Architecture - Midterm

What is the range of decimal values for a signed BYTE?

-128 to 127

Complete the following unsigned Binary Subtraction: 0101 1110 - 0100 1111 ------------

0000 1111

Complete the following unsigned Binary Subtraction: 11100001 - 10111111 ------------

00100010

What binary value is equivalent to hexadecimal 4A2B?

0100 1010 0010 1011

Which of the following binary values is equivalent to hexadecimal 7CBE?

0111 1100 1011 1110

Place the steps for a memory read in the correct order. Assert a Read Move data to its destination. Specify the memory address on the Address Bus via MAR. Wait until operation is complete.

1. Specify the memory address on the Address Bus via MAR. 2. Assert a Read 3. Wait until operation is complete. 4. Move data to its destination.

What is the floating point unit (FPU) precision limit?

1.4 x 10^-45

Convert the decimal value 21.4375 to binary.

10101.0111

Complete the following Unsigned Binary Addition (answers should also be in Binary): 10111010 + 00100001 -------------

1101 1011

How many binary digits are represented by a series of 3 hexadecimal characters?

12

How many bits long is a WORD on x86 systems?

16

Convert the following signed SWORD to a decimal value. 0011 1111 1010 1011

16,299

What is the largest unsigned integer that may be stored in 24 bits?

16,777,215

SWORD

16-bit signed integer

WORD

16-bit unsigned integer.

Convert the following signed SWORD to a decimal value. 0100 1101 0011 1100

19,772

How many binary digits are represented by a series of 5 hexadecimal characters?

20

REAL4

32-bit (4-byte) IEEE short real

SDWORD

32-bit signed integer

DWORD

32-bit unsigned integer

Convert the binary value 100011.11001 to decimal

35.78125

Complete the following unsigned Hexadecimal Subtraction: 83AA - 47AB -----------

3BFF

Convert the following unsigned WORD to a decimal value. 1010 0000 0110 1001

41,065

Convert the following string into its ASCII hex representation: Optical

4F 70 74 69 63 61 6C

Convert the following string into its ASCII hex representation: Station!

53 74 61 74 69 6F 6E 21

Convert the following unsigned WORD to a decimal value. 1101 0010 0011 0111

53,815

There are ____ segment registers.

6

REAL8

64-bit (8-byte) IEEE long real

BYTE

8-bit unsigned integer.

Complete the following Hexadecimal Addition: 2C15 + 571B ---------

8330

Complete the following Unsigned Hexadecimal Addition (answers should also be in Hexadecimal): 2C28 + 572B ---------

8353

Given the data-segment declaration myArray DWORD 35 DUP(?), write a statement to calculate the number of bytes in the array and assign this to a constant named ArraySize.

ArraySize = ($ - myArray) $ gets the data segment address of the current line, and subtracting off the address of myArray provides the length in BYTES of myArray.

What mechanism is used to turn Assembly Language code to Machine Code?

Assembler

A ___ Architecture's instructions are translated to micro-programs which are executed by the CPU, whereas a ___ Architecture's instructions are directly executed by the CPU.

CISC, RISC

Language Hierarchy: The purpose of a Compiler is to...

Convert High/Low level Program Code to Assembly/Machine Code

Adding 5 to 0FBh in an 8-bit register sets the Zero flag.

False

If an integer's sign bit is 1, the integer is positive.

False

The ASCII code values for alphabetic letters (e.g. 'a') are smaller than for decimal digits (e.g. '1').

False

(True/False) A single computer architecture may have programs written for it using more than one Assembly Language (x86, RISC-V, ...)

False An Assembly Language is defined by an ISA (Instruction Set architecture), and is the only Assembly Language defined for that computer architecture.

(True/False) Using the myArray definition from Question 2, the following line correctly calculates the number of elements in myArray:numElements = ($ − myArray) / 2

False - It's a DWORD so ($ − myArray) / 4 to get # of elements

An Assembly Language is defined by the . . .

Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

A program that combines object files into an executable program is called a

Linker

Define a MASM constant for your name as a NULL-terminated string.

MY_NAME = EQU "Melissa", 0

If you wanted to find out whether an 8-bit integer contained an even number of 1 bits, which status flag would be useful?

Parity

Which Operation Mode provides compatibility for legacy 8086 programs?

Real-Address mode

Which of the following are components of the Control Unit? (Check all that apply): Status Register Instruction Register Multi-Purpose Registers ALU Instruction Pointer

Status Register Instruction Register Instruction Pointer

Match the Instruction Execution steps to the correct order and description. If the instruction uses an input operand located in memory, the control unit uses a read operation to retrieve the operand and copy it into internal registers. The control unit increments the instruction pointer (IP, also known as instruction counter). The control unit fetches the next instruction from the instruction queue. If the output operand is in memory, the control unit uses a write operation to store the data. The control unit decodes the instruction's function to determine what the instruction will do. The ALU executes the instruction using the named registers and internal registers as operands.

Step 1 The control unit fetches the next instruction from the instruction queue. Step 2 The control unit increments the instruction pointer (IP, also known as instruction counter). Step 3 The control unit decodes the instruction's function to determine what the instruction will do. Step 4 If the instruction uses an input operand located in memory, the control unit uses a read operation to retrieve the operand and copy it into internal registers. Step 5 The ALU executes the instruction using the named registers and internal registers as operands. Step 6 If the output operand is in memory, the control unit uses a write operation to store the data.

What component's primary duty is synchronizing processes inside a computer?

System Clock

Write a statement to declares a symbolic constant using the equal-sign directive that contains the ASCII code (09h) for the Horizontal Tab.

TABKEY = 09h

This flag is set when an unsigned arithmetic operation generates a carry (or borrow) out of the most significant bit of the result.

The Carry flag

This flag is set when the result of a signed arithmetic operation is too large or too small to fit into the destination.

The Overflow flag

This flag is set if the least-significant byte in the result contains an even number of 1 bits.

The Parity Flag

This flag is set when the result of an arithmetic or logical operation generates a negative result.

The Sign flag

This flag is set when the result of an arithmetic or logical operation generates a result of zero.

The Zero flag

(True/False) A single computer architecture may have programs written for it using more than one assembler (MASM, NASM, FASM, ...

True Different assemblers give software developers different capabilities in the way their assembly language programs are written, assembled, and debugged. MASM and NASM can both be used to author x86 Assembly for IA32 processors, for example. Assemblers have a many-to-one correspondence to assembly languages; that is, even though there is only one assembly language for a particular ISA, there may be several assemblers available to choose from.

Convert the following ASCII hex representation to a character string: 54 75 72 69 6E 67

Turing

What is the floating point unit's (FPU) has a range?

approximately -3.4 x 10^38 ... +3.4 x 10^38

High-speed memory that reduces the frequency of access by the CPU to conventional memory is called

cache memory

The three types of buses connected to the CPU are:

data, address, control

During which phase of the instruction execution cycle is the program counter incremented?

fetch

A signed integer stores the sign in the

most significant bit (MSB) .

Which of the following best describes the relationship from assembly language instructions to machine language instructions?

nearly one to one

A _______ is a container for data which resides on the CPU chip.

register

The two's complement of an binary value is formed by which process?

reversing (inverting) the bits and adding 1