Art 100 Unit 1 (chapt. 1-4)

Examples of using real light

Candle illuminating a sculpture Sculpture light by artificial light

By using vertical and diagonal lines, what can an artist accomplish?

Create movement Direct the viewer's attention

Jenifer Steinkamp uses time and motion in what ways in her piece Dervish?

Created a digital animation of trees that change on cue Allowed the actions of the viewer to effect the sequence of the video

Which are reasons early man may have created art?

Desire to communicate Desire to create meaningful order Explore the limits of the raw materials used

Variety adds what aspects to an image?

Difference Interest

What makes Francisco de Goya's Saturn Devouring One of His Children difficult to appreciate it for its formal qualities?

Effort has been made to create a horrifying scene.

What is a key characteristic of nonrepresentational art?

Emphasis on formal qualities

How do most artists use color theories to their advantage?

Control how colors interact

Which descriptions are examples of rhythm?

Two shapes painted the same color in an organized way. The same shape painted alternating colors across a line.

What are the principles of design?

Unity and variety Proportion and scale Balance

What does the repetition of certain elements in a work of art provide?

Unity within the design

Look at this image. What does Gijsbrechts do in Trompe l'oeil with Studio Wall and Vanitas Still-Life to create visual texture?

Use implied light Mimic wood texture using paint

How is Robert Rauschenberg's Windward able to communicate the location depicted?

Use of symbols shared by a specific society and culture

Anish Kapoor makes the viewer aware of the space Cloud Gate occupies in what ways?

Viewer's can walk under the piece. People can touch the piece. Surrounding space is reflected.

What is used to make a symmetrical composition if it does not possess absolute symmetry?

Visual weight

Admiring an object based on its formal qualities rather than its functionality is known as what kind of contemplation?

disinterested

cabbage leaf

disinterested contemplation

True or false: All representational art is naturalistic.

false

True or false: Using the central axis determines if a piece is asymmetrically balanced.

false

Look at this image. According to Egyptian belief systems, what happens in the afterlife?

Life continues as usual.

Value is related to what color property?

Lightness and darkness

By creating precious items from the blocks of lard and chocolate, Janine Antoni causes the viewer to do what?

Link the cultural expectations of the items to their raw form

Suggested by the nature of perception, what is the key to looking at art?

Being aware of what may be influencing what we are looking at

How can an everyday object be distinguished from similar objects?

By adding a unique mark

Which work is described as having a monochromatic color scheme?

Chanter

Linear perspective was often used with what technique to create depth on a picture plane?

Chiaroscuro

What do trained artists generally do to create a composition?

Combine experience with an understanding of the elements and principles of design

The lines that establish the outside borders of a three-dimensional form are what kind of lines?

Contour Lines

What principle of design was essential to Ansel Adams's compositions in his photographs?

rhythm

Which principle applies when elements create a pattern in a work of art?

rhythm

When a set of traits or style is associated with a particular group of artists, the group is known as ______.

school

When we focus on the visual information we need in daily life and relegate the remaining information to the background, what are we practicing?

selective perception

A line that occupies a surface area with identifiable boundaries is called ______.

shape

Which are aspects of form?

shape, color

Society views artists as ______.

specialists

Which statement best describes the performance of Joseph Beuys' How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare?

spiritual political

What implies to the viewer that Robert Rauschenberg is using New York as his subject in the work Windward?

statue of liberty

According to one theory, what distinguishes artists from other "skillful makers"?

style

True or false: Haruko Kojin's Reflectwo creates symmetrical balance through the use of floating fabric flower petals.

true

According to some theories what formal qualities contribute to the perception of beauty?

symmetry, pure colors, simple geometric shapes

Look at this image. What makes the Transcendent Buddhas recognizable from other buddhas?

the clothing worn

When an artists adds a hue to white to get a lighter color, the value created is known as ______.

tint

Look at this image. What is significant about the raised hoof of the horse Marcus Aurelius rides?

A fallen enemy was originally located beneath.

Which are types of texture?

Actual Visual Pattern

Why is the Buddha considered to have conventions of iconography?

Established styles have been passed down for centuries.

What happens when gray is added to a hue?

Intensity lowers.

How does the knowledge of the elements and principles of design inform the viewer?

It allows the viewer to appreciate the act of seeing a work of art.

Why does William Hogarth use iconography in The Harlot's Progress?

It assists viewers in understanding the narrative.

What is a kinetic work of art?

It features one or more moving parts.

The use of columns and arches in the Great Mosque allows for what kind of space?

Open space for large groups to worship

What does symmetry in art often represent?

Order, harmony, and authority

Which line type indicates the outer edge of a shape?

Outline

How can linear perspective be easily recognized in an image?

Parallel lines converge at a central point.

What can an artist use to create an afterimage?

Place complementary colors of the same value in a composition

The human brain responds to color in what ways?

Psychologically Physiologically Emotionally

Where did Henri Rousseau draw inspiration for his vibrant jungle scenes?

Reading materials, local museums, and zoos

Look at this image. What Gestalt theory explains why the viewer sees a triangle?

Reification

Who used the golden section?

Renaissance architects and artists

What interacts with other visual elements of an artwork to give them definition?

Space

How did linear perspective change the artist's view on a picture plane?

The picture plane was seen as a window for the viewer.

Why is the principle of variety used?

To provide interest in the image

In an architectural interiors, what provides the boundaries for space?

Walls

Art that simplifies forms of the visible world is known as ______.

abstract

What makes Janine Antoni's Gnaw unique compared to other sculptural pieces?

artist used her mouth

Look at this image. What kind of balance is used in Edgar Degas's Before the Ballet?

asymmetrical

Look at this image. How does the artist create contrasting texture in this work?

by leaving some rough areas

An artwork that is unified through ideas is called ______ unity.

conceptual

What principle of design refers to the size of an object in relation to a standard or expected size?

scale

Which characteristics are needed to create unity and variety?

wholeness diversity interest

For what reasons was the Sainte-Chapelle was commissioned in 1239 by the French king Louis IX?

To house his important collection of religious relics

For what reasons does Leonardo da Vinci uses linear perspective in The Last Supper?

To imply radiating lines coming from Jesus To guide the viewer to the center of the composition

What important characteristic is missing from Jeff Wall's A sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai)?

A mountain

What kind of planning did Maya Lin do for the design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial?

A process of research, contemplation, and intuition

Why does the creative journey behind many works of art remain a mystery?

Access to the process behind a finished product is hidden.

Which are types of space?

Actual Implied

What is significant about Judith Baca's use of a drainage canal for Great Wall of Los Angeles?

Although public, it received little attention just as the history of certain populations in the area.

How did Spiral Jetty creator Robert Smithson think artists could impact the natural world?

Artists could shape the landscape like a geological force.

What do the vanitas paintings of Audrey Flack and Juan de Valdes illustrate?

Artists provide clues to the interpretation of their work.

Although the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was created to commemorate an event, what other purpose does it serve?

As a gathering place for humans

Which aspects best describes the additive color mixing process?

Associated with film and video Can create lighter hues

Which aspects best describes the subtractive color mixing process?

Associated with pigment mixing Can create dull hues

What challenges did Ansel Adams face when creating his pieces?

Finding locations that captured scale and rhythm

Look at this image. What does the patterns used in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait do to the image?

Flatten

By creating a simple design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, what does Maya Lin allow the viewer to do?

Focus and contemplate the names on the wall

When choosing his landscapes what did Ansel Adams attempt to do with his photographs?

Focus on the subject

A cube, a pyramid, and a circle are examples of what kind of shapes and masses?

Geometric

Mixing pigments that are complementary on the color wheel will produce what color?

Grayish brown

Which of the following was created for a large group to worship in?

Great Mosque

How does Jean-Antoine Watteau use implied line in the work The Embarkation for Cythera?

He guides the viewer from one side of the canvas to the other.

Look at this image. What does Edvard Munch do to create the stressful, chaotic emotions in his work The Scream?

He uses diagonals, swirls, and contrasting colors.

Wang Jian gives the viewer an aerial view in White Clouds over Xiao and Xiang for what purpose?

He wants the viewer to travel through the landscape mentally.

Despite not knowing who are in the portraits, Boltanski's Altar to the Chases High School evokes what event?

Holocaust

How did Frank Henderson prevent the loss of Arapaho nomadic culture when they are forced onto reservations?

Images normally recorded on animal skins were recorded in ledgers.

In what ways does The Garden of Earthly Delights demonstrate Bosch's unique innovation?

Imaginative interpretations of textual sources Depictions of otherworldly plants and animals Landscapes filled with unknown plants

What kind of line, though perceived by the viewer, is not explicitly depicted?

Implied

What type of line is created by strategic placement of objects and elements to guide the viewer's attention?

Implied

How does Raphael create unity in the work The Madonna of the Meadows?

Implied Shape

Look at this image. In Francisco de Goya's painting Executions of the Third of May, 1808, how is emphasis on the main figure created?

Implied light and directional line

Look at this image. The bodhisattvas in the Transcendent Buddhas gives tangible form to what?

Indian princes worshiping the Buddha

Which are color properties?

Intensity Hue Value

How does Johannes Vermeer's painting Woman Holding a Balance depict the theme of the human experience?

It deals with issues of temptation and self-knowledge.

Look at this image. Why is the statue of Marcus Aurelius a political piece of art?

It depicts the emperor as he wanted to be portrayed.

Which characteristics best describe an implied line?

It directs the viewer's eye without explicitly depicting a line. It's an imaginary line that a viewer uses to follow the gaze of a figure.

Look at this image. How does pattern affect some of the visual elements present in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait?

It distorts or obliterates the mass of the objects.

How is a contour line different from an outline?

It traces the boundaries of an object.

Look at this image. Exemplified in Leonardo da Vinci's drawing The Virgin and Saint Anne with the Christ Child and John the Baptist, chiaroscuro is what type of value technique?

Modeling

Meta Warrick Fuller's pieces were often about what subject?

Reconnecting African-Americans to their lost ancestors

How can the principle of rhythm be identified?

Repetition of elements in a composition

Look at this image. In what ways does Santiago Calatrava use rhythm in his piece Wave?

Rhythm is created through the use of sound when the piece moves. The reflection of the wave is shown in the water. The use of line and motion recreates the motion of ocean waves.

Piranesi used his imagination and what other source to create his print series Il Carceri (The Prison)?

Roman justice systems

The artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen are known for their huge sculptures which play with what concept?

Scale

Look at this image. By using various dark values in the foreground and limiting the lighter values in the background, The Banjo Lesson presents what characteristics?

Subordination of the table cloth and pitcher Emphasis on the young boy and older man

Look at this image. What did Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Human Proportions According to Vitruvius intend to illustrate?

The ancient idea of perfect human proportions

In what ways does Jean-Antoine Watteau control the narration of The Embarkation for Cythera with implied lines?

The arms of Venus point to the seated couple. Certain figures gaze in particular directions.

Meta Warrick Fuller tries to depict what in Talking Skull?

The desire to reclaim and communicate with ancestors

The work Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk gives viewers a glimpse into what aspect of daily life?

The domestic duties of court ladies

How does Thomas Cole portray man's relationship with nature in The Oxbow?

The human activities near the river revel the coexistence of man and nature.

Look at this image. In what ways did the Benin in Africa use hierarchal scale?

The larger figure is the king and placed higher. The size of the king's head is proportionally larger than the servants. The smaller figures at the king's attendants.

What makes the kente an extraordinary version of an ordinary object?

The patterns signify status.

Without the title, how does Louise Bourgeois ensure that the viewer is able to interpret Woman with Package?

The piece is grouped with similar sculptures from the series.

In what ways are the palette for an artist considered?

The surface used to mix colors A select set of colors an artist is using

How can an asymmetrical composition look balanced?

The visual weight on each side is similar.

To understand Jeff Wall's A Sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai), the viewer must be familiar with what?

The work of art that inspired it

Look at this image. How does the work Dormiente create visual texture?

Through the viewer's experience with similar textures

Abbott McNiell Whistler uses rhythm in his etching Billingsgate for what purpose?

To unify the various elements

In Georges de la Tour's painting The Magdalen with Smoking Flame, why does the artist subordinate the symbolic objects?

To allow for thoughtful examination of the symbolic objects To place emphasis on the figure of Mary's upper torso

Look at this image. Jacques Callot's gestural drawing of a horse uses contour lines to do what?

To capture the form of the horse

Look at this image. The stone and gravel garden in Kyoto, Japan uses natural materials for what purpose?

To create a tranquil setting for the viewer to appreciate

How is the representation of light used in two-dimensional works of art?

To create visual mass

Why would an artist subordinate some parts of a composition?

To draw attention to the areas of emphasis

Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson uses emphasis and subordination for what purpose?

To emphasize figures against the background To place emphasis on the banjo and the boy

The ability to switch back and forth between generating ideas and analyzing ideas is a key to the what process?

creative

The perpendicular layering of closely spaced lines over one another to simulate areas of dark or shadow is defined as ______.

cross-hatching

The identification, description, and interpretation of background information related to the subject matter of a work of art is known as ______.

iconography

What approaches does Georges de la Tour use to create emphasis in The Magdalen with Smoking Flame?

line light

How can Käthe Kollwitz's Woman with Dead Child be considered beautiful despite its choice of subject matter?

line work

Compositions composed of a single hue in different values and intensity are classified as ______.

monochromatic

Representational art that records the true texture, color and actual lighting of materials is known as ______.

naturalistic

creative people are

original, flexible,sensitive

In an additive color mixing process of light, red, green, and blue combine to create ______.

white

Theater combines red, blue, and green lights to create what color?

white

What are ways to create an asymmetrical composition?

Contrasting color values on the same size forms. A simple form balanced with a complex form. Smaller elements balanced with a large form.

For special events, artists are often called on to do what?

Create a work that honors the event

How does James Abbott McNeill Whistler keeps the rhythm from appearing lifeless in Billingsgate?

He varies the angles the masts lay.

Why do we now consider James Hampton's Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly a work of art?

It has a unique visual expression.

What techniques did Maya Lin use to design the Vietnam Veterans Memorial as a place for people to contemplate and remember?

It is set inside a hill like ancient tombs She tapered a V-shaped walkway and granite. The stone is polished to the point of being a mirror.

What made Piranesi's Il Carceri (The Prison) unique during its time?

It was created during a time when rationale and science influenced art.

What might be the reason Rodin used marble for The Kiss?

It was typical to use marble

What makes art made from surrounding natural materials unique?

It's created with the understanding it will change appearance.

What Christian idea does Johannes Vermeer's painting Woman Holding a Balance represent?

Last Judgement

What does Mona Hatoum consider when viewers encounter the work Dormiente?

Viewers will project their own encounters of similar texture

In what ways does nonobjective art differ from abstract art?

Visual elements are central to what is represented. It avoids depicting a visual relationship to the visible world.

How is texture experienced when it is first encountered?

Visually

To understand art, we must consider the ______ conditions that give rise to art.

cultural

True or false: The role of art and understanding of its role in society have been consistent throughout history.

false

Why did Louise Bourgeois avoid representational works that were naturalistic?

focus on emotions

The structural composition of a work of art is known as ______.

form

In many cultures, the presence of halos around a figure's head indicates ______.

holiness

Art that decried any use of the visible world as a starting point was know as what kind of art?

nonrepresentational

Beauty and art were discussed together during the 18th century because both were believed to provide ______.

pleasure

To create visual mass in a two-dimensional image, artist will use what kind of light?

representational

What is the technique that best describes the foundation on which western art was built from the Renaissance to the 20th century

representational

How can meaning be found for works that are difficult to interpret?

research