Art 1301 2
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, including Millais and Rossetti, rejected Realism and based their artistic philosophy on the writings of which individual?
John Ruskin
The painting A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery was done by which artist?
Joseph Wright of Derby
Which photographer became known for creating portraits of artists such as Delacroix, Daumier, and Courbet?
Nadar
Who was named first consul of the French Republic after leading the French army on several campaigns?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Who is credited with ultimately being responsible for establishing classical painting as an important component of 17th-century French art?
Nicolas Poussin
The colonnade of the Roman temple of Jupiter at Baalbek in Lebanon provided the inspiration for what building?
Pantheon
Which city was the artistic center of the Rococo style?
Paris
What illusionistic effect did Eadweard Muybridge's zoopraxiscope rely on to show his sequential images?
Persistence of vision
Which Spanish monarch was the early and continual patron of Spanish Diego Velázquez?
Philip IV
How does van Dyck make Charles I the focus of the viewer's attention in this portrait?
Places him in silhouette against a light-colored sky
In constructing the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851, what cost-effective innovation did Joseph Paxton employ?
Prefabricated elements
The use of light and shade to convey emotional differences in theater and film is a contribution of which artist?
Rembrandt
Which Dutch artist trained as a history painter in Leiden and became known as a master of light and shadow as well as a proponent of the Protestant conception of scripture?
Rembrandt van Rijn
The conclusion of the debate in the French Royal Academy between advocates of color and advocates of form resulted in the ascendance of which style?
Rococo
Which Romantic-style building is a conglomeration of Islamic domes, minarets, and screens that has been called "Indian Gothic"?
Royal Pavilion, Brighton
Which artist can be said to have translated English literary satire into the visual arts?
William Hogarth
Which scholar wrote Reflections on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture and established a model for the analysis of stylistic evolution in art?
Winckelmann
Which American Realist artist who studied both painting and medicine believed that careful observation was a prerequisite for his art?
Winslow Homer
Which English architect was responsible for the design and construction of Saint Paul's Cathedral in London?
Christopher Wren
The Romantic sensibility evident in the energy of Joseph Mallord William Turner's landscapes and seascapes relies on the emotive power of which element of his painting style?
Color
In his Ecstasy of Saint Teresa for the Cornaro chapel, Bernini utilizes the expressive capabilities of sculpture, architecture, and painting by setting the principal scene within what larger context?
A theater
Which painting did Johannes Vermeer consider his most important, retaining it as a display piece in his studio?
Allegory of the Art of Painting
The design of Chiswick House by Boyle and Kent is regarded as a free variation on the work of which architect?
Andrea Palladio
Which Italian Baroque painter trained in his native Bologna and produced a series of frescoes for the gallery ceilings of the Palazzo Farnese?
Annibale Carracci
Which element in Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa has the artist, Antoine-Jean Gros, adapted from Oath of the Horatii by his teacher, Jacques-Louis David?
Arcaded backdrop frames the composition
Which of the following is NOT a technique Wright used to focus attention on the scientific instrument being demonstrated in this scene?
Background made hazy and less detailed
The cultural and artistic production of the 17th and early 18th centuries in the West is often described by what term?
Baroque
Which artist was responsible for creating the canonical iconography of scenes of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary?
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Who became the official painter to King George III and was a founding member of the Royal Academy of Arts?
Benjamin West
Which is NOT a technique Bernard Neumann used to adapt the Rococo style to ecclesiastical interiors?
Contrasts of dark and brilliant colors in painted decor
Which gathering of Catholic theologians rejected Protestant objections to using images in religious worship?
Council of Trent
The vedute paintings of Antonio Canaletto were intended for which class of patron?
English travelers
Which element of the portrait of Louis XIV can be securely attributed to the hand of Rigaud rather than his assistants?
Face
The niche-like space in which Juan Sánchez Cotán arranged the individual items of his still lifes is probably a reference to the Virgin Mary in what guise?
Fenestra coeli ("window to Heaven")
The rustic setting, soft light, and feathery brushwork of Gainsborough's portrait of Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan are elements of which style?
French Rococo
What contemporary trend is reflected by Le Nain's depiction of the peasants in Family of Country People?
French social theories
The renewed interest in classical antiquity of the 18th century can be credited to the archaeological discoveries at which sites?
Herculaneum and Pompeii
What royal structure was originally on the site of the French palace of Versailles?
Hunting lodge
In Triumph of the Barberini, the crown of stars to be bestowed on the Barberini family is meant to symbolize what?
Immortality
By moving away from illusionism in this painting, and using colors to flatten form and to draw attention to the canvas surface, Manet played an important role in the development of what movement?
Impressionism
Which of the following is NOT an element of the Georges de la Tour's Adoration of the Shepherds?
Inclusion of religious iconography
What event transformed the economies of continental Europe and North America in the 18th century?
Industrial Revolution
Napoleon's embrace of Neoclassicism as a means of linking his own reign to the ancient Roman Empire is embodied in which monument?
La Madeleine
What source provides art historians with a good deal of insight into the artist Artemesia Gentileschi?
Letters written by her
At the palace of Versailles, what device was used in the Galerie des Glaces to illusionistically expand that room's width?
Long line of mirrors
Who was the preeminent art patron of 17th-century France?
Louis XIV
Which aristocratic patron hired Peter Paul Rubens to paint a series of historical-allegorical works for the Luxembourg palace in Paris?
Marie de' Medici
The heavily muscled men and straining poses of Rubens's Elevation of the Cross are evidence of Rubens's emulation of which Renaissance master?
Michelangelo
Much Dutch art of the 17th century catered to the tastes of which group?
Middle class
Which pope played a key role in funding and organizing the lengthy campaign to reestablish the Church's prominence by rebuilding Rome?
Sixtus V
In which two aspects of this early work does Diego Velázquez reveal his admiration for the paintings of Caravaggio?
Tenebrism and commonplace characters
Much of the bronze for the tall columns of Bernini's Baldacchino was taken from what earlier building?
The Pantheon
How do Bernini's piazza and colonnades in front of Saint Peter's reiterate the message of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation?
The curving colonnades extended a sense of welcome to the devout.
Robert Adam used elements from which Roman wall-painting style to create the decorations of the Etruscan Room at Osterley Park House?
Third and Fourth Styles
Which early photographer used the new medium to produced documentary images of the immediate aftermath of Civil War battles?
Timothy O'Sullivan
How do art historians believe that Artemesia Gentileschi accomplished the feat of painting a self-portrait in which she is not looking at the viewer?
Used a two-mirror setup
John Singer Sargent's family portrait Daughters of Edward Darley Boit shows the influence of his careful study of which painter?
Velázquez
Which artist was ahead of his time in understanding color science and recognizing that shadows are not colorless?
Vermeer
Which philosopher believed that the betterment of humanity lay in the advancement of science and the rational improvement of society?
Voltaire
Which work demonstrates Rembrandt's mastery of both engraving and etching?
Christ with the Sick around Him
Which Baroque building succeeds in the full unification of interior space with the shape of the dome exactly continuing the plan of the building itself?
Borromini, Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza
The beliefs of which branch of Protestantism were responsible for the lack of religious art in the Netherlands in the 17th century?
Calvinism
Pope Paul V commissioned which architect to oversee the completion of the church of Saint Peter in Rome?
Carlo Maderno
Which Romantic artist was a leader in transcendental landscapes, a new painting genre of the 19th century?
Caspar David Friedrich
Greenough sculpted which contemporary statesman in the Neoclassical style by portraying him seminude and enthroned, as Phidias depicted Zeus in the famous lost statue?
George Washington
Which artist was given the commission for a fountain in the Piazza Navona despite having failed at erecting bell towers on the facade of Saint Peter's and benefitting from Urban VIII's excessive spending?
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
In which of the following works has the painter enhanced the trompe l'oeil effect of a painted ceiling by adding painted stucco sculpted figures?
Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Triumph of the Name of Jesus
Which of the ornamental objects in Kalf's Still Life with a Late Ming Ginger Jar would qualify the work as a vanitas painting?
Gold watch
The severity for James Stuart's Neoclassical Temple of Theseus in Hagley Park takes its inspiration from the ruins he visited in which modern country?
Greece
Which Realist painter relies on a naturalistic style that does not romanticize or idealize the everyday lived realities that his contemporary subjects endured?
Gustave Courbet
Which of the following is NOT a colorist painting, instead relying on form and line?
Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer
Which Neoclassical artist of the first part of the 19th century looked firmly to the arts of Greek antiquity for his subjects and compositions?
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Which artist illustrated the views of Rousseau by painting quiet scenes of domestic life that honored the simple goodness of ordinary people?
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
The 19th-century revival of historical architectural styles led Barry and Pugin to rebuild the Houses of Parliament in London in what style?
Neo-Gothic
Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii can be said to be a paragon of which style?
Neoclassical
Which of the following is NOT one of the illusionistic devices used by Carracci in his Loves of the Gods?
Paintings within frames are all painted in a consistent style.
The classical and idealized landscapes of Claude Lorrain were most often set around which city?
Rome
Who was the artist of the immense Romantic painting Raft of the Medusa, which took eight months to create?
Théodore Géricault
The metal relief etching entitled Ancient of Days is the work of which leading Romantic artist?
William Blake
Which of these works by Baroque painters does not contain a self-portrait?
da Cortona, Triumph of the Barberini