Art 106 Midterm

Willem claesz Heda Banquet Piece with Mince Pie, 1635

"Vanitas" moralizing function Candle has been snuffed out, life eventually will end (skull is often depicted) The meal has already happened, it is in the past, worldly goods will not last forever. Introspection from viewers. Celebrated artists' own technical achievements Ability to show varied textures and entice the viewer Passage of time, transience of life Dutch cities as emporium from cities around world since goods came from all over, still lifes feature these exotic things 17th century painters picked a specific genre of specialty Still-life painting Dutch east and west india companies Cartography in 17th century (1600s) Creating new maps from merchant information Still Life as celebration of all innovation of the times Artists sending views from brazil, documenting "exotic" plants and animals

Royal academy of painting and sculpture at the louvre Hierarchy of the genres (officially assigned values)

1) history painting Far above the rest Given the right to teach at the academy and have a studio at the academy 2) portraiture 3) genre paintings (of everyday life) 4) landscape Pretty low down on the hierarchy 17th century dutch celebrated but now considered lesser 5) still life Boooooo Can't compete with human beings

Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825), French The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons, 1789 (Paris, Louvre)

1789, the lictors bring to brutus the bodies of his sons Lucius junios brutus Tarquin Lucretia Camilla slept with the enemy, brutus deep in thought lifts head off of hand as he hears commotion of sons' bodies. He ordered his sons to be executed One daughter reacts with her hands, one covers face with garment Divided along gender lines and stereotypes Stagelike space with columns instead of arches

baroque

17th century, originated in italy, post renaissance Imperfect art, undulating buildings, twisting columns, deviant art 17th century art characterized by drama, movement, emotion

Edgar Degas (1834-1917), French The Ballet Class of Monsieur Perrot, 1871-1874 (Paris, Musée d'Orsay)

1871-1874 The ballet class of Monsieur Perrot Famous dancer turned choreographer Mothers in the background Behind the scenes of ballerinas Fidgety girls, one awkwardly reaches up to scratch upper middle back One and only one actual moment of dancing Girl eye to eye with instructor, awaiting his critique Upstaged by girl scratching her back and other girl watching Set apart by maintenance of really solid drawing Narrative on class Dancers were poor, were paid a modeling fee Mid century nearly half of ballet dancers were daughters of single mothers Wealthy men in back halls and dressing rooms EW Financiers funded productions and operations Men would help with the family finances (Abonnes)

Nicolas Poussin (1594 - 1665) Abduction of the Sabine Women (1633-1634)

Abduction of the sabine women 1633-1634 Babies on the ground Historicized rape scene Triangular forms Like raphael's madonna of the Meadow Primary colors also similar to raphael Three unities: time, place, and action Place: Capitoline hill, action: focused on one action Classicizing qualities Stoic, prepressed. Cool. organized chaos Arms raised at same diagonal, steady rhythm across the canvas Emotionally charged Licked (no brushstrokes) Academic (compared to modernism) Prescribed guidelines for "expressive heads"

After Gu Hongzhong (ca. 910-980) The Night Entertainments of Han Xizai, hand scroll, ink and color on silk, 12th -13th century (Beijing, Palace Museum)

After gu hongzhong (c. 910, 980), the night entertainments of han xizai, 12th - 13th century Love lives of scholars From impoverished families to elite cultural circles. This official had a bad reputation. Frequently hosted wild parties. Artist ordered to document wild parties (banquet at minister's home) in hand scroll paintings). To be unrolled section by section Minister seated upright on couch, guests on chairs except for honored guest. Captivated by instrument player. Blanket sensors what is happening in the next room. Dancing girl rendered smaller than male audiencee. Then next scene half time break. No guests een, but blanket till on bed. Music is focus of next scene again. "They must have gotten drunk and lost control of themselves" minister was good (pretended to be unambitious womanizer), emperor was incompetent. Tune your inner self and world to nature Minister washing hands. Are they discussing how to deceive guests? Solitude was ideal way of life in ideal location of nature, fisherman serving as the ideal. Did the emperor see through the ministers disguise? Unknown. Soon after minister's death country lost to northern invaders. Minister portrayed as kind and generous to girls but we don't know how they felt

Peter paul rubens, the garden of love, 1635 (madrid, Prado)

Allegory of conjugal love and happiness Venus fountain Three naked women as erotic feminine subjects Pair on the left is rubens and second wife (?) Historical, religious, now SECULAR allegorical paintings

Johannes vermeer THE GIRL WITH THE PEARL EARRING 1665

Allegory of painting Puzzles scholars ! Unidentifiable clothing and such Unconventional clothes, primary colors, shot of changing colors as attributes of pictura Earring Chiaroscuro on a small and large scale Earring has intense light and dark Tenebrism with caravaggio, woman emerges from the darkness

Chinese traditional style vs. sogdian style brocades

Chinese favored organic patterns repeating motifs Sogdian favored separate geometric units, linked pearl pattern for framing Familiarity with diverse traditions on silk road Sassanian: pearl roundels (traditional motif) Lion hunting kings (traditional motif) Greco-roman: pegasus Chinese: characters Auspicious Generic sign of good will Confucian ideology, symbol of kinship

Peter paul rubens (1577-1640)

Classical education and multiple languages Painter, intellectual, diplomaat, art collector, gentleman with multiple knighthoods Formative period in Italy, 1600 - 1608; inspired by antiquities and contemporary art Perhaps the most sought after painter in Europe Synthesized traditions

Édouard Manet (1832-1883), French The Bar at the Folies-Bergère , 1881-1882 (London, Courtauld Institute Galleries)

Aloof yet direct stare Similar cabaret social space to moulin rouge Pickup scene Is she or isnt she syndrome Is she or isnt she a prostitute Low income women workers need additional money to eat and pay the bills. Wealthy male customers did not just go for the performance. Performance reduced to inconsequential fragmented trapeze act She is in front of a mirror, surrounded by her goods Combination of portraiture and still life Reflection of barmaid's back as she talks to a customer. another woman? in the wrong place. However then manet could not play the game and make the social commentary Not the background but the representation of an imaginary foreground Man with money face to face with woman. WE are the man with money, positions him where we should be. Enforces universal male gaze, forced upon female viewers. Trained with conservative teacher. Problem with reflection is not a mistake Look at the sketch! Closer to where it "should be", eyes look off to the side. Overtly toying with relationship between viewer and art. Us and barmaid, available for purchase by us as consumers. LOADED with social commentary

PPR the triumph of truth over heresy

Another allegorical painting (65 by 90 cm oil sketch to be scaled up as a cartoon and woven as a tapestry). Part of a series of tapestries commissioned by thee archduchess isabella for a convent of poor clares (francisan nuns) in madrid (the triumph of truth over heresy) Artifice -- fictive architecture, fictive tapestry Trampled by truth, triumphant over time, second commandment Truth and father time She points to inscription that says "this is my body" What jesus said at last supper when he held up bread Series of tapestries glorifying catholic dogma Architecturally

St. Peter's basilica

Apostle of christ, first pope Pope julius 2nd tore down existing structure Reconcile facade, urban surroundings Oval piazza, obelisk already there. Visitor in piazza sees two colonaids, drawn into church. Anthropomorphic meaning. Third section never realized, would have further enclosed piazza upon entry Pope sunday at noon address Vatican continues visual messaging, recently added acknowledgement of plight of refugees

Silk Road

Art of immigrants on the silk road Sogdian immigrants only recently caught attention Stone coffins discovered Husband and wife crossing bridge of judgement in afterlife Brocade banner, silk banner, in nara japan, early 7th century CE, Horyuji Temple Brocade fragments with similar patterns found Why would a chinese emperor want to commission work from a sogdian immigrant? 6th / 7th century transitional period from disunion to massive empire, legible to global audience Historical context High point of silk road empire Transformed / impacted chinese culture and art Sogdians entered at this time East iranian people, present day uzbekistan ish Practiced zoroastrianism Influencers on the silk road Elite community that produced these artists and objects, able to build encyclopedic collections Silk was most celebrated ancient product, these brocades were often traded

Diego Velázquez (1599-1660), Spanish Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor)

Artist stands at left, paint brush in hand Two attendants and a dog Bathed in light from right side opening window Dim background of artists studio Most figures gaze straight out of the picture Who and what is the artist painting? On the back wall is mirror, with KING AND QUEEN !!!!!! They're standing just in front of the painting !!!!! Spectator outside myst complete it Is daughter there to amuse them? Velazquez only one who could paint king philip Dog is spanish mastiff, king's favorite hunting dog Figure at bottom right tries to wake up sleeping dog since it is time to go Artist portrays himself as an intimate of the royal family Impasto on her left side suggest light from window Depth of color Different close and far away, must be seen in person Artistic self representation, self portrait. Wears fine clothing in fancy studio, artist as an intellectual Brush as extension of his fingers Distanced himself from crafft tradition, on the same level as poetry Artist as a noble intellectual Propaganda of hegemonic religious and political power, existential emotions King likely accepted it as a gift, artist individual invention in meta painting rather than a commissioned piece, royal portrait, self portrait, and depicting method of production, artist both inside and outside the work, way of seeing and ways of being

Rembrandt 1658 self portrait

Bankrupt two years before this work, inventory of prints and works of art and costumes in his studio sold off. What he chose to wear in his portraits. Painting stick as symbol of leadership After huge rejection of paintings, commission given to other artists (often his own students !) painted in rough style, paint applied thickly

Edgar Degas (1834-1917), French The Tub , 1886 (Paris, Musée d'Orsay)

Bathers in pastel, a series of women washing wiping drying themselves, and combing their hair 1886 the tub All wait on left hand, sponges back of neck with right hand DEGAS INSPIRED BY INGRES Bathing in shallow portable tub, working class (of interest to degas) Viewer has just walked in the door on a very private moment Degas exaggerates pastel lines, bathres have a touchability (yet displayed under glass in museums) Series as a whole, not the idealized and posed venus types, rare to see woman's face. Bathres ar 1 /5 of his output Senseful and respectable depictions of women? OR was he misogynistic ? hard to interpret from artwork alone Is she or isn't she question? Prostitutes? Series of prints as proof? Series of 50 Monotypes based on life in brothels. man watched woman bathe (1877 woman on a cafe most famous scene of prostitutes)

Kyoto, Temple of the Golden Pavilion, 1398 (rebuilt 1955)

Buddhist hall On fire, rebuilt, golden pavilion in kyoto birth , life, rebirth of wooden building as a natural part of passing of time Now we believe time marches forward from past to future with linear progression of history. In east asian tradition history was viewed cyclically Great eastern temple in japan hall Giant buddha statue Tallest ancient structure still standing in the world pagoda from china surviving earthquakes never being rebuilt How did they achieve scale, height, and stability with wood? Bracket system of interlocking brackets in roof rafters Heavier roof = more tightly interlocked Can withstand earthquakes

17th century italy emerged via bernini Fused architecture, urban design, special effects, dazzling ensembles Pitched emotion in stand alone art and also ensembles A bel composto ~ beautiful synthesis Piazza navona rome four rivers fountain

Built over ancient stadium Fountains once supplied romans with drinking, laundry, bathing, etc... ancient rome famous for aqueducts previously , pope wanted to ensure adequate water supply during area of gravity driven hydraulics Rome set world standard of fountain design Acqua vergine aqueduct fed this fountain Received an unprecedented amount of water Bernini not originally commissioned, not favored by pope, impressed pope with model of fountain. Egyptian obelisk, hollow in the center of foreground to show obelisk (symbol of rulership) 4 rivers symbolize four continents, spread of christianity to corners of the world, basin represents oceans. Pagan obelisk -----> representing christianity's spread Personifications of river gods The Ganges of ancient sculpture reactivated in motion, dynamic twisting motions, figures smoother than rocky background. Bernini did not carve all figures himself. Work still attributed to him. Nude on sistine ceiling, borrowed in the fountain as well. Perched precariously on shifting stones, on slippery foot hold Rocky outcropping, represents earth / eden Water as liquid sculpture Urban water theater Known as the most spectacular urban fountain in europe

El Greco [Domenikos Theotokopoulos], Spanish (1541-1614) Burial of the Count of Orgaz ,

Burial of the count of orgaz is his masterpiece Borrows composition of the deposition of christ Hands direct gaze Gestures El greco's sophisticated response to challenges of the time Fictive, fictive, fictive Fictive painting on fictive fabric within a painting Onlookers Men in white collared dark dress Bodies blend together undifferentiated black Favors impossibly crowded immediacy of figures Compelling portraitist Byzintine art Upper part Heaven Christ judgement Left in yellow is saint peter with keys of heaven Greater sense of depth, entangled, confusing, Deposition, departing soul, and last judgement all in one scene St john 5th seal Left figure is saint john, arms wide facing heaven Radical figure style Vision problem? Nope Color, light, movement, flat abstract figures, expressive style

Yu Hong Sarcophagus, 592 CE (Shanxi Museum, Taiyuan, China)

But this banner served as an imperial gift, and was never an item for sale. Integrates royal motifs from 3 major traditions. Persian, budhist, confucian Yu hong sarcophagus, hunting motif symbolized king's power 4 heavenly kings used in reference to four buddhist figures Banner emphasizes link between royal hunting figures and buddhist kings Bodhi tree stands for buddha King under tree symbolizes protection of buddhism 4 heavenly kings made to appear different, Horse men, human figures, etc used to describe them instead. New identity for royal figures / intentional ambiguity? Banner contains 6 principal emblems, partian convergence with persian royal symbols. Can only apply to costumes of chinese emperor, no other person could wear it. Could have been commissioned directly by chinese emperor. Communicates the power and prestige of chinese emperor.

Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894), French Paris Street, Rainy Day, 1877 (Art Institute of Chicago)

Caillebotte's 1848-1894 paris street, rainy day of 1877 at art institute of chicago Urban leisure, act of city strolling Faceless solitary bisected back to us flaneur on the right. He is us. Our guide into the picture. Gaslamp cramps three figures to the right together Exacting perspective roads recede into distance to capture haussmann's wide boulevards Important impressionist painter !!! Work and financial role Quite wealthy Purchased other artist's work Degas Monet Cassat Morrisot Funded exhibitions of impressionists, group shows in studio of photographer (nadar, who photographed baudelaire). Called themselves societe anonyme des artistes . Caillebotte and degas radical Bisected figures on edge of canvas Legs and feet cut off by bottom of canvas Fragmenting is compositionally dramatic Cropping in painting as a regular pictorial gesture of modernism. Camera was readily available as a visual tool at this point, degas was a photographer in his own right. Asymmetrical cropped shot as the quick camera snapshot of life BUT in a painting AND to dismiss that theory the cameras of this time were CLUNKY and this was NOT the traditional painting imitation aesthetic of this time. O.g. rejlander The Two Ways of Life 1857 shows photography as painting. So cool. Both are speedy recording of vision, both born of modern mindset. Trains and electric lighting born of this mindset too. Camera would not aknowledge what there painters already did: the world is not arranged, so why would art follow this? Impressionism is a time based style, transient pictorial reality, blink of the painter's eye Paris haussmannization !!! rebuilding paris in 1860 Arc de triomphe at center, eiffel tower doesn't exist yet Traffic circulation of carriages and carts Building barricades during revolution, protected government from this Displaced thousands of poor people The grands boulevards

Francisco de Goya (1746-1828) Spanish The Third of May 1808, 1814 (Madrid, Prado)

Commissioned by spanish crown Line up to be shot down by french troops (represented a dark, faceless, machine) Main figure lit by lantern, cruciform position, stigmata (holes in hands where nailed to cross) Color more than drawing line Visually populist component to the painting Impassioned

Carvaggio, Victorious Cupid

Cupid son of venus in roman mythology Poet virgil "love conquers all, let us yield to love" A picture of a laughing cupid showing his contempt towards the world, already famous during his own lifetime, used as a get out of jail free card. Music represented, architecture, manuscript, quill pen, laurel wreath, all depicted. Cupid as an adolescent boy. Half sitting, half balancing. Left hand concealed behind back, hiding something from viewer. Alludes to wounds of love? Large wings. Cheeky, teasingly erotic, homoerotic, aggressivly naked. Focus on genitals via light and wing pointing. Leering expression mocks viewer, daring to look away. Rendered with intense realism instead of otherworldly... jarring and typical of caravaggio. Hung in gallery at the end of gallery, covered with dark green cloth, only shown after other paintings were seen, dramatic reveal of culmination of long, grand gallery, to not detract from other works. Rise of independent works of painting compared to ensembles of renaissance (which also continued to be produced). This piece was a stand alone work, created expressly for the content for a gallery (or collector) mobility of works of art. More 17th century works in today's museums compared to earlier paintings.

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780-1867), French Jupiter and Thetis, 1811 (Aix-en-Provence, Musée Granet)

Delacroix Most famous pupil was jean-auguste-dominique ingres Achilles conflict Agamemnon = trojan war Juno = jupiter's wife, looking on from the clouds Relief carving on throne reminiscent of 166-156 BCE altar of Zeus at Pergamon Curving, serpentine, undulating line of female body vs strong steadfast male body Waist and butt are a little off, idiosyncratic signature trait Odalisque with slave 1839-40 similarly themed Female sex slave in harem Orientalism (study of muslim / middle eastern cultures) until edwin sayed at columbia... study of muslim and or middle eastern cultures through a western imperialist lens Ingres never visited these countries, he paints as if he had studied and researched with archaeological accuracy White european male fantasies Female bodies in this painting and 1814 grand odalisque Engrained prejudiced ideals dictate assumed taste of assumed viewer. Appeal of orient? Must edit and ethnically alter the women.

Anthony van Dyck Self portrait from age 20 in 1620-21

Delicate fingers Soft silk garment created in a few simple brush strokes

Peter Paul rubens, Raising of the cross, 1610-1611

Diagonal composition Idealized human body Twisting poses 15 by 20 feet Spectacle and theatricality 8 of 9 figures do not look at christ, one that is is perhaps a self portrait of rubens (longines was saved and converted for recognizing jesus as the savior) Contrasts between light and dark Mary, st john the evangelist his closest follower Emblematic of reubens inventive thinking Never the raising of the cross before this Why choose this? Strong diagonal Dynamic composition Interest in classical antiquity (spend 8 years in rome and other places) look at laocoon and his sons from first century , he made many drawings of this Look like human bodies not sculptures was his goal Uses this (sense of suffering) as inspiration Also looked at the belvedere torso from 1601-1602 and drew this as well. Muscular idealized human body style. Michelangelo sistine chapel ceiling Caravaggio's the entombment from 1603-1604, reubens copies this in 1612-1614 We are down and are going to join christ in the tomb, caravaggio engages christ in the space. REUBENS copies this Caravaggio's rethinking of how to tell sacred narratives is reflected in reubens Dynamism and spectacle are expected in baroque!

Johannes vermeer 1632-1675 30 works survived today, relatively few, demanded high prices, also an art dealer Maid pouring milk c. 1660

Domestic genre scenes, paintings of simplicity and silence overall cross his work Genre painting Positive virtues Use of light to unify composition and give variety Footwarmer behind the milkmaid Signaled that person is available and single, unused one on the side. Behind footwarmer, cupid on the tile She is a model of virtues, and she is available Impasto effects of thick paint ! specks and dots were a buildup of paint Allegory for painting itself Primary colors, upturned sleeves of green color shoot through the yellow (changing colors), attributes associated with painting itself. Artistic theorists of the period would have recognized this representation of painting itself

Franz hals 1582 - 1666 Trained by hendrik coltzius Group portrait as genre Banquet of the Officers of Saint George, 1616

Dynamic use of bodies, can't be static and uniform 1527 Jan van scorel's the jerusalem brotherhood, 1527 Pretty static despite artists attempt for different gestures and colors 1599 cornelis van haarlem, the st. george company Lost the isseselophy of heads all along same line Heads turned in different directions, some look at viewer and engage us, others talk amongst each other GIVES US VARIETY AND A SENSE OF LIVELINESS Diagonals cut across and meet the three heads Individual portrait sketches formulated into active composition Figures individuated Rough style of brushwork Commonplace TYPICALLY to conceal one's brushstrokes, he painted them in different directions Boldness and newness of visible brushstrokes creates spontaneity and liveliness make the artistic technique explicit, creates an inimitable style

Unidentified Painting Workshop The Tale of Genji, handscroll, ink and color on paper, early 12th century (Nagoya, Tokugawa Art Museum)

Father wipes tears lementing fate of his daughter, only figure showing face. Emotional turmoil is evident. Windmill composition buddhust endless spinning wheel of karma.

Beijing, Forbidden City, The Hall of Supreme Harmony, constructed beginning in 1420

Forbidden city in Beijing !!!! Built in 15 years Main palace for 5 centuries Early 20th century turned into museum Roof yellow glaze ceramic tiles (Yellow royal imperial architecture) Red walls symbolizes youthfulness Foundation laid down by mongols Envisioned empire as middle kingdom, situated in the middle of the world Beijing out of center of sphere of heartland of china North polar star, celestial axis extend out from heavenly palace, stars rotating around this axis, created axis on earth claiming inline with Chinese character for center / middle at the center of the central axis. Situated at the center of the middle kingdom, symbolizing pivot of the world Most prominent avenue in the capital city

Zhou Fang (ca. 8th century) Court Ladies Wearing Flowers in Their Hair, hand scroll, ink and color on silk (Shenyang: Liaoning Museum)

Four consorts in silk gowns with attendant and pets Ladies are plump and curvy with exposed neck and shoulders No communication between each other, emotionless faces. A person never truly being loved.

Elisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun (1755-1842), French Marie-Antoinette and Her Children , 1787

French revolution Tumultuous and defining time 1789 middle and working class alliance Group of revolutionaries storm the bastille prison for political prisoner Louis 16 and marie antoinette Attempt to flee paris Caught Arrested Guillotine Monarchy abolished Royal Academy abolished (now just doesn't have royal in the name) Marie antoinette depicted by Elisabeth-Louise Vigee-Lebrun with her children in 1787 Regal yet more homey and humanized than previous portraits like louis 14 Tries to make her more human than royal, highlights maternal qualities, more human than mother Not morally suited to be a mother let alone the mother of the next king !! accused of incest ! accused of infidelity ! literature of marie antoinette pornography. Leads to her execution. Feet on cushion alluding to madonna of humility from the 1450-1470 range In the salon etching, the portrait of Marie Antoinette is front and center.

Jacob van ruisdael (1628 - 1682) Haarlem Panorama, ca. 1670

Fuller color palette, later 17th century landscape painting with more color, contrasts of light and shade Idea of national identity, connected with economy and land Celebrating virtues of hard work Church of st. bavo Wealth and religious devotion Painted many landscapes, winter, cities, pure landscapes, cemeteries Cloud forms ! attention to blues greys and whites elicits provocative mood In studio from sketches out in nature

Antoine-Jean Gros (1771-1835), French Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken at Jaffa, 1804 (Paris, Louvre)

GRAND scale history painting Napoleon bonaparte visiting the plague-stricken at jaffa 1804 Action in arches, however more figures than david's minimalist work Crumpled, dearing out hair, opposite of heroic sculpture idealized bodies of David's classicism Spotlight effect on bonaparte, empty patch of sand Tallest figure in lineup with decoration on top of lineup, echoing french flag on captured city of jaffa Otherness, non-europeanness Visiting the battlefield at eylau, 1808

Rembrandt

Group and individual compositions, innovative compositions Inner feelings and sentiments ''Towering figure in 17th century dutch art, like peter paul rubens is in flemish painting, however unlike rubens he never traveled to italy Based in amsterdam Wealthiest, most important city in northern europe 1609-1669, moved to amsterdam in 1630 Great portraitist, printmaker 75 self portraits Art collector with broad tastes Marks himself as an artist rather than gentleman or intellectual in portraits Successful early in life, knew bible well, calvinist Tragedy and death in the family His style went out of fashion by the end of his life

Rembrandt The anatomy lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632

Group portrait Head of guild of surgeons Corpse of criminal Corpse set on diagonal, feet in darkness point us towards large book, anatomy manual Only dr. tulp is on the right, given space around him, active composition Figures up top looking at us and engaging us One observes closely Others look at manual, looks in different directions Think about Frans Hals Banquet of the Officers of Saint George, 1616

Rembrandt The three trees, 1643 (etching, engraving, and dry point). Most famous print

Half of composition given over to the sky A pictorial, painterly print Sharp diagonal lines Storm, unsure if coming or going Evocative atmosphere Think about jan van goyen's 1642 a windmill by a river Symbolism of three trees alludes to crucifixion ? In 1642 his first wife died, a year where he did not sign any other paintings, the main piece from this era is this era. Trees represent resilience and strength to carry on. Etching allows for more control over design, add a wax substrate and draw with needle, removing wax Etching of landscape with city view with windmills etc Top read as sky even with no marks

Rembrandt Blinding of Samson, 1636

Hoigens wrote to rembrand and to others that these guys are great painters and they are the future, rembrandt gave Hoigens this as a gift Delilah runs out of cave like structure with samson's hair Blinding him Rembrandt thinking of dynamism and action of rubens' paintings, competing with him and drawing upon his work. Tale of samson and delilah Interested in dramatic use of light, like caravaggio's calling of saint matthew where pointing is given extra emphasis with light from window Faces illuminated by light coming from outside of cave Appropriates rubens' prometheus liver pose with samson Toes curled in pain, one arm back in chain I too can show an action packed scene with a figure diagonally splayed towards the viewer Attempt to surpass his contemporary ?

Luo Ping (1733-1799) Hanshan (Cold Mountain) and Shide (Foundling) hanging scroll, ink on paper (Kansas City, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art)

How could these monks become the god of love? Their affection towards each other was deeper than most lovers or married couples. "Disheveled hairs and unkempt clothing" profound poems about nature, but once they met each other they did not want to be apart. Always depicted as happy when they were seen together. Love will raise your spirits and make you as happy as being alone in nature. Gods of harmony and union

Glorification of Saint Ignatius

Illusion of roof lifted off church Spreading chrisstian faith to all corners of the globe Saint ignatius carried on cloud into heaven Andrea Pozzo Painter, wrote a treatise on perspective, depicted alongside architecture books Quadratura technique to create illusion via grid pattern on curved barrel vaulted ceiling Traces of lines are in the plaster Sophisticated illusion, sophisticated training of pozzo Exact center point marked by disk on floor, best viewing point of illusion God and Christ at center of vault Depicted within: Angel holding parabolic mirror Jesuit emphasis on missionary work, four corners of the world personified, ensemble of four corners to heaven above Representations portray hegemonic view of the rest of the world, savages in need of salvation racist, colonial values Hegemonic power of church impressed on viewers From earthly realm to devine Sensory experience used to aid in transport in all-enveloping environment Intended to provoke intense emotional response

Judith leyster

Inspired by hals and WAS able to imitate his brushstroke style Genre painter In her self portrait from 1630 she chooses to depict herself as an artist painting a musician Not depicted in artist's typical ware Genre painter, still lifes, quite successful Just like hals, subjects look as if they are about to speak

Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1598 - 1680, italian

MOTION, TEXTURE David, ca. 1623 (rome, galleria borghese) Killed Goliath with nothing but a slingshot and a stone Movement, jump to get out of the way. Looking at viewer. Renaissance artists had no fixed point of few, whereas Bernini wanted optimal dynamic impact with specific viewing location. Nolonger installed as he intended, allowing for 3D views today. Thin twisting rope of marble Michaelangelo learned intensity of expression from donatello, Bernini uses this scowl too, with furrowed brow and pursed lips to show intensity and concentration of mental and physical engagement. PREDECESSORS of male nude: polykleitos's doryphoros, posed and ready for motion, like donaatello's david in 1460, and michaelangelos's 1501 david, Bernini's david is ALREADY in motion, action in progress.

Édouard Manet (1832-1883), French Olympia, 1863 (Paris, Musée d'Orsay)

Just a nude woman, contemporary cotton sheets in a modern interior Japanese screen Stares directly at us Black servant gives flowers, likely from client Servant is Laure (model) Olympia is Victorine Meurent Big black cat at end of bed, ready to pounce, wild eyes Connecting women and pussy cats Daumier's cartoons of the painting La chatte 1428 number in salon catalogue assigned to this painting So much shock and outrage, it needed to be moved down from eye level Recognizable as prostitute Olympia was a name commonly adopted by prostitutes Style Flat, yellow, pasty, pallid, dirty Overemphasized materiality of thee paint Dark outlines on her body disliked Limited variations of shawis and skin tone "Perverse" left hand is only modeled area with deep shadows Venus pudica modesty pose Covers herself in gesture of modesty, calling attention to hidden body parts... olympia points too hypocrisy of tradition of the nude. Manet at his critical best. Titian's venus of urbino of 1538 quoted Pet at end of bed Confront viewer directly Pose Venus in domestic interior rather than in domestic setting Coy pudica pose Curve of fingers as provocation rather than prohibitive clutch blockade of olympia (brash and confrontational, unfeminine, aggressive, manly Manet evokes art historical past tradition to change and evolve it

Saint andrea al quirinale

Main alter most arresting feature Figure of saint andrew above framed by niche in pediment, golden dome above symbolizes heaven. Greeted by floating angels. Burst of golden divine light, good news Angel cherubs gossip from above Ensemble of architecture, light, sculpture, guilding Andrew's martyrdom, death, trial, etc... theatrical concepts

Flemish Painting in Antwerp and Brussels 17th century

Landscape became the subject matter, rather than just background for religious scene, Venetian artist's use of color to create form. Allegorical painting

Antoine-Jean Gros (1771-1835), French Sappho at Leucadia, 1801 (Bayeux, Musée Baron Gérard)

Leaping to her death after her lover leaves her for another woman Wind blows through beautiful gown, shown in profile, expressive detail of toes gripping cliff Unclassical, front and center Declares the past dead. Commissions under napoleon GRAND scale history painting Bonaparte on the bridge at arcole, 1797 Both exhibited at salon of 1801 Pendants (maybe) Romantic (maybe) History paintings These two paintings displayed together Contemporary french hero looking back at suicidal classical anti-hero Killing off antiquity in favor of present. Classical painting as anti-classical painting Antiquity as a dying poet Death for love instead of death for the state

Anthony van Dyck Portrait of isabella brandt

Leaves reuben's shadow and goes to italy As gift to ruben before he leaves he paints his wife This painting was seen to be rubens' own initially Framed by bright color in curtain, space between the two is the sky Curtain has electric, vibrant ripples Similar light in goldeen sleeves, paint is alive, tangible physical loose free brushstrokes

Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), French History of a Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850 (Paris, Musée d'Orsay)

Look at el greco's 1586 burial of the __________ and then courbet's 10x22ft wide painting the burial. How dare he thrust on the public a painting so massive with no significance to the audience, only to the artist? Contour of heads follows dip in the landscape Minimal communication between/ among figures, and with audience Minimal gestures Hole in ground for coffin Crucifix on staff although deceptively looks like sculptural element Scull next to hole on the ground Styled as being without religion (i've never seen an angel therefore I can't paint one The person's burial is not specified Historian went to hometown and discovered likely based off of (a nobody) corbet's uncle

Jean-Honore Fragonard (1732-1806). The Swing , 1766

Loses innocence in decadent flirtation Takes off his hat and salutes her beauty Statues help emphasize cherub love theme Clandestine nature of encounter statue shh motion Painting quoting specific sculpture etienne maaurice falconet seated cupid 1757 Dogs represent fidelity, deceitful no judgement

Claude Monet (1840-1926), French Impression, Sunrise (Port of Le Havre) , 1872 (Paris, Musée Marmottan Monet)

MONET !! How to reflect changes in atmosphere and lighting? Plein air painting Painted directly on to canvas 1872 impression, sunrise "I am a francophilic snob" Bits of emergent light Painted relatively quickly from visual elegance Lack of specificness that characterizes monet;s work To be exhibited in 1874 first exhibition Naming: not a view, call it impression -- and the movement was named Quick marks but we interpret the signs all together The ultimate in realism, transcribed onto canvas the way our eyes perceive "I paint what i see, not what i know" "The painting ot the effect of a thing, rather than the thing itself" - stephane mallarme (think of cassatt's man watching her through opera glasses) Often worked in series, more redundant than degas bathers 6 going at the same time? Poplars 1 oclock, could only work on it for a short time until it was no longer one o clock

Diego Velázquez (1599-1660), Spanish King Philip IV of Spain

Makeshift studio, 3 days to complete Commissioned to play political role for king in madrid in celebration Lack of military emphasis on painting itself, sword nearly hidden Father figure instead of conqueror (domestic/colonial propaganda) Shy and sympathetic expression of the king

Artemisia Gentileschi Susannah and the elders

Men threatened to falsely accuse her of infidelity if they don't sleep with her. She refused. Instead of being killed, he triumphed with brave refusal, men killed instead. She emphasized suzannah's vulnerability instead of sex appeal like other male aartists did. Allude to Eve's post in garden of adam and eve, yet head and hands borrowed directly from Adam's stance, equating anguish of suzannah to adam's anguish at starting fall of humankind. suzannah : anxiety, fear, shame when faced with choice between rape or slander. Power of sexual pressure.

Carvaggio, Entombment of Christ

Mother mary, figures emerge from spotlight, no distracting background, figures wearing common people, contemporary clothing, struggle to keep hold of body, torso gripped firmly to serve as subtle pointing finger towards wound. Eucharistic meaning, typical of alter images, consecrated at the alter below painting during sacrament of communion.

Théodore Géricault (1796-1824), French The Raft of the Medusa, 1819 (Paris, Louvre)

Napoleon exiled, kings are back (louis 18th in bourbon restoration, louis 17th died at age of 10 in prison) The raft of the medusa 1819 Coast of senegal Rescued by tiny ship Survivors lived by cannibalism Classical triangular composition, reaching, pointing, cloth towards horizon Romantic in focus on human struggle instead of classical focus on other things Solidarity: white european and african man holding hands, african man as the hero Gericault showing anti-slavery themes Think of theatricality .... Turned around! Everyone gesturing towards the back.... Turned around to place us on the raft ??

Calling of St. Matthew, Caravaggio

New testament of bible matthew 9. Jesus said to tax man "follow me" . matthew was a tax collector, guilty of the sin of greed. This painting literally depicts the biblical account's true meaning despite contradicting the time's religious aesthetic. Who is being pointed to? Believed to be bearded man dressed in black, pointing. "Who me?" Actually unkempt youth counting money, absorbed in his task, moment before matthew has realized the call to become disciple. Christ's gaze -------> bearded man -------------> bearaded man's hand Predecessors: leonardo's last supper. Emotional reactions of disciples. Phillip points to himself with both hands (gesture to convey narrative, use of pointing finger, directs viewers attention to speak between painter and viewer). Michaelangelo adam God the father extends right hand, actual caravaggio's extended hand is the mirror image of ADAM's hand, not god. The most famous genssure in italian renaissance art. Carvaggio cites artistic tradition, while turning others on their heads.

Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), French The Stonebreakers, 1849-1850 (destroyed, formerly Dresden Gemäldegalerie)

Non-institutionally affiliated Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) European lesbians in 1866 Sleep On his police records !!! Realism as manifesto He was a bad boy Rejected by exposition universelle, 1855 (world's fair) His goal is to create a living art realism is That which looks real Realism is Paintings of mid 19th century and later depicting social hardship, the poor 1849-1850 (1850 salon displayed), The Stonebreakers Monotonous task Earth tones in figures and landscape background Little landscape in the landscape No room in the picture, conscriction, disempowerment, they can't even stand up in the frame. "Alas, in this class, this is how one begins and this is how one ends" In the wake of Marx's communist manifesto in 1848 Workers unite to fight and form a classless society Revolution of 1848 overthrew king louis philippe, france's last king In 1789 it was fought by middle and working classes working together against nobility. This time the bourgeoisie was the target. Short reepublic with napoleon's nephew as the target

Berthe Morisot (1841-1895), French Interior, 1872 (Private collection)

Not always impressionist, lots of portraits But in this case... loose brush strokes and exhibited in 7 or 8 exhibitions Born of money, women couldn't go to art school but she went to classy parties, manet brought her in to the art world, married manet's brother eugene Manet had a crush on his sister in law !! 1872, interior Two women and one little girl in apartment Visiting Visit temporarily interrupted by child needing distraction at the window? Woman in black left to her thoughts' All three figures connected to outside world Mother and child peer out to hidden city streets Landscape, painting of flowers in a gold frame? Coming out of frame, actually a planter ! Woman in black pregnant? Artificial flower box and well dressed woman Baudelaire's concept of modern beauty Nature altered and nature improved by contemporary fashion and style

Jan van goyen, a windmill by a river

Not particularly colorful 1642 Tonal painting, sense of atmosphere not from color but from tones Poetic vision of the sky and landscape, atmosphere Landscape as visual celebration of the dutch newly won land Land was hardwon through battles, nascent nationhood, showing the land in this way symbolizes this Constructed in studio, not from sight Windmill, low lying At and below sea level, prone to flooding Windmills used to lower water level Mercantile empire, huge international trade Landscape popular because less interested by protestant audiences to represent jesus's life

Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825), French Oath of the Horatii , 1784 (Paris, Louvre)

Oath of the Horatii made him famous Livy Pierre corneille Alba longa (city near rome) Horatii vs. curiatii Battle to determine fate Father hands swords to sons to fight opponents to the death Victorious brother returns home Crying for fear of brother's cyding But actually camilla was engaged to be married to the other side Anne-louis girodet (1767-1824) killing his sister camilla ? Back to the david painting, oath between family members Could David have known what was going to happen in 1789? Commissioned by the monarchy (Oath of the Tennis Court) Behind arches very dark Dramatic gap between fingers of son and father in central arch Third arch is women, below men, curved, leaning Two parts male strength, one part female weakness

Artemisia Gentileschi

One of few great early western female artists. Family position afforded opportunities. Quality of work and scope of career compatible with male contemporaries.

Hendrik Goltzius 1558-1617

Outstanding printmaker of his age, painter Founded style called harlem "Mannerism" Enormous engraving on a single copper plate Political and personal allegory

The salon of 1787

Packed from floor to ceiling, not minimalist Juried, either accepted or rejected Work could be seen or possibly purchased

Peter Paul rubens end of life

Painting landscapes Painting for own pleasure Genre of landscape painting Strong diagonals in the composition Dynamic Peter breugel 3 generations before reubens, represented landscapes in long distance views

Hendrik Goltzius "The Great Hercules" engraving from 1589

Plate of copper, burin sharp metal tool used to carve lines and ink them to run through press and pick up ink from lines in reverse Formidable work of strength and control Political allegory of nascent dutch republic, hercules was a hero of classical antiquity Symbol of dutch formidable strength against Spanish kings of southern netherlands Created right before he went to italy, personal allegory of himself and what he will find, taking on what michaelangelo accomplished

After Gu Kaizhi (344-406?) The Nymph of the Luo River, hand scroll, ink and color on silk, 12th century (Beijing, Palace Museum)

Prince recounts romantic encounter with river goddess in poem, popular love poem in chinese history... exchanged jade pendants. But goddess and prince belong to different realms and cannot stay together. Prince's heart full of sorrow. Ephemeral nature of transcendental love. Prince transfixed by beauty of the goddess. In the poem, only thee prince sees the goddess, so they ask what she looks like. Compares her to nature. Images reflected in painting. Romantic desire would be repressed or condemned on confucius views. Respect for elders was considered far more important. Parent endorsement confucious values. One wife, many concubines. Female obligation to fulfill family duties was emphasized. Seen in The Admonition of the Instructress to the Court Ladies. Scene illustrates teachings: "when love has reached its highest pitch it changes its object for whatever has reached fullness must decline....." Love is a fleeting second. Psychological drama between lady and conscious emperor struggling to not succumb to her appeal. More based on moral value than human nature. Gave women framework for adapting to difficult reality. Love sickness taught to experience.

Honoré-Victorin Daumier (1808-1879), French Third-Class Carriage, 1862-1864 (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art)

Raised in poor parisian household Interested in class in paintings and lithographs 1862-1864 third class carriage Unfinished Cheapest mode of transport Occasional tophat as symbol of bourgeoisie, fallen on hard times, enduring rubbing elbows with the poor? Ominous lurking markers Perhaps family in the front. Nursing baby, sleeping boy represent innocence Old woman staring ahead out of the canvas shows wisened awareness

Jean-Baptite-Simeon Chardin (1699 - 1779) The house of cards 1737

Wears apron, indicates servant statu Valet nave card reveal indicates servant John locke english researcher, famous educational theories that children are blank slates (tabula rosa?) Requires concentration, steady hand to build deck of cards Boy's profile emphasized and uninterrupted concentration through blank background Open drawer intrudes into viewers space invites seat at table Mature boy ignores us

Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863), French Death of Sardanapalus, 1827 (Paris, Louvre)

Red! Symbolically a river of blood Not based on classical literature, based on a play Woman hangs herself rather than allowing herself to be murdered Woman being stabbed as we see her from the back Man watches with boredom Active upward piling of figures and luxury goods, limited sense of foreground and background, no perspective to place it in the realm of reality... fantasy Unconventional to fracture / fragment a figure

Jan brueghel the elder 1568-1625 and peter paul rubens (The sense of sight!)

Representation of sight restored Genre of the art collection painting Collecting is taking off Create your own Kunstkammer "chamber of art" Wunderkammer "chamber of wonders" Beginning of first public museums, this piece crystallizes that idea Imaginary gallery of paintings and works of art, including many different genres of painting

Edgar Degas (1834-1917), French Place de la Concorde, Count Lepic and His Daughters, 1875 (St. Petersburg, Hermitage)

Where the guillotine was set up during revolution !!! Empty space, people pushed to edges Anonymous stand-in for the act of watching as removed from center of canvas as possible. Both dandy and flaneur, privilege yet outsider Trimmed down a liiiiiitle bit ?

Claude Monet (1840-1926), French The Portal of Rouen Cathedral in Morning Light, 1894 (Los Angeles, The Getty Center)

Rouen cathedral Stone structure unchanged for centuries, unlike him to not use a natural sight "Everything changes, even stone" so impressionist haha ok monet Rented appt across the street Wanted them to all be completed together, one artwork representing the passage of time (1840-1926) 1894 in the morning light Sun behind, color exaggeration . must give color to perception of morning light that mosts saturates the view and gives visual sensation , more detailed than impression sunrise Interest in the dynamics of vision, cataracts made him legally blind by the end of his life Finished paintings vs. embryonic daubs - louis leroy BUT there was a big market !

Diego velasquez Venus and Cupid

Seville -------> madrid (became king's painter) Became in charge of king's living quarters Early curator Contact with italian art "Painter's painters" Not appreciated until 18th century Both spent lots of time in italy El greco came first Nude of voluptuous venus Female nudes were RARE !!! Reclining nude, venus and cupid with mirror..... Velasques did more than just combining these two Uses mirrors to engage the viewer If we can see her face, she can see us, cupid makes it come full circle as if we are the beloved Aphrodite of knidos Viewable from all angles, front and back door, sexually explicit in conservative spain "Modest" rear view while showing face with mirror Statement about nature of ideal beauty TARGET OF VIOLENCE MEAT CLEAVER IN LONDON PORTRAIT GALLERY. Protest against government, protest against male objectification of female body 1914

Liu Yuan (fl. 13th -early 14th century) Sima You's Dream of the Courtesan Su Xiaoxiao, hand scroll, ink and color on silk, ca. 1230s-50s (Cincinnati Art Museum)

She and the young man fell in love, parents found out. Arranged marriages were typical at the time. Unfulfilled longing for love. Is she attracted to the young scholar? Trying too not disturb scholar's dream with her excitement. He died of lovesickness for her. Dream is recurring motif.

Peter Paul Rubens With frans synders, prometheus bound, 1611-1612.

Stole fire from zeus and gave it to mankind Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock and had liver eaten everyday by an owl Upside down, splayed out, unusual, figure spills out into our space, fist and elbow not cropped but figure feels spilling forwards us. Collaborated with the artists who were the greatest in certain specific things, like frans in this case who specializes in animals. Rubens would sketch, paint small oil sketches, and have students paint the composition. He would touch up. Depending on how much the person would pay. This is a collaboration of skills.

Fan-shaped Album of the Lotus Sutra, color on paper, 12th century painting (Tokyo National Museum)

Tale of Gange, world's first novel. Wives, concubines, multiple lovers. Disastrous consequences. Took young purple in like a father, she grew older, he married her. A girl feeling love for the first time, infatuated. Most beloved, yet could not take miserable fate of being betrayed. Collapsed and died.

Carvaggio

The bad boy of baroque art, Fellow baroque painters, and martin scorsese film maker also inspired by his use of tenebrism, light and shadow.

Jean-François Millet (1814-1875), French The Sower, 1850 (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts)

The sower, 1850 Rural farmworker Naming of his works defines subjects by their labor Sowing the seeds of revolution? He would never identify them as such

17th century (belgium and netherlands)

northern baroque

Rembrandt Circa 1668 the return of the prodigal son

Took inheritance and spent it on food and wine and women ,returned to father ashamed. Father seen embracing that son. Attendants and older brother look down. Most of composition in darkness, subtle changes from dark to light Son's clothes are tattered, dirty bare foot Tender emotional moment Whole face need not be seen, his repentance shown enough Older brother angry Look at italian representations (very different feeling) Rembrandt has stronger feeling of spiritual acceptance Head almost lost in tonalities, as if they are becoming one Attention given to light on father's face. Texture through brushstrokes. Face painted loosely.

Anthony van Dyck 1599-1641

Trained with rubens Court painter and portraitist in london Quickly understood rubens' style of painting Couldn't escape his shadow painted English royalty charles 1st king of england's painter

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780-1867), French Grande Odalisque, 1814 (Paris, Louvre)

Visually caressed by eyes undulating unfolding Feather fan invites us to experience her body, extra vertebrae long spine. He understood human anatomy very well. Opium pipes further entice viewer into narcotic dream state Viewer implied? Woman directly engages with her eyes, body tipped forward towards us. Commissioned usually by heterosexual men of course hahahhahahahaahahahahhaha. Except this was commissioned by napoleon's SISTER !!! carolyn posed in the nude for this, in appropriate for a lady of high society, but ingres dispelled this rumor How to explain skin color and features. Appears far more european, women are uniformly westernized , where as figures of servitude are black and brown.

Rembrandt The Night Watch, 1642

Wealthy men part of militia companies Front and center Standard creates diagonal down to center Rembrandts innovation is showing 18 people readying themselves in different ways Paid for this, not withheld as can be done if not pleased with final result Young woman with chicken hanging by legs (chicken legs symbol of heraldic identity) Height of popularity at this point! Big commissions like this! Concealed brush strokes, pictorial style soon to change though

Peter paul rubens (1577-1640), Self portrait with isabella brandt, 1609

Wife, love, honeysuckle garden evokes feeling of love for eachother Gaze acknowledges presence of viewer Depicts himself as a gentleman rather than as an artist Hand with extended finger points to clasped hand of union of marriage Compositionally, they sit with comfort with each other. Artist knows these people intimately. Her dress covers his shoe. Union, togetherness, love. Jan van Eyck the arnolfini wedding portrait gesture as symbol of unity from 1434 demonstrates stiffness and formality compared to nonchalant comfortable man and wife. Gave animation and liveliness to his sitters from poses, gestures, and countenance. Rosy cheeks in his wife (but also he did this in other pieces too)

Brocade with Lion Hunting China, 7 th century CE (The Horyuji Temple, Nara)

artistic exchange on silk roadChinese traditional style vs. sogdian style brocades Chinese favored organic patterns repeating motifs Sogdian favored separate geometric units, linked pearl pattern for framing Familiarity with diverse traditions on silk road Sassanian: pearl roundels (traditional motif) Lion hunting kings (traditional motif) Greco-roman: pegasus Chinese: characters Auspicious Generic sign of good will Confucian ideology, symbol of kinship Mountain Considered prestigious emblem of 12 symbols of sovereignty Six other symbols Sun, moon, stars, dragon, mountain, pheasant Pearl chain could be cluster of stars Four wing horses are the dragon East room fang constellation four heavenly horses Reminiscent of tomb mural depicting a celestial map azure dragon from 1st-2nd century Earth Represented on the back of a coin, earth symbolizes the virtue of the yellow emperor. Chinese attribute ancestry to him. Square hole of coin below character for earth = character for auspicious, could indicate royal status. Encouraged to read character as a royal emblem.

Spanish southern netherlands

catholic, Antwerp and brussels

Francois boucher (1703-1770) Birth and triumph of venus 1740

commissioned by sweedish ambassador to france History painting in ranking No single pin pointable narrative Three positioning of the same pose of knees bent, head to left. Repetition of the same pose creates maximum enjoyment of the female body. Orgasmic moments as doves play between her legs Poussin's non rococo version from 1635 Figures are hard, linear, smooth like marble, chiseled VS liquidy fluffy sexy rococo Classical is serious, rococo is playful

PPR Allegorical painting (Consequences of War, 1638-39)

depicts rubens' opinion on military conflict and the thirty years war. Rubens was a painter diplomat sent by king and queen of spain Mars god of war Steps on books (knowledge, literature, the arts) Venus god of love tries to restrain him Desperate figure mary magdalene esque at the crucifiction Represents poor, unfortunate europe Energy to otherwise static, lifeless figures

16th century

emotions in face like mona lisa

Mary Cassatt (1844-1926), American In the Loge, 1878 (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts)

impressionism Baudelaire and flaneurie, immersed in modern life WOMEN Mary cassatt 1884-1926, american, moved to paris in her late 20s Friends with degas ! Portrait of her holding photographs looking elegant, reveling in white paint for its own sake 1878 in the loge Self portrait Absorbed in the act of watching through opera glasses, on her own Reminiscent of baudelaire's flaneur man Glasses pointed straight ahead !!!! i LOVE this. She is watching people. Omg. In charge and possesses visual power Visual joke !!! OMG i LOVE this piece Man in background is looking at HER Speed of brushwork = transience of modern life

Édouard Manet (1832-1883) French Luncheon on the Grass, 1863 (Paris, Musée d'Orsay)

painting of modern life Salon des refuses after rejected from salon. Strange enigmatic subject, naked woman with two clothed men. Woman wading in pool with night gown. Front model same as olympia. Brother eugene and brother in law. Problems in common for public Olympia not an ideal nude Luncheon on the grass too realistic of a physique Unclear narrative Illusions conjured up on conversation of the two men? Really there? Pretty bold. Maybe they are prostitutes. Prototype of titian's 1508-1510 Pastoral Concert 1520 print the judgement of paris by raimondi after raphael Classical triangular composition Water nymph naiad Carol armstrong of yale's reading Woman is not a nude she is a studio model Not just basket of fruit, it is a still life painting within the painting Landscape painting, not parisian park Subject matter of genre painting, Criticism written right into the work, discussing artworks around them

Francois boucher (1703-1770)

premier peintre for King louis the fifteenth ROCOCO (1715-1774) who had Many mistresses, Love and passion oriented mythologies like birth of venus

Northern netherlands

protestent

ean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904), French The Snake Charmer, 1879 (Williamstown, MA, Sterling & Francine Clark Institute)

realism imagined the snake charmer, 1879 (replaces angres from a conservative academic point of view) Qur'an Topkapi palace Istanbul (or... not) Painting about the act of watching, they see the side of his body that we do not Implications of voyeurism placed on these "othered" men Ethnic variety of men, but when he paints women they are homogenous No snake charming tradition in turkey, composite scene of egypt, turkey, and imagination

Northern dutch churches

relatively sparse 10% were religious paintings by end of century in dutch republic, ⅓ were landscape paintings

Blue and White Bowl Decorated with a Scene from Peony Pavilion 1654-1722 (London, The Butler Family Collection)

she dies from her love

Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840), German Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, 1819 (Hamburg, Kunsthalle)

the sublime Abyss sublime one step away from plunging to death Ruckenfigur = figure seen from behind (in both of the above paintings)

Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863), French The Barque of Dante, 1822 (Paris, Louvre)

the sublime Dante's inferno Figures try to get on the boat Compositionally Triangular composition typical of renaissance and classicism David's oath of the horatii for comparison No theatrical backdrop in this one Delacroix more tortured and emotive than David and Poussin, David idealized, Delacroix grotesque....... No room for love thy neighbor Virgil's calm (classicism) Dante's fiery eyes, emotional opposite to virgil (romanticism) Sacrifice detail for the integrity of the whole Color is his claim to fame Allows green to perform independently as its own color in central figure, instead of blending it in Grisaille black and white and grey Prismatic treatment of water, complementary colors Red and green side by side

Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), English Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying—Typhon (sic) Coming On, 1840 (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts)

the sublime Slavers throwing overboard the dead and dying -- typhoon coming on, 1840 Desperate to stay above water Victims of slave trade Victims of capitalist corruption None of crew proscuted for murder Couldn't collect insurance though Slavery abolished in 1833 Psychological drama and emotional response of human violence and natural violence Terror and reflective contemplation on power of nature / aggression of the sea The sublime Danger, fear, Edmund burke's 1757 philosophical enquiry into the origin of our ideas of the sublime and beautiful