Art Exam 2 Study Guide (oh mee lee)

mihrab

(Islam) a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca

The Wearing Blanket, Navajo, Arizona

(feminist criticism)

Shiva

A Hindu god considered the destroyer of the world

mosque

A Muslim place of worship

vanitas goes with...

A Table of Desserts

hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms (SHIVA)

Buddhism

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha

terracotta

Hard-baked clay, used for sculpture and as a building material, It may be glazed or painted.

Buddha

Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have found a path for overcoming suffering (hinduism and buddhism)

cycle of rebirth in hinduism

Samsara

choose the statement below that uses formal, or visual analysis

The clean lines created by the contrasting dark and bright colors, in addition to the angular framing of the diner, add to the starkness of the scene

Just as some writers believe that Georgia O'Keefe's flower paintings represent female sexuality in a positive way, if writers suggested that Edward Weston's photographs made sexual references, this would indicate which of the following

The meaning of an artwork is not fixed and permanent from the moment it is made, Each writer can add new interpretations to the same works of art, Many artworks contain complex messages that can be challenging, profound, or even conflicting, Art writers can base their writings on different philosophical positions (all of the above!)

what is the best description for Gerhard Richter's paintings of the blurred image?

This blurred image reflects post-structuralist ideas of the possibility of multiple meanings in an artwork, for example, a seemingly friendly woman guilty of planning bombings and kidnappings

which of the following analysis of Seated Buddha pertains to iconographical?

This sculpture represents the Seated Buddha with cranial protrusion indicating supreme knowledge, a third, all-seeing eye, elongated earlobes recalling his relinquishing of wordly possessions, the teaching mudra (hand gestures), and yogic posture

Which of the following works is now studied and featured in museums due in part to the work of feminists who have strived to break down barriers encountered by artworks traditionally made by women

Wearing Blanket

stupa

a dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine

what is the language of paddy carrol t.'s Grub Dreaming? how is it balanced?

a kind of contour map with symbols, indicating the location of precious food and water in arid central Australia, symmetry suggests the balance of the cosmos and the ancestors, providing sustenance for humans

mausoleum

a large tomb

bronze

a mixture of copper and tin

what does the term post-structuralist mean?

a range of reactions against structuralism, but it is not a homogenous set of idea, believe that this will result not in one single meaning to an artwork but rather in multiple meanings because every viewer approaches the work with varying perspectives (Gerhand Ricter: the lady who was behind the killings and bombings)

vanitas

a still life artwork which includes various symbolic objects designed to remind the viewer of their mortality and of the worthlessness of worldly goods and pleasures

In Georgia O'Keefe's Grey Line with Lavender and Yellow, what type of imagery is this? what type of art criticism has changed its meaning?

abstract sexual imagery, feminist criticism

What other way(s) could Brancusi's Torso of a Young Man be interpreted? why?

abstracts forms of male sexuality, intended to capture the essence and universality of pure form, working in related themes such as creation, birth, life, and death (simplified)

what does the term psychoanalytical mean?

art should be studied as the product of individuals who are shaped by their pasts, their unconscious urges, and their social histories (Kay Sage)

In Jean-Auguste- Dominique Ingres' Grande Odalisque, why is it significant that the woman is alone? who is the intended viewer?

because without a lover in the scene, the odalisque is sexually available for the viewer (the European male), intended to be an erotic image for European men in the nineteenth century

what materials are used in Andy Warhol's Heinz 57 Tomato Ketchup and Del Monte Freestone Peach Halves?

blurs the distinction between art and commercial packaging and celebrates the simple colors, bold graphics, and clean layout of advertisements

In Catherine Opie's Justin Bond, what is Justin Bond (or Catherine Opie) saying to the viewer?

challenging any attempt by the viewer to see his behavior as pathological (suggests both good girl and sexual potential)

how does Sue Coe's There Is No Escape protest?

coe shows living animals being transformed into packages cuts of meat, she emphasizes the carnage and sympathizes with the pigs' fear, while the workers seem sadistic or subhuman (extremely lurid and very dark emphasizing the contemporary meat-heavy western diet)

what is feminist criticism?

concerned with the oppression of groups (especially women) in a given society, along with the oppression of their belief systems

what does the term contextual analysis mean?

consists of the external conditions that surround a work of art, context includes a host of factors, such as historical events, economic trends, contemporary cultural developments, religious attitudes, social norms, and other artworks of the time (Rembrandt's The Night Watch and Shirin Neshat's Speechless)

dia de los meurtos

day of the dead (the Spanish celebrate those who have died)

what is the subject matter of Wayne Thiebaud's Pie Counter?

deals with food as a visual display and as a popular icon rather than nutrition for the body (why it is appealing to so many americans)

what does the term ideological mean?

deals with the political underpinnings of art, all art supports some particular political agenda, cultural structure, or economic/class hierarchy (Morris Louis= abstract expressionism as culturally superior)

mortality

death

As such, her photographs reverse the terms of art and autobiography. They use art not to reveal the artist's true self, but to show the self as an imaginary construct. There is no real Cindy Sherman in these photographs, there is only the guises she assumes. And she does not create these guises, she simply chooses them in a way that any of us do (Crimp 1989): which statement about Sherman's sefl portraits is an example of which of the following modernist or postmodernist views?

deconstruction

fetish

depicts people in fetishistic situations, an object believed to have magical power to protect or aid its owner

what made Edward Weston's Artichoke Halved possible? why was this view new?

emphasis in this photo is more on structure and from than on reflections or morality or philosphy, looks closely at its inner physical beauty

what does the term formalist mean?

emphasizes formal analysis, the analysis and critique of an artwork based on the compositional arrangement of its elements

immortality

eternal life

which type of analysis is the following about the Tlaloc Vessel? The frontal and symmetrical composition of this vessel suggests an important figure with facial features reduced to geometric shapes. The vertical emphasis of the form is balanced by horizontal accents in reddish-brown, as well as the raised, twisted band across the top of the figure's head

formal analysis

what are some examples in the realm of modernist?

formalist, structuralist, ideological, psychoanalytical

sexually abstract art

forms may allude more or less to the human body, but humans themselves need not to be represented (Georgia O'Keefe's works that don't look like flowers lol)

where was the Hall of Bulls found? how might they have been used or why were they painted?

found in southern France, rituals could be performed on the animals' likenesses to ensure a successful hunt, spears and arrows were painted in or perhaps actually thrown at the image of the prey

what does the term deconstruction mean?

holds that from the inside, any system looks natural and coherent but that it is, in fact, filled with unseen contradictions, myths, or stereotypes (Cindy Sherman)

Using Abstract Expressionist works, such as Morris Louis' Blue Veil, to prove the United States was culturally superior to Communist countries in the Cold War era is a form of ________________ criticism, which asserts the position that all art supports some particular political agenda, cultural structure, or economic/class hierarchy

ideological

what does the term structuralist mean?

in order to understand a work of art, one must study the structure of art and the complex interrelationship of all its parts (structure gives meaning to an artwork)

what is formal or visual analysis?

integrated study of the elements and principles of art and the way they are used in a specific artwork (specific details like symmetry, architecture)

why does Rembrandt's the Night Watch reflect contextual analysis?

it was for middle-class patrons celebrating the local militia, which reflect social and economic developments of his time

how was the Bison with Turned Head used? Is it naturalistic? what does it tell us about the craftsman?

it was used as a part of a spear thrower, yes it represented a real bison's movement, it tells us that the craftsman made something necessary for the nomadic people so that they could find food

African Rock Painting, cave painting of Tassili n'Ajjer, 2nd mill. BCE

lower one

what material is the Three-Legged Ting with Cover? use? form? significance of materials used?

made of bronze, used in rituals to receive blessings from decreased ancestors, features circular details that complement the overall spherical form (circles repeat)

what are some examples of feminist criticism?

male gaze, nudes, Judy Chicago, Janine Antoni, Georgia O'Keefe

pop art

noted for glorifying popular culture item into art icons

what are some examples in the realm of postmodernist?

post-structuralist, deconstruction

The surreal, dream-like quality of Sage's Tomorrow Is Never would lend itself best to ________________ criticism, which holds that art should be studied as the product of individuals who are shaped by their past, their unconscious urges, and their social histories

psychoanalytic

why does Shirin Neshat's Speechless reflect contextual analysis?

reflects the political and socio-religious upheaval in iran during the 1990s

Silver Representation of a Maize Plant, Inca, Peru, 1430-1532. Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen, Berlin.

right image

In Edward Manet's Olympia, how did it scandalize the public during its time? how is Manet's painting pushing boundaries? Do you see the brushstrokes? are the colors somewhat flattened?

scandalized the public because olympia was not presented as a mythological or historical figure, Manet was attacked its content, his colors were flatter and brighter than the subdued tones of traditional academic painting

where is the artist in Duane Hanson's Self-Portrait with Model? why the life-life sculptures? what type of figures did Hanson cast? what is Hanson trying to capture?

the artist is part of the sculpture, "breaking bread" with the model, Hanson glorifies his subjects ut without idealizing them (suggests a greasy-spoon diner), he cast ordinary figures, he is trying to capture companionship during meals

mecca

the holiest city of Islam, Muhammad's birthplace

What is the significance in Janine Antoni's Gnaw the display in the back? what kind of art this? performance? what is a fetish?

the lard she spat out was mixed with pigment and beeswax and cast into 130 lipsticks (act of eating as an artistic process), sculptural art, using materials and objects that are socially defined as female fetishes, Antoni recast them in an art historical frame to raise questions about the position of women in art

What is one work that reflects the importance of contextual analysis in the production and understanding of these works?

the night watch

in Lynn Hershman's Deep Contact, to what extent does it engage the viewer? for what purpose?

the sexually seductive clothing invites the viewer to interact with the painting, purpose is up to the viewer

in Barbara Kruger's Your Body is a Battleground, how does the text interact with the image/viewer?

the viewer becomes a part of the piece, as the staring woman makes us either identify with her or see her as opposite to ourselves

qibla wall

the wall of a mosque that faces Mecca; the wall Muslims face when praying

in Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party, who sits here? what is the significant of the number of settings per side? how were these pieces made and with what important materials or processes? associated with women's work?

the women sit there, each side of the triangle has 12 settings, the number of men painted in renditions of the Last Supper, made with ceramics, china painting, and needlework, yes associated with women's work

TRUE or FALSE: Postmodernists believe that there is no original, no "real," only copies. In contrast, Modernist critics valued the original art object, a unique creation of the gifted artist

true

TRUE or FALSE: Visual culture includes the Internet, streaming, film, advertising, and social media

true

TRUE or FALSE: Where or how we encounter a work of art, whether in a photograph, as it may have been used in ritual or burial, or in a museum, will alter how we experience its meaning

true

what is the composition of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper? meaning? where was this painted?

very formal and symmetrical, with the most important figure (Jesus) in the center, image of a ritual meal is also a religious ceremony, and formally it deifies Jesus, painted in the refectory of the Dominican convent of Santa aria delle Grazie

is Silver Representation of a Maize Plant a celebration of food? what materials are used? what is the original context?

yes, glorifys how important corn was fro the incans, made of silver, incans were known to have made life-size replicas of plants and animals from gold and silver

does the African Rock Painting show a narrative? what is the relationship between humans and animals? are the lines gestural? how would you describe this composition?

yes, it shows people in hunting and herding scenes, the humans see themselves as higher than animals because they are herding them into huts, yes the lines gesture to the herding scenes that are happening, women and children are herding the cattle into their huts perhaps for food