ARS 101 Test 2

Hades Abducting Persephone (painting)

1) Author: Vergina 2) Late Classical Period 3) Location: Tomb in Macedonia 4) Mother mourns her loss, when goddess of crops dies the crops die 5) She eats pomegranate seeds so she must live with Hades for 6 months of the year and 6 months with her mother 6) 3 dimensional painting

Greeks and Persian Wars

1) Battle of Marathon 490 BC 2) Athens sacked 480 BC 3) Battles Salamis and Plataea (defeat of Persians) 480-479 BC 4) Delian League 5) Rise of Perikles (Delian League funds moved to Athens) 6) Rebuilding of Acropolis

Minoans

1) Centered in Crete 2) Sir Arthur Evans: Looked for seal stones (1900's), responsible for uncovering these people, finds a palace and began to reconstruct.

Warrior A from Riace

1) Classical Period 2) Found in sea 3) Since it was in the sea for hundred of years it corroded

Zeus from Cape Artemision

1) Classical Period 2) Medium: bronze 3) Bronze sculptures are less likely to break 4) the sculpture was found in the sea

Artemis and Apollo slaying the children of Niobe

1) Classical Period 2) Red Figure 3) Mortal woman brags that she has more children than mother of Artemis/Apollos 4) Punished by the Gods

Bronze Age Civilizations

1) Cycladic (Cycladic islands) 2) Minoan (Legendary King Minos) 3) Mycenaean (City of Mycenae)

Comparison of human form

1) Dark vs. light skin 2) Small heads w/ large eyes 3) Very crude imagery due to Dark Age Period 4) Desire to illustrate myth and focus on human form

Mycenaeans

1) Discovered first by Schliemann in Troy, obsessed with Homer and everything Greek 2) Discovers "The Trojan Gold", at Museum in Berlin, but lost after WWII 3) Then travels to Mycenae, digs at citadel

Bronze Age(Aegeon)

1) Early Bronze Age 3000-2000 BC 2) Middle Bronze Age 2000-1600 BC 3) Late Bronze Age 1600-1100 BC

Mycenaeans Architecture

1) Fortification walls, towers made of store 2) Raised up palace 3) More warrior like unlike the Minoans 4) Thought the race of giants built tunnels because no one could lift stone

Geometric Period and Orientalizing Period

1) Geometric style vases 2) Vase used in funerary context, placed on the grave of the deceased 3) Holes in bottom of vase, liquid offering poured in vase

Hellenistic Period

1) Greek culture spreads 2) More intense compositions, and dramatic 3) Indication of age

The Archaic Period (600-480 BC)

1) Greeks learned monumental structure from Egyptians 2)Starts out very similar in characteristics -Left foot forward -Idealized body -Stiff 3) Differences -Nudity, center of Greek art -Freestanding, freeing body from block of stone -Interested in bones/muscles because of details in sculpture "patella"

Nike of the Samothrace

1) Hellenistic Period 2) Winged goddess of victory, usually associated w/ Athena 3) Sharp drapery "Wet t-shirt look" blowing back in all directions

Homer and the Bronze Age

1) Homer: 8th century BC 2) Very connected with this age 3) Combination of orally transmitted stories left over from the Bronze Age and visible remains of Minoan and Mycenaean civilization

The Classical Period

1) Human positioned more realistically 2) Not idealized body form 3) Lots of searching and experimenting with movement/life

New York Kouros

1) Kouros: Young man 2) Archaic Period 3) Grave makers, also in shrines and sanctuaries as votive figure 4) Much more realism in eyes, cheek, and chin 5) A little awkwardness still, especially in mouth 7) Try to just show muscles as they project from skin 8) Left foot still a little forward, a little stiff still 9) Nude male form

Minoan Painting

1) Lighter skin color, natural movement, more human

Parthenon and Plan

1) Location: Athens 2) Classical Period

Temple of Artemis

1) Location: Corfu 2) Archaic Period 3) Lots of sculpture on pediment 4) West pediment - Gorgon Medusa 5) Medusa has her head still 6) Protecting temple or "apotropaic" using something evil to deter people form entering or disrupting temple 7) Artemis equated w/ the hunt and animals 8) Issue for sculpture because there is limited space, hard not to change proportion and fill up space at the same time

Olpe from Corinth

1) Location: Corinth 2) Orientalizing Period 3) A lot of curved lines instead of geometric figures

Peplos Kore

1) Archaic Period 2) Kore: young women 3) Peplos is wearing long garment 4) Almost all painted 5) Pattern in hair is the same as males, same smile "archaic smile" 6) No indication of body under peplos 7) Funerary

Aphrodite of Knidos

1) Artist: Praxiteles 2) Late Classical Period 3) Responsible for first monumental sculpture of female nude

Laocoon

1) Author: Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros 2) Hellenistic Period 3) Priest of God Apollo 4) Hair is more detailed, movement, facial expression

Death of Sarpedon

1) Author: Euphronios 2) Archaic Period 3) Sarpedon is the son of Zeus 4) Gods come to help Trojans during war 5) Red Figure 6) Foreshortening of leg, going back into space

Achilles and Ajax Playing a Game

1) Author: Exekias 2) Archaic Period 3) Artist comes up with story of Trojan War that is their own 4) Very detailed cloaks and armor, ready for battle at all times 5) Black figure

Apoxymenos (Scraper)

1) Author: Lysippos 2) Late Classical Period 3) Change of proportion, slimmer taller 4) Breaking out into viewers space w/ extended arm

Weary Herakles

1) Author: Lysippos 2) Late Classical Period 3) He looks weary because of his pose

Diskobolos

1) Author: Myron 2) Classical Period 3) Muscles are tense, evidence that artists observed human action

Athena Parthenos

1) Author: Phidias 2) Classical Period 3) Parthenos means "maiden" or "virgin" 4) Persians comquer much land -Ionian Greeks - subjects of Persia 5) Doric temple

Doryphorus (Spearbearer)

1) Author: Polykleitos 2) Classical Period 3) Central focus on young athletic male 4) Shifting of weight is portrayed

Hermes and the Infant Dionysos

1) Author: Praxiteles 2) Late Classical Period

Palace of Minos

1) Location: Crete 2) Bronze Age 3) columns are made of wood 4) Fresco painting on wall 5) No fortification 6) Peaceful people 7) Sir Arthur Evans discovers Minoans

Treasury of the Siphnians

1) Location: Delphi 2) Archaic Period 3) Called a treasury because offerings for the Gods are brought 4) Votive offerings 5) So many accumulate over the years in temples there is not enough room 6) Smaller treasury 7) On Pediment: Episodes, Gods/Goddesses, Trojan War -Battle of the Gods and the Giants -Giants must be defeated before Zeus can rule -Athena featured, important because associated with Apollo and Delphi -Giants are the same size of Gods so the Gods wouldn't look smaller

Lion Gate

1) Location: Mycenae 2) Bronze Age 3) Gateway that leads up to citadel 4) Features two lions missing heads w/ paws on Minoan pillar

Inlaid Dagger

1) Location: Mycenae 2) Bronze Age 3) Humans attacking lion "prevailing against enemies" 4) Gold and silver theme 5) Shield is in figure eight "mentioned by Homer" 6) Warface, scene of hunting

Reconstruction Altar of Zeus

1) Location: Permagon (Berlin) 2) Hellenistic Period 3) Athena Battling the Giants -Medusa is dead -Mother Earth is emerging from the ground -Fine detail, carved deeper into the stone -You can see their facial expressions

Atlas Bringing Herakles the Apples of the Hesperides

1) Location: Temple of Zeus at Olympia (metope) 2) Classical Period 3) Hesperides are daughters of the night guarding golden apples 4) Monstrous serpent that guards tree and daughter 5) Atlas had to hold the sky up, punishment for offending Zeus 6) Atlas gets apples for Herakles while he holds sky up 7) Story comes from 12 labors

Mycenaean Art

1) Lots of armor and weaponry 2) Gold and silver 3) Lion theme 4) Warlike

Late Classical Period

1) More able to form 2 dimensional objects 2) Muscles in proportion

Minoan Pottery

1) Nature theme, very organic 2) Curved lines, flowing lines 3) Leaves, the sea, surrounded by ocean 4) Art does not tell a story, no writing, no kings 5) More decoration 6) Dominant bull imagery

Herakles and Cerberus

1) Archaic Period 2) Herakles wears Lion as helmet 3) Must go down to Haites in Underworld and bring back 3-headed dog "Cerberus" 4) Different heads for Cerberus to help distinguish between heads 5) Herakles has white skin, unusual

Anavysos Kouros

1) Archaic Period 2) "Stop and grieve at the tomb of the dead Kroisos slain by wild Ares in the front rank of battle." 3) Invitation for people to stop and grieve, give offering, way to gather people to tomb

Funerary Krater from Dipylon

1) "Horror of blank spaces" everything Is filled in 2) Geometric Period, patterns are geometric 3) First register -Funerary procession -Deceased enlarged laying on table w/ family surrounding 4) Second register -Chariots -Lots of repetition of images

Collapse of Mycenaean Civilization

1) 1200-1100 BC entire Mediterranean culture collapses 2) Loss of literacy, art and architecture, kingship, centralized administration, economic and social systems, "Dark Ages" 3) Greek polis will emerge 900-800 BC

The Twelve Labors of Herakles

1) Always trying to get Heracles killed 2) Heracles kills wife and child on accident 3) Must do 12 labors, killing of Nemian Lion most popular

Greek Architecture

1) Post and lintel system -Posts must be close together otherwise structure will collapse -No writing on posts 2) Floor plan -Pronaos, front porch w/ two columns -Naos, cult statue was housed -Back porch w/ two columns 3) Doric Order -Column rests on stylobate, capital is very plane -Frieze contains: Triglyphs (grooved lines), and blanks space called metope 4) Ionic Order -Elaborate capital -Frieze left blank

Linear A and B

1) Two texts, B was deciphered, Pre-Greek language 2) Tells us they were a literate society

Geography of Greece

1) Very mountainous and lots of water, which allowed trade, communication, and travel so isolated cities form 2) Not a united people 3) Magna Graecia, 8th c. colonies

Greek Mythology

1) When they cut off Medusa's head she gives birth to "Pegasus" and "Sayer" 2) Experimented with human form and way to tell stories 3) Favorite myth was killing of Medusa 4) Very elastic, fluid, ever-changing

Story of King Minos

1) Wife gives birth to "Minotaur" (half bull, half human) 2) Puts "Minotaur" in complex labyrinth (a place with a lot of crisscrossing or complicated passages, tunnels, or paths in which it would be easy to become lost)

Chronology

1)Minoan 2) Mycenaean 3) Dark Ages 4) Geometric Period 5) Orientalizing Period 6) Archaic Period 7) Classical Period 8) Hellenistic Period