ARH 2051 Exam 1

What is the date of this work? (arena chapel)

1305

What is the date of this work? (Arnolfini and Wife)

1434

pisano's pulpit has how many channels?

5

Mark all that apply: This work by Jan van Eyck and Hubert includes the figures of?

Adam St. John the Baptist Eve Mary

Birth of Venus

Artist: Botticelli Date: 1484-1486 Patron: Lorenzo di Pierfranesco de Midi Location: Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence Medium: tempera on canvas Context: Central image represents the Neo-platonic idea of divine lore in the form of a nude Venus based on an antique statue type known as "modest Venus" that ultimately derives from Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos. Venus draws attention to her sexuality.

Dome of Florence Cathedral (view from the south)

Artist: Brunelleschi Date: 1420-1436 Patron: Opera del Duomo Location: Florence, Italy Medium: architecture Context: a revolutionary feat of engineering, double shell of masonry 138 ft across. Vertical marble ribs interlocked w/ horizontal sandstone rings connected and reinforced w/ iron rods and oak beams. Brunelleschi devised a system in which temporary wooden supports were cantilevered out from the drum. As the dome was built up course by course each portion of the structure reinforced the next one. There is an oculus. there is an inner and outer shell linked internally by a system of arches to keep it standing.

Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets,

Artist: Cimabue Date: c. 1280-1290, Patron: Church Location: Santa Trinità, Florence, Medium: tempera and gold leaf on wood. Context: most likely painted for the high altar of the church of Santa trinita, Florence. Cimabue surrounds the virgin and child w/ angels and places a row of Hebrew bible prophets beneath them. Mary is hierarchically scaled and holds jesus. gestures to her son for the path of salvation. naturalistic warmth. has highlights of drapery with thin lines of gold as if to capture their divine radiance.

Well of Moses

Artist: Claus Sluter Date: 1395-1406 Patron: Philip the Bold Location: Chartreuse de Champmol Dijon, France Medium: limestone painted and gilded. Context: made by Sluter who left it unfinished at his death. Life size figures with a free standing Christ w/ virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene, john the evangelist. Moses is depicted with horns from a mistranslation. Sluter retained detailed naturalism and abandoned the idealized faces elongated faces and vertical drapery of International gothic for the broad horizontal movement of forms.

David

Artist: Donatello Date: late 1420's-late 1450's Patron: Piero de' Medici Location: Museo Nazionale de Bargello, Florence Medium: bronze Context: First recorded as being in the courtyard of the Medici Palace in 1469. Its stood on a base inscribed w/ these lines: The victor is whoever defends the fatherland. All powerful God crushes the angry enemy . Behold a boy overcomes a great tyrant. Conquer O' citizens!" Heroic nudity. homo eroticism- helmet on Goliath's severed head caresses the boys inner thigh... weird. Childish interests vs. adult responsibility.

Gates of Paradise

Artist: Ghiberti Date : 1425-1452, Patron: Wool worker's guild. Location: Florence Cathedral, Florence, Italy, Medium:gilded bronze relief. Context: baptistery, depicts 10 scenes from the Hebrew bible beginning w/ the creation in upper left panel. Ghiberti organized the space in the 10 square reliefs either by a system of linear perspective w/ obvious orthogonal lines or more intuitively by a series of arches or rocks or trees charting path into the distance.

Arena Chapel

Artist: Giotto di Bondone Date: 1305 Patron: Enrico Scrovegni Location: Padua Medium: Fresco Context: commissioned by Enrico Scrovegni whose family sinned by charging interest for their money loaning. They created this chapel in part of a penitential act. Scrovegni was pardoned by Pope Benedict XI. depicts life of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary. was painted using buon fresco.

Madonna Enthroned, with Angels and Prophets

Artist: Giotto di Bondone Date: ca. 1310 Patron: Church Location: Church of Ognissanti, Florence Medium: tempera and gold leaf on wood. Context: painted 30 years after Cimabue's. Ognissanti (all saints), most likely painted for the high altar of the Church of the Ognissanti. Difference: mary's head is not tilted to the side. Giotto does not use gold but light and shadow, hierarchic scale, 3D beings that inhabit space.

Ghent Altarpiece

Artist: Hubert and Jan van Eyck Date: ca. 1432 Patron: Jodocus Vyd. Location: Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium Medium: oil on wood Context: Jodocus Vyd and wife Isabella Borluut commanded the work and are depicted in the outside of the polyptych's two shutters- both visible only when the altarpiece is closed. Above them is a rendering of the Annunciation. Adam and Eve are shown as well as God. There is a diverse array of saints apostles, martyrs, confessors, virgins, hermits, pilgrims, warriors, judges assemble to adore the lamb of God.

Portinari Altarpiece

Artist: Hugo van der Goes Date: ca. 1476 Patron: Tommaso Portinari. Location: Sant'Egidio, Florence, Medium: tempera and oil on wood. Context: infused with symbolic meaning; majorlica alberello is decorated w/ vines and grapes alluding to the eucharistic vines, 3 irises= white for purity, and purple for Christ's royal ancestry. 7 blue culombines = virgin future sorrow/ scattered violets on the ground= humility. there are shepherds who stand unaffected awe before the miraculous event. depicts tommaso wife and kids.

Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife

Artist: Jan van Eyck, Date: 1434 Patron: Giovanni Arnolfini Location: Medium: oil on wood. Context: depicts husband and wife but their precise identity is up for scholarly debate. Is it a wedding? a betrothal? security for a shady financial deal? recently it was interpreted as a memorial to a beloved wife lost to death, perhaps during childbrith? very very symbolic! cyrstal beads, mirror_ eye of God, St. margaret protector of women and childbirth is present. Very luxurious setting.

Holy Trinity, Masaccio

Artist: Masaccio Date: 1428 Patron: Lenzi Family Location: Santa Maria Novella, Florence Italy Medium: fresco Context: meant to give the illusion of a stone funerary monument and altar table set below a deep aedicula (framed niche) in the wall. Jesus is flanked by Mary and John the Baptist. Jesus, God, and the holy spirit are all depicted. below is an open sarcophagus a grim reminder that death awaits us all so we need to find promise and redemption. Inscription: "I was once that which you are, and what I am you will also be."

Four Crowned Saints,

Artist: Nanni di Banco Date: ca. 1408-1414 Patron: Sculpture guild. Location: San Michele, Florence, Italy, Medium: marble Context: Christian martyrs were sculptors executed for refusing to make an image of pagan Roman God for Emperor Diocletian. Florence's most powerful guilds had been commissioned to fill the grand floor niches that decorated the exterior of Orsanmichelle.

Nicola Pisano: Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds

Artist: Nicola Pisano Date: 1259-1260 Patron: Patron: Federico Visconti. Location: Baptistry Pulpit, Pisa Medium: marble. Context: continuous narrative. The pulpit was used by priests to present the service and the eagle that you see was used to rest the Bible upon. hexagonal form raised on columns; therefore the artist carved five panels with the following stories: Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of Shepherds; Adoration of the Magi; Presentation at the Temple; and Crucifixion. The sixth side is used for a stair so one can climb up the pulpit. This work is a perfect example of the intermixing of Gothic elements such as the tri-lobed (tri-foil: triple curved) arches and the lions supporting the columns; and the classical elements include the panels themselves that look like a Roman sarcophagus.

The Mérode Altarpice

Artist: Robert Campin (Master of Flemalle), Date: ca. 1425-1428, Patron: Peter Inghelbrecht. Location: N/A Medium: oil on wood Context: triptych Annunciation. made for small private chapel, set in a flemish home and incorporates common household objects man with symbolic religious meaning. lilies= mary's virginity/ hanging water pot = mary's purity and role as the vessel for the Incarnation of God. Peter and his wife are depicted also.

What devotional object, used for prayers throughout the day, became popular among wealthy French patrons during the Gothic period?

Books of Hours

Compare and Contrast: Which of these works is characteristically Byzantine? Cimabue's Madonna or Giotto?s

Cimabue (gold accent) Giotto has depth

what innovation did Flippo Brunelleschi devise in his design for the dome of Florence Cathedral?

He developed an alternative to customary wooden scaffolding

True or False: The International Gothic style is a style of 14th- and 15th-century painting begun by Simone Martini, who adapted the French Gothic manner to Sienese art fused with influences from the North. This style appealed to the aristocracy because of its brilliant color, lavish costume, intricate ornament, and themes involving splendid processions of knights and ladies.

True

True or False: This work by Nicola Pisano shows continuous narrative.

True

What distinguishes German art of the fourteenth century from other European cultural centers of the period?

a mystical religiosity that emphasized extreme joy and suffering

Compare and Contrast: Which of these works is a triptych? (merode altarpiece and portinari altar piece)

both (Ghent altarpiece is a polytych)

Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi's Annunciation differs from the earlier Sienese style of Duccio in the apparent influence of...

courtly Gothic style.

The partial adherence of the blue color on Christ's robe suggests this hue to have been applied to the surface with

fresco secco

What detail of Donatello's statue of Erasmo da Narni best seems to reflect the life lived by the condottieri?

the haggard, war- weary face

What theme is represented in Andrea Pisano's doors of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence?

the life of John the Baptist

what characteristic of 15th c. Italian art is demonstrated in Ghiberti's architectural setting for Jacob and Esau?

the use of linear perspective

What distinguishing feature of Itlian portraiture is demonstrated by Piero della Francesca's Battista Sforza and Federico da Montefeltro?

the use of strict profile

What technique is NOT demonstrated by Masaccio's The Tribute Money?

trompe l'oeil

The style of painted or sculptured representation based on close observation of the natural world that was at the core of classical tradition.

Naturalism

True or False: This work is located in Germany. (well of Moses)

FALSE. located in Germany

True or False: Fresco is a monochrome painting done mainly in neutral grays to simulate sculpture.

False

True or False: Giovanna Cenami is shown pregnant in this work. (arnolfini and wife)

False.

Who is the patron of this work? (Ghent Altarpiece)

Jodocus Vyd