APUSH Unit 6
Korematsu v. United States
1944 SCOTUS case permitting internment camps
Okinawa
1945 campaign on a Japanese island that resulted in a US victory and massive casualties
Scottsboro Case
9 Black teenagers who were accused of raping 2 white women and were convicted in an unfair trial
Kellogg-Briand Plan
1928 agreement between the Allied powers to no longer go to war
Agricultural Marketing Act
1929 act passed by Hoover that ultimately failed to support farmers by buying their surpluses
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
1933 act that aimed to protect farmers from price drops but ultimately failed
Good Neighbor Policy
1933 foreign policy stating that the US would not intervene in domestic Latin American affairs
Indian Reorganization Act
1934 legislation that gave land ownership back to tribes and allowed them to self-govern
Midway
1942 US naval victory over Japan, sinking four Japanese aircraft carriers
D-Day
1944 Allied invasion on the beaches of Normandy that led to the liberation of France
Richard Wright
Black author who wrote in support of civil rights and unions
A. Philip Randolph
Black civil rights and labor leader
Atlantic Charter
British and American statement in 1941 that defined their vision for the postwar world
Father Charles Coughlin
Catholic priest who denounced the New Deal on his radio show
"Quarantine" speech
FDR's 1937 poorly received speech stating that the US should do something against Japan's military expansionism
Court Packing Plan
FDR's failed attempt to increase the # of SCOTUS judges so his New Deal programs wouldn't be overturned
"Fireside chats"
FDR's radio broadcasts informally explaining New Deal programs
Kamikaze
Japanese suicide pilots
Braceros
Mexican guest workers in the US during WWII
National Labor Relations Board
New Deal agency that mediated conflicts between companies and unions
Works Progress Administration
New Deal agency that provided jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings
Securities and Exchange Commission
New Deal agency that regulated financial markets and investment companies
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
New Deal government agency that provided insurance for customers their bank failed
Tennessee Valley Authority
New Deal program that built dams to control flooding and produce electricity for rural areas
Civilian Conservation Corps
New Deal program that hired unemployed young men to work on environmental/preservation projects
Social Security Act
New Deal program that provided retirement and unemployment insurance
National Recovery Administration
New Deal program that regulated production, prices, and wages
Schechter v. United States
SCOTUS case that struck down the National Recovery Act
Pearl Harbor
US base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan in 1941, causing the US to enter the war
5-Power Pact
agreement between the US, France, Britain, Japan, and Italy limiting the size of their navies
Payroll deduction
amount withheld from an employee's gross earnings
Escapism
avoiding harsh realities; done by the upper classes to ignore poverty
Zoot suit
clothes worn by Mexican-Americans during the 1940s
Popular Front
coalition of leftists that pushed for US involvement in Europe
Fair Employment Practices Commission
committee created by FDR to encourage Black Americans to enter the defense workforce and investigate racism in government jobs
"Black Tuesday"
crisis on October 29, 1929 when investors sold all their shares and the stock market crashed
Office of War Mobilization
dederal agency formed to coordinate war production during WWII
"Double-V" campaign
desire during WWII for military victory and civil rights victory
Internment camps
detention centers where hundreds of thousands of Japanese-Americans were wrongly imprisoned during WWII
Frank Capra
director that criticized the wealthy and politicians in his 1930s-40s films
Frances Perkins
first female cabinet member; served as Secretary of Labor
Eleanor Roosevelt
first lady and human rights advocate
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
government agency established by Hoover in 1932 to give economic assistance to businesses
Bonus Army
group of WWI veterans who demanded pensions during the Great Depression
Dorothea Lange
iconic photographer who photographed the Dust Bowl
Sit-down Strikes
labor protest in which workers stop working and occupy the workplace until their demands are met
Congress of Industrial Organizations
labor union of unskilled workers that broke away from the AFL
Neutrality Act of 1939
legislation allowing the US to sell munitions to belligerent countries
Neutrality Acts (of 1935 and 1937)
legislation stating that Americans could not travel nor sell arms to countries at war
Lend-Lease Act
legislation that allowed the US to give war materials to any nation as long as it would help defend the US
Okies
nickname for farmers who migrated from the Dust Bowl to California
The Grapes of Wrath
novel written by John Steinbeck about a family who migrated to California due to the dust bowl
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
nuclear attacks during World War II against Japan that killed hundreds of thousands
Banking Crisis
people lost confidence in the banks and withdrew their money, causing banks to fail
Roosevelt Recession
period when FDR cut New Deal spending to balance the budget, causing another economic downturn
Dawes Plan
plan to revive the German economy after WWI by loaning them money
Huey Long
politican from Louisiana who criticized the New Deal
Townsend Plan
proposed legislation to give all people above the age of 60 significant monthly pensions
Manhattan Project
secret US plan to create the atomic bombs
Nye Committee
senate group that found that the US joined WWI because of corporate corruption
Dust Bowl
severe drought in the Great Plains region that killed crops and people
Hoovervilles
shantytowns built by unemployed people during the Great Depression
Rosie the Riveter
symbol of American women who went to work in factories during WWII
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
tariff enacted in 1930 to stimulate domestic manufacturing that triggered retaliatory tariffs globally
Bank Holiday
the federal government closed all banks for 4 days to work on banking reform
Detroit Race Riot of 1943
violent protests that killed and wounded hundreds of people until federal troops stopped them