the Border States out of the union. One of his main priorities when taking action against slavery was to keep the support of the Border States .

Which group of white-southerners was the most pro-union?

Mountain Whites

Principles established by the Dred Scott decision.

National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories

For a short time in the 1850s, an American seized control of what country?

Nicaragua

Differences between the north and south in the 1850's.

North: opposed slavery because they didnt need it, true, alot thought it was morally wrong, which of course it is, but for the most part, they had factories, not farms. South: thought they needed slavery. they cotton farms, cotton picking is hard work and it can go much faster with much help. (cotton was very hard on soil, south new that it would need to expand in order to produce more crops, they needed new soil. north opposed to more slave states being formed.)

Most threatening foreign problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was?

Possible British recognition of the Confederacy.

Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached (specifically)?

President Johnson was primarily impeached for 1) violating the 1867 Tenure of Office Act. Other charges included 2) violating the Command of the Army Act and 3) libeling Congress with "inflammatory and scandalous harangues."

In what ways did the Panic of 1857 have an effect on sectional conflict?

Southerners concluded that their economic system was superior to the North's

What was John Brown's primary purpose in attacking Harpers Ferry?

Start a slave rebellion in Virginia

What did the "redeemers" in the South support?

States' rights and white supremacy

How did the emancipation of slaves in the seceded states play into the initial Union strategy to win the Civil War?

The Emancipation Proclamation freed all of the slaves, the large majority living in the South. With the Proclamation ex-slaves fled North, and some even joined the Union Army. It also game the Confederates a feeling of helplessness because they couldn't do anything about it. It also signified that Lincoln and the USA still had control over the southern states.

Which provision of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy?

The Fugitive Slave Act.

What were the major results of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, and the incumbent Stephen A. Douglas, a Democrat, for an Illinois seat in the United States Senate. At the time, U.S. Senators were elected by state legislatures; thus Lincoln and Douglas were campaigning for their respective parties to win control of the Illinois legislature. The debates previewed the issues that Lincoln would face in the 1860 presidential election. The main issue discussed in all seven debates was slavery.

North's advantages over the South at the outbreak of the Civil War were?

The North had a larger population base and a huge industrial base. It could produce more finished goods such as guns and armaments. There was more money in the North. The United States was better recognized by foreign governments as an established nation, so the Confederacy had a harder time obtaining foreign credit and aid. The states in the Union had an easier time recognizing a central government so organizing the army was easier, and Lincoln's authority was better recognized. The North also had a better developed system of roads and railroads.

Redeemer administration achievements

The Redeemer administrations that took hold after the collapse of the republican governments in the South kept many of their reforms, such as those in education taxation, women's property rights, and in public works. They however did reverse some protections for the African Americans, as the Redeemers were racists and white-only groups. They also had large amounts of corruption, as did much of the nation during the Grant administration.

Which was not a result of the American Civil War?

The initiation of the transcontinental railroad is not a result of the civil war because it was already started by the Gadsden purchase previous to the Civil War.

Reasons for the dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860?

The natural population increase of American-born slaves

What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 provided for?

The reconstruction act of 1867 was a series of statutes meant to help reconstruct the United States after the devastation of the Civil War. These statutes where made to : - give voting rights to all men in Confederate states -have all former Confederate states ratify the 14th amendment - require congressional approval for new state constitutions -create five military districts

What terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ending the Mexican War?

The terms of the agreement confirmed U.S. claims to Texas and established the border between the U.S. and Mexico at the Rio Grande and the Gila River. The treaty also granted the U.S. more than 525,000 square miles of former Mexican territory that includes present-day California, Nevada, Utah, most of New Mexico and Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. In exchange, the U.S. paid Mexico $15 million for the territory and agreed to assume the claims of American citizens against the Mexican government, a sum of approximately $3 million. This treaty, along with the 1853 Gadsden Purchase, completed the continental expansion of the United States.

What was Congress' primary reason for adopting the 14th Amendment?

To grant citizenship to all natural born citizens and to protect African American rights under the constitution.

What were the major results of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Uncle Tom's Cabin was mainly cared for by the Northerners. Many Southern slave owners believed this book brought a faslesity to slave owning as a whole. They believed it made slave ownership look terrible. In truth, Harriet Beecher Stowe had very little experience even seeing slaves, nevertheless seeing them killed. It basically made many slave owners mad and it brought a new light to the Northerners on the fact of slave ownership.

What was Lincoln's and Johnson's plan for Reconstruction in 1865?

Under Lincoln's plan, Southerners who took an oath saying they would support the Union would be granted a pardon. The terms of the Reconstruction plan allowed southern states to form new governments and constitutions, as long as 10% of their voters supported the Union. Johnson - His plan offered pardons to every single southern white, not including the main Confederate leaders and rich Confederate supporters. The southern states that were defeated were to hold conventions and start new state governments. These new state governments had to abolish slavery and agree to be loyal to the country if they wanted to rejoin the Union.

"Let Southern oppressors tremble.... I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement.... I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice." Who said this?

William L. Garrison had said this in his Liberator which was a publication that he founded. He is known as being a famous abolitionist and one of the founders of the Antislavery Comitee. This statement was made in 1831.

Call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of whom/what?

William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator.

What was Lee's major reason for invading northern territory in 1863?

Win foreign recognition for the Confederacy

What were the major arguments in the debates over the Compromise of 1850?

a. Provision for a new Fugitive Slave Law b. Slave trade in the District of Columbia c. Admission of California into the Union as a free state d. Future of slavery in the Mexican Cession territories

In the pre-Civil War era, the railroad's most important impact on the economy was......?

accessibility to eastern urban markets provided to midwestern farmers

Describe the situation (using specifics) of freedmen in the decade following the Civil War. Secretary Of State Seward and "Seward's Folly."

after the civil war freedmen found work in arts, community theater, and agriculture. Due to a law by President Lincoln in 1867, each freeman was given 40 acres, a mule, and 100 dollars from the former slave owner. many criticized William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars, calling it his folly.

What were the major elements of the Radical Republican program implemented during Reconstruction?

b. provision of 40 acres to each freedman. c. enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment. d. punishment of the Confederate leaders. e. restrictions on the power of the President.

The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on?

centered on the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana

In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American technology was his?

interchangeable parts

Why was the Battle of Antietam particularly critical?

probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because....?

repealed the Missouri Compromise

What was John C. Calhoun's plan to protect the South and slavery?

the election of two presidents, one from the North and one from the South

What were some serious constitutional questions that arose after the Civil War?

the political and legal status of the former Confederate states

Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877?

the republican and democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election

What were the consequences of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth century south?

the termination of the control exerted by white landowners over former slaves.

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in?

the withdrawal of federal troops from the South