Art Appreciation Midterm

Match the filmmaker with a description of his or her work:

1) Director of an experimental film based on dreams, recurring objects, and repeated image sequences - Maya Deren 2) Known for silent films with trick effects and humor, including one about astronomers launched from a cannon onto the moon - Georges Melies 3) Animator who incorporates elements from Japanese mythology into his films - Hayao Miyazaki 4) Photographer who first captured sequences of still images of a horse and then made them appear to move - Eadweard Maybridge 5) Filmmaker renowned for an innovative and influential film that commented on a newspaper tycoon and the American Dream - Orson Welles 6) Oscar-winning director who used cutting-edge visual effects, combining live action with computer-generated imagery - Peter Jackson

Identify three things that the artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder could have done differently in his painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus if he had wanted to make the figure of Icarus the focal point of the work.

1) Use a lighter or darker value 2) Contrast Icarus with its surroundings 3) Isolate the figure of Icarus to give it emphasis

Movies were being shown all over Europe and the United States as early as ________.

1896

Marina Abramovic's The Artist is Present took _______ to complete.

3 months

The interior designed by I. Michael Winegrad creates _________ and interesting composition by using a balance of curved and straight lines.

A harmonious

This painting tool can be used to apply thick encaustic paint.

A palette knife

Color associations can be both culturally specific and universal. Red is a color that can arouse universal feelings, such as:

All of the other answers

Duration, tempo, intensity, scope, setting, and chronology are:

All of the other answers

Which of these terms relates to Hans Holbein the Younger's painting The Ambassadors?

All of the other answers

A line that is a continuous mark is ________.

An actual line

A brush called a Filbert is best used for ________.

Applying color: its short bristles offer more control and softened edges

The photographer of Fragility used a process called ____.

Autochrome to create painterly and romantic color photographs

The sculpture process in which the artist carves only in shallow depth is called ________.

Bas-relief

This type of relief, which takes its name from the French word for low, does not imply great depth.

Bas-relief

This artist proved that his system for creating depth was effective through an elaborate process that involved a painting with a hole, a mirror, and the Florence Baptistery. The viewer would look through the back of the painting of the Florence Baptistery while the mirror reflected it, then, when the mirror was removed, the viewer could see the actual building. Who was this artist and innovator?

Brunelleschi

Wherever literacy takes hold, ________ usually develops as a form of art that expresses layers of meaning and feelings by means of the shape of the written letterforms.

Calligraphy

The wooden statue of Hawaiian war god Ku-ka'ili-moku was created using this method of sculpting.

Carving

In which country was paper invented by Cai Lun, who made it out of macerated planet fibers suspended in water?

China

We generally associate a color with its purest, most intense state, or its highest level of ________.

Chroma

This American painter used small abstract motifs to create a huge self-portrait.

Chuck Close

By orienting lines so that they attract attention to a specific area of a work of art the artist is using ________.

Directional Line

The Russian artist Marc Chagall depicted the mythical character Icarus with bright colors on a white background in order to _________.

Draw attention to Icarus's fall

In 1525, this German master printmaker wrote a manual establishing the first set of rules for the construction of letterforms.

Durer

When were the first successful photographs made using a camera?

Early 1800s

This Austrain artist focused on the contoured outline of two people in his/her drawing Mother and Child.

Egon Schiele

Any of the ________ of art can help focus our interest on specific areas of a work of art.

Elements

An artwork can only fit into one of the following categories: performance art, conceptual art, installation art.

False

Garry Winogrand frequently posed his subjects and arranged the composition of his photographs before taking them.

False

If an artist wanted to create an artwork sure to last for many thousands of years, wood would be a good material to use.

False

Photographers cannot be responsible for principles of scale or proportion in their photographs.

False

The neighborhood shown in Palmer Hayden's Midsummer Night in Harlem could represent any neighborhood in America in the 1930s.

False

If an artist were to draw a figure whose arm was pointing directly toward the viewer, what technique would the artist have to use when drawing the outstretched arm?

Foreshortening

This proportional system uses a ratio of 1:1.618.

Golden Section

Match the arkwork with its drawing medium:

Graphite - Ilka Gedo, Self-Portrait Pastel - Edgar Degas, The Tub Reed Pen and Ink - Vincent van Gogh, Sower with Setting Sun Red Chalk - Michelangelo, Studies for the Libyan Sibyl Charcoal - Kathe Kollwitz, Self-portrait

When a sculpture is designed to be viewed from one side, and protrudes dynamically from its background plane or is carved with deeply incised marks, this is called __________.

High Relief

If vertical lines communicate strength, horizontals calm, and diagonals action, then a vacation resort might want to choose a logo consisting of ________ lines in order to show peaceful repose.

Horizontal

Robert Rauschenberg made his own artwork by erasing parts of another artist's creation. Do you think that the eraser is a valid artistic medium when used in this way? Which of the two artists do you think deserves more credit for this work? What factors affect your decision?

I do think that the eraser is a valid medium when used in this way. In this time, De Kooning agreed to let Rauschenberg erase his work so that Rauschenberg could continue exploring different mediums. This act of erasing a De Kooning work was playing tribute to De Kooning himself and his influence on art at the time. This act of erasing made something new of a work, creating something that was there before. I think that Rauschenberg deserves the credit for this work. In his title, he still quotes De Kooning for the work, but his own erasure created work that did not exist before. Credit is due to Rauschenberg because he he made something that no one has seen nor created as a work of art before. I think that my own practices influence my decision on this. Working with charcoal and being able to erase back into a work and create something new out of it changes my perspective on erasing as an act of creating.

If you were to take an item of clothing and turn it into a piece to put on display in a gallery, what item of clothing would you choose and why? Think about how you would display your craft object, and what you might do to enhance it visually or to give it symbolic meaning. Do you think viewers of your craft piece would consider it art?

I would choose cloth t-shirts, because I can make it into a blanket. I would display my object by handing it up. I think that it would give it a symbolic meaning by basing it around my education. I would use shirts that I got in elementary, middle school, high school, and college. I think that some viewers would see it as art basing it on the crafty side of art. Crafts can always become art, just depends on how you tackle the project.

Composer John Cage hoped that his innovative performances would

Inspire people to pay attention to the life (an art) happening all around them

This term for plate printmaking means "cut into" in Italian.

Intaglio

A major benefit of the daguerreotype process is that _________.

It creates very detailed images

Designers at Leo Burnett in Chicago created packaging materials and campaign imagery for McDonalds Happy Meal® with the help of illustrator Helen Musselwhite in 2013. Collaborations are essential in the advertising/design world. Why would a collaboration be more desirable to a large company like McDonald's?

It is more desirable to a company like McDonalds because it allows them to get help from someone in design but also they are not having to make these arrangements themselves. Companies are open to getting help from designers for their advertising because they can pay someone else to do the work that they need to have done anyways.

Our word ceramic comes from this Greek word.

Keramos

This printmaking process means "stone writing" in Greek.

Lithography

Our experience of objects in the natural world often leads us to assume that a large object will be heavy, but in fact that is not necessarily the case. This element of art is called __________.

Mass

Images were first reproduced by printmaking in this ancient culture

Mesopotamian

This intaglio process is achieved by roughening an entire metal plate surface with a rocking tool, then smoothing the areas where the ink is to be wiped away.

Mezzotint

The Taj Mahal features four towers, each 162ft high, called _________, a characteristic feature of Islamic architecture.

Minarets

Painting that integrates many different painting media and materials is classified as ________ painting.

Mixed-media

In Hunters in the Snow, a number of rhythms and subsidiary rhythms draw the viewer's attention through the work. Can you specify where this is happening and how the artist is achieving these rhythmic sequences? Find at least three different areas of rhythm in the work.

On the left, there is a party of hunters. The group is trudging over the crest of a hill that leads to the right. On the middle ground, figures are skating on a pond. The color of the sky draws our attention deeper into the horizon. On the left, there is a group making a fire outside a building. We notice a receding line of trees

In her work Astroculture (Shelf Life) bioartist Suzanne Anker experiments with growing plants in artificial light for use in ________.

Outer space

Over time, exposure to the elements can add this surface coloration to metals. It can also be created with the use of chemical preparations.

Patina

The African American sculptor Martin Puryear was influenced by the time he spent in Africa as a member of the _______.

Peace Corps

This sixteenth-century Flemish artist designed the work Hunters in the Snow using rhythms and subsidiary rhythms that lead the viewer's eye through the work.

Pieter Bruegel

A method for creating a ceramic object that involves simply squeezing the clay between the fingers was used to create the Indonesian The Mother Goddess Men Brajut (Hariti). What is this method called?

Pinch

In freestanding sculpture, the artist entices the viewer to move around the work by creating a series of changing __________.

Planes

The French artist Georges Seurat employed a new technique to create a jewel-like diffusion of light and vibration of color in his work The Circus. This type of painting, made up of small dots of color, is known as __________.

Pointillism

This architectural construction method consists of two uprights and a crossbeam.

Post-and-lintel

Which of the following made graphic design possible?

Printing

This type of printmaking is done by carving away part of a block in order to leave a raised surface that can be inked and printed.

Relief

The division between art and craft began during this period.

Renaissance

The Taj Mahal was commissioned by the grieving ___________ as a memorial to his third and most beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

Shah Jahan

The film The Artist, released in 2011, comments on "the good old days" of the film industry by using __________.

Silence and black and white

In his figural portraits, Robert Lostutter uses this kind of scale to create an intimate viewing experience.

Small Scale

Using puppets, dolls or models to to create scenes in a movie is called __________.

Stop-motion Animation

Dorothea Tanning's work Eine Kleine Nachtmusik uses deliberately distorted scale to create an abnormal or _________ effect.

Supernatural

In her work Object, a fur-lined teacup and saucer, the Swiss artist Meret Oppenheim employed subversive texture to contradict conscious logical experience. She belonged to the _________ art movement, which drew on ideas and images from dreams and the unconscious mind.

Surrealist

This cataclysmic event, which led to the rebuilding of the downtown area of a major city, provided an opportunity for creative young architects to experiment.

The Chicago Fire of 1871

Because a form exists in "real" space we can experience it not only visually, but also through the sense of ________.

Touch

This nineteenth-century French artist is highly regarded for the outstanding layout design of his posters for a Parisian nightclub called the Moulin Rouge.

Toulouse-Lautrec

This ancient Mycenaean stone building, built around 1250 BCE, uses a corbeled arch to span the entryway.

Treasury of Atreus

Performance artists in the Cirque du Soleil rely on bodily movements to communicate ideas without speech.

True

The lightness or darkness of a surface is the element of art called ___________.

Value

Which of the following is a medium in Ai Weiwei's installation called "According to What?"

Vases by Han Dynasty artisans

This type of arch was created by the Romans to open space overhead.

Vault

The elements of art form the basic _________ of art.

Vocabulary

In the Great Mosque (1.9.9) there are red and white stone wedges that make up the series of repeating arches that dominate the interior. What are these stone wedges called?

Voussoirs

The presence of Velazquez's self-portrait in Las Meninas indicates that the painter _________.

Wanted artists to be of high status

Artists who work outdoors, completing most of their work in the landscape, often use watercolors because of their portability. What is this outdoor painting practice called?

Working en plein air

Paul Gauguin's use of the color ________ in his depiction of a crucified Christ enhances the work's connection with the seasons, and expresses a message of optimism and rebirth.

Yellow

In a series of three photographs that reference a lack of Chinese government concern for the past, the artist Ai Weiwei captured the destruction of what valuable object?

a 2,000-year-old urn

The mechanics of the camera are very similar to those of ________.

a human eye

D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation employed innovative techniques and was used as a propaganda tool by ________.

the KKK