ARRT Penny ch.14

A complicated baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as: a) pannus b) plicae c) septation d) lipoma

a) pannus (bakers sometimes need pans)

Inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed: a) ascites b) retroperitoneal fibrosis c) cellulitis d) subcutaneous edema

c) cellulitis

Which of the following would best be described as a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels ? a) hemangioma b) lipoma c) hamartoma d) oncocytoma

c) hemangioma

Sonographically normal muscle appears as : a) hyperechoic tissue that contains linear echogenis strands b) complex tissue that contains linear hypoechoic strands c) hypoechoic tissues that contains linear echogenic strands d) echogeinc tissues that contains linear hypoechoi strnads

c) hypoechoic tissues that contains linear echogenic strands

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is indicative of: a) malignancy b) benignancy c) inflammation d) rupture

c) inflammation

Which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object? a) fluid b) enhancement c) dust d) air

d) air

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat? a) hemangioma b) lipoma c) hamartoma d) oncocytoma

b) lipoma

Which of the following is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip ? a) graf b) ortolani maneuver c) barlow d) thompson

b) ortolani maneuver

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of : a) hyperemic flow b) tendosynovitis c) cartilaginous inflammation d) cartilagenous extension

b) tendosynovitis

A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a : a) baker cyst b) thompson cyst c) ganglion cyst d) lipoma

a) baker cyst

Clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except: a) itching in the area of the tendon b) pain c) edema d) the area is warm to the touch

a) itching in the area of the tendon

In what position should the patient placed to better evaluate the achilles tendon ? a) prone b) supine c) RLD d) LLD

a) prone

What can be performed to determine a torn achilles tendon? a) mcburney test b) mcdonald test c) thompson test d) baker test

c) thompson test

Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of an : a) AV malformation b) DVT c) Knee fracture d) Ganglion cyst

d) DVT

The achilles tendon connect the : a) ankle to the ankle b) heel to the ankle c) heel to the calf muscle d) knee to the calf muscle

c) heel to the calf muscle

A 6 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for hip sonogram with irritability unwillingness to walk and low grade fever. Sonographically you visualize a hypoechoic fluid collection that elevates the joint capsule. What is the most likely diagnosis? a) developmental hip dysplasia b) subluxation c) joint effusion d) hip dislocation

c) joint effusion

Inflamation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as : a) tendosynovitis b) tendonitis c) cellutis d) pannus

a) tendosynovitis

A standoff pad is most useful in imaging: a) deep structures that produce acoustic enhancement b) deep structures that produce acoustic shadowing c) structures that produce refractive shadowing d) superficial structures

d) superficial structures

All of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an achilles tendon except: a) the Pt lies prone with their feet hanging off the end of the bed b) both the symptomatic and asymptomatic achilles tendon should be scanned for comparison c) the entire tendon should be evaluated in sagittal and transverse planes d) the PT is scanned standing with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

d) the PT is scanned standing with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

What is the most likely cause of hip joint effusion in infants ? a) tendonitis b) bursitis c) developmenal hip dyplasia d) transient synovitis

d) transient synovitis

Tendons sonographically appear as: a ) echogenic fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone b) echogenic fibrous structures connecting bone to bone c) hypoechoic linear arrangements within hyperechoic tissue d) hyperechoic tissue that contains linear echogenic strands

a) echogenic fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone

A partial tear of a tendon sonographically appears as : a) focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon b) a focal echogenic area area within the tendon c) a diffusely heterogenous area within the tendon d) edema and refractive shadowing in the area of the divided tendon

a) focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

Which of the following is also referred to as a bible bump? a) ganglion cyst b) superficial endodermal cyst c) superficial epidermal cyst d) epidermoid

a) ganglion cyst (people sometimes smack them with heavy bibles to pop them)

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except : a) a ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between the tarsals b) ganglion cysts typically appear sonographically as an incompressible anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement c) clinically ganglion cysts may be hard to touch and painful d) ganglion cysts are often treated with an injection of corticosteroids

a) ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between the tarsals (because it's not a MASS)

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except: a) hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue b) isoechoic to the surrounding tissue c) hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue d) anechoic to the surrounding tissue

d) anechoic to the surrounding tissue

A patient presents with a palpable oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft. What is the most likely etiology of this mass? a) pannus cyst b) epidermoid c) hemangioma d) pilonidal cyst

d) pilonidal cyst

Acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at edge of curved reflector is referred to as: a) mirror image artifact b) indirect artifact c) reflective shadowing d) refractive shadowing

d) refractive shadowing

A PT presents to the sonography department with a history of cellulitis on his abdomen. The patient has fever, edema, and complains of focal tenderness in a specific regions affected by the cellulitis. Sonographically you identify a localized complex collection of fluid. What is most likely the diagnosis? a) superficial hemangioma b) subcutaneous carcinoma c) mastitis d) superficial abscess

d) superficial abscess

Which of the following is true about patients with a lipoma ? a) they often complain of pain in the area of the mass b) they are often obese c) they are only slightly tender in the area of the mass d) they feel no pain in the area of the mass

d) they feel no pain in the area of the mass

Which of the following techniques is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles? a) graf b) ortolani c) barlow d) thompson

a) graf

Which of the following transducers would be best suited to sonographically assess for a splinter in a patients hand? a) high freq linear array transducer b) low freq curved array transducer c) high freq sector transducer d) low freq linear array transducer

a) high freq linear array transducer

Which of the following best describes the most common sonographic appearance of gynecomastia? a) hypoechoic, retroareolar mass b) hyperechoic, exophytic mass c) anechoic, retroareolar mass d) hyperechoic, exophytic mass

a) hypoechoic, retroareolar mass

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except: a) most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic b) a linear array transducer should be used c) most foreign bodies are better visualized using a standoff pad d) comet tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects

a) most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

Inflammation of the breast that is related to pregnancy is referred to as : a) puerperal mastitis b) retromammary mastitis c) chronic mastitis d) emphysematous mastitis

a) puerperal mastitis

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? a) the calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon b) the calf is squezed and the foot should not plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon c) The achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a PT who does not have a complete tear in the achilles tendon d) The achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should not plantarflex in a PT who does not have a complete tear in the achilles tendon

a) the calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon

Bullets shrapnel and other metallic object may cause a) acoustic enhancement b) comet tail artifact c) edge enhancement d) mirror image artifact

b) comet tail artifact

Subluxation denotes: a) synovial joint obstruction b) partial hip dislocation c) rupture of the bursa d) inflammation of the acetabulum

b) partial hip dislocation

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? a) the patient lies prone and performs plantarflexion b) the patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed c) the patient lies supine and performs plantarflexion d) the patient lies prone and performs dorsiflexion

b) the patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a : a) hemangioma b) lipoma c) baker cyst d) ganglion cyst

c) baker cyst

A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the: a) baker cyst b) thompson cyst c) ganglion cyst d) lipoma

c) ganglion cyst