APUSH Unit 5 College Board Review Questions

Which of the following best explains the reason for the reconciliation described by Blight? A Mass immigration from abroad and internal migration of African Americans reduced racial tensions in the North and South. B The federal government established a limited social welfare state that reduced regional differences between the North and South. C Efforts to change southern racial attitudes and culture ultimately failed because of the South's determined resistance and the North's waning resolve. D The theory of Social Darwinism encouraged political and business leaders to reduce efforts to create racial equality in the South.

Efforts to change southern racial attitudes and culture ultimately failed because of the South's determined resistance and the North's waning resolve.

Evidence in the excerpt(Lincoln speech) best corroborates which of the following? A Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system. B Sectional divisions were not as deep as many thought, and there was agreement about gradual abolition. C Political leadership in previous administrations had successfully limited sectional conflict. D Lincoln viewed foreign influences as serious threats to the stability of the United States.

Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system.

Based on their arguments in the excerpts, both Rable and Foner would most likely agree with which of the following claims? A The North achieved its aims for Reconstruction. B Federal policy during Reconstruction was inconsistent. C Southern resistance hindered Reconstruction. D Republicans dominated the South after Reconstruction.

Southern resistance hindered Reconstruction.

Evidence in the excerpt (Henry Clay speech to senate) best corroborates which of the following broader historical contexts? A Expanded trade between the East and West Coasts and with Asia divided the country in new ways. B Abolitionist activity undermined the ability of new territories to achieve statehood. C Southern states sought more proslavery seats in the United States Congress. D New political parties such as the Know-Nothings threatened the system of slavery.

Southern states sought more proslavery seats in the United States Congress.

The data in the first table most directly indicate which of the following about the professions of soldiers in the Civil War? A The Confederacy enlisted more factory workers to fill its armies than did the Union. B The Confederacy relied more heavily on agricultural workers to fill its armies than did the Union. C The majority of soldiers in both Confederate and Union forces were sharecroppers. D The Confederacy enlisted more skilled workers than did the Union.

The Confederacy relied more heavily on agricultural workers to fill its armies than did the Union.

Which of the following invalidated the decision in the excerpt (Dred Scott v. Sandford) ? A The Fourteenth Amendment B Plessy v. Ferguson C Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka D The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Fourteenth Amendment

The decision in the excerpt (Dred Scott v. Sandford) held which of the following to be unconstitutional? A The Northwest Ordinance B The Louisiana Purchase C The Missouri Compromise D The Wilmot Proviso

The Missouri Compromise

Which of the following events best represents a continuity of the sentiments expressed by Senator Calhoun in the speech? A The United States rejection of membership in the League of Nations B Support for assimilationist policies in the 1880s and 1890s C The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson D The Great Migration of African Americans out of the South in the 1910s

The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

The data in the tables most likely indicate which of the following? A The Union had more educated leadership in its army than did the Confederacy. B The Confederacy more typically enlisted enslaved African Americans to fill its army. C The Union had a larger and more diverse population of workers to enlist from than did the Confederacy. D The Confederacy had more wealthy people in its armed forces than did the Union.

The Union had a larger and more diverse population of workers to enlist from than did the Confederacy.

Based on their arguments in the excerpts, Giddings would likely agree with and Whitman would likely disagree with which of the following claims about the causes of the Mexican-American War? A The United States sought the repayment of Mexican debts. B Mexico had killed Americans during a previous conflict in Texas. C The United States desired to expand slavery to Mexican territory. D Mexico had sent soldiers across the southern border of the United States.

The United States desired to expand slavery to Mexican territory.

The position expressed by Clay in the excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following? A Northern politicians showed less interest in California than Southern politicians. B The United States Senate could not agree on treaty terms with Mexico. C The acquisition of new territories created disputes over the expansion of slavery. D Nativist groups opposed incorporating new states into the Union.

The acquisition of new territories created disputes over the expansion of slavery.

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to refute Stevens' claim in the excerpt that the Union had done little for formerly enslaved people by 1867? A The assistance granted to formerly enslaved people to seek work in Northern factories B The creation of schools by the Freedmen's Bureau for formerly enslaved people C The widespread redistribution of land from former Confederates to formerly enslaved people D The adoption of work as sharecroppers by many formerly enslaved people

The creation of schools by the Freedmen's Bureau for formerly enslaved people

The proclamation most clearly provides evidence for which of the following? A The spreading of violence associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act B The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions C The abolitionist roots of the Republican Party D The absence of racism in antebellum New England

The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions

Ideas expressed by Douglass in the excerpt were most likely interpreted as supporting which of the following arguments? A The war would make African Americans feel free. B The war was the product of years of injustice against African Americans. C The war would take enormous sacrifice of military combat to achieve victory. D The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the states.

The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the states.

The sentiments expressed in the proclamation would have been most widely condemned by White residents of A coastal South Carolina B northern California C western New York D western Virginia

coastal South Carolina

One key change immediately following the Civil War aimed at achieving the "racial justice" that Blight describes was the A establishment of a constitutional basis for citizenship and voting rights B creation of new agencies to ensure racial integration in employment C campaign by the federal government to eliminate poverty D desegregation of the United States armed forces

establishment of a constitutional basis for citizenship and voting rights

The situation depicted in the image best serves as evidence of the A expansion of federal power B decline of an agrarian economy C increase in sectional divisions D institutionalization of racial segregation

expansion of federal power

Lincoln's main purpose in the excerpt was to A advocate racial equality B encourage the punishment of the South C propose expanded democratic voting rights D gain continued support for the war effort

gain continued support for the war effort

The image most strongly supports the argument that Reconstruction A led to the unfair punishment of White Southerners by the North B encouraged large-scale rebellions by former slaves C involved unconstitutional abuses of government power D temporarily altered race relations in the South

temporarily altered race relations in the South

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify Foner's main argument in the second excerpt? A Many African Americans were elected to the United States Congress for the first time during Reconstruction. B Southern states were not permitted to rejoin the Union until they had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment. C After 1877 Democrats in the South legislated restrictions on the ability of African Americans to vote. D Radical Republicans passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to protect African Americans against abuses.

After 1877 Democrats in the South legislated restrictions on the ability of African Americans to vote.

During Reconstruction, which of following was a change that took place in the South? A Many African Americans found manufacturing employment. B Many White Southerners supported African Americans' rights. C African Americans favored the Democratic Party. D African Americans were able to exercise political rights.

African Americans were able to exercise political rights.

The excerpt (Lincoln speech) best serves as evidence for which of the following developments? A Abraham Lincoln attempted to increase the size of the army to regain Southern states. B Lincoln rejected allowing any additional states to join the United States. C Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country. D Lincoln intended to enforce the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country.

In the mid-nineteenth century, the process shown in the map was advocated by supporters of which of the following ideologies? A Republicanism B Abolitionism C Progressivism D Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny

Which of the following is a similarity between Rable's and Foner's arguments in the excerpts? A Both highlight the use of federal force to uphold the Constitution. B Both focus on many Southerners' opposition to racial equality. C Both discuss congressional legislation to protect African American suffrage. D Both assert that Northerners cared little about the outcome of Reconstruction.

Both focus on many Southerners' opposition to racial equality.

Which of the following is a similarity between how Whitman and Giddings made their arguments? A Both used examples of Mexico's behavior to support their points. B Both sought to justify their positions to international observers. C Both drew on principles from the Constitution to make claims. D Both made religious appeals to prove their assertions.

Both sought to justify their positions to international observers.

The data in the tables indicate which of the following? A Confederate forces suffered more casualties than did Union forces. B The Confederacy lost more of its skilled workers than did the Union. C The Union lost a greater percentage of its population than did the Confederacy. D Confederate armies lost a greater proportion of its soldiers than did the Union.

Confederate armies lost a greater proportion of its soldiers than did the Union.

The excerpt (Henry Clay speech to senate) best reflects which of the following historical situations? A Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South. B States in the Great Lakes region advocated to legalize slavery within their borders. C Senators appealed to the idea of American exceptionalism to encourage national unity. D The Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case reduced sectional conflict within the United States.

Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South.

Which of the following developments could best be used as evidence to support Stevens' claim about African American suffrage in the last paragraph of the excerpt? A Republican candidates won most presidential electoral votes in the North in the late 1860s and 1870s. B Many Northern business leaders supported the Republican Party during Reconstruction. C Democrats dominated the Southern states after suppressing African American voting rights. D President Ulysses S. Grant used federal authority to counter voter intimidation in the South.

Democrats dominated the Southern states after suppressing African American voting rights.

Which of the following most directly contributed to the conflict referred to in the excerpt (Gettysburg Adress) ? A Disputes over taxation and representation B Tensions between isolationism and international engagement C Disagreements over whether to allow slavery in new territories D Debates about the role of religion in society and government

Disagreements over whether to allow slavery in new territories

Douglass' rhetoric in the excerpt was most likely interpreted as promoting which of the following? A The need for more soldiers in the Union Army B His advocacy for African American equal rights C His support for Abraham Lincoln's reelection in 1864 D Criticism of the limits of the Emancipation Proclamation

His advocacy for African American equal rights

The issuing of documents such as the proclamation generally had which of the following effects? A Accumulating support for the theory of slavery as a positive good B Encouraging armed rebellions by enslaved people in the South C Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery D Improving relations between native-born residents and recent Catholic immigrants

Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery

Based on the excerpt, Calhoun would also be most likely to support which of the following? A Proslavery arguments B Policies favoring immigration C Expanded United States federal authority D United States sale of disputed territory

Pro slavery arguements

Which of the following describes a difference between Rable's and Foner's arguments in the excerpts? A Rable asserts that violence in the South achieved its political goals during Reconstruction, whereas Foner asserts that this violence was suppressed at the time. B Rable claims that the violence during Reconstruction was unprecedented, whereas Foner claims that this violence followed earlier patterns in United States history. C Foner argues that the North lost the will to enforce Reconstruction, whereas Rable argues that the North passed laws carrying out Reconstruction. D Foner contends that the South accepted Reconstruction, whereas Rable contends that the South revolted against Reconstruction.

Rable asserts that violence in the South achieved its political goals during Reconstruction, whereas Foner asserts that this violence was suppressed at the time.

After 1863, which of the following most fulfilled the "new birth of freedom" that the excerpt (Gburg adress) refers to? A Ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments B The compromise that resolved the election of 1876 C Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan and similar organizations D Supreme Court rulings such as Plessy v. Ferguson

Ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments

Which of the following best explains Douglass' point of view in the excerpt? A African American enlistment would enable the Union Army to prevail in the Civil War. B Once African American men enlisted, Northern White soldiers would accept them as equals. C Shared sacrifice would help advance African American men's claims to United States citizenship. D Northern politicians overwhelmingly favored enlistment of African Americans in the Union Army.

Shared sacrifice would help advance African American men's claims to United States citizenship.

Which of the following most likely supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt (Dreed Scott) ? A Abolitionists B Southern Democrats C Free soil advocates D Northern Republicans

Southern Democrats

The excerpt most likely reflects which of the following historical situations? A Abraham Lincoln won all of the electoral college votes in the presidential election. B Formerly enslaved people were given the right to vote in presidential elections. C Southern states refused to participate in the presidential election. D States in the South had begun seceding after the presidential election.

States in the South had begun seceding after the presidential election.

Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision in the excerpt? A Tensions over slavery diminished. B Support grew for the Republican Party. C The United States fought a war with Mexico. D Most slave states voted to secede from the Union.

Support grew for the Republican Party.

The excerpt (John C Calhoun Speech) most directly reflects which of the following developments in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? A The end of the Spanish-American War B Westward expansion C The booming internal slave trade D Increased manufacturing

Westward expansion

Which of the following comparisons best describes Whitman's and Giddings' arguments about the Mexican-American War? A Whitman believed the United States should show patience before war, while Giddings believed the country had tolerated abuses for too long without war. B Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States. C Giddings asserted that the nation entered the war as a last resort, while Whitman asserted that the war was unnecessary to achieve the goals of the United States. D Giddings claimed that the war had popular support in the United States, while Whitman claimed that most Americans opposed the war. Answer D

Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States.