Art History Final

early byzantine

Christianity adopted as only legal religion in Rome Greek language is official language of Rome Geography changed. New Constantinople capital that used to be a town called Byzantum

Imperial Fora Roman High Imperial 2nd Century BCE • Trajan during his rule, took on large public works programs • His additions to the Fora is his most popular project. • Functioned as administrative offices and places of judicial and commercial activity. • Each Fora has a specific temple for the patron god or goddess of the emperor. • Architect was from Damascus, Apollodorus

City Plan

Icons in byzantine art

Icons is Byzantium art can be described as portable paintings. Placed in screen of church that separates where the congregation stands and where the ministries happen. Not many survive because they were destroyed They were banned by a subsequent emperor who prohibited them being made and had current ones destroyed. Another empress named Theodora, reinstated icons.

vienna genesis late antiquity 3rd-mid 6th century CE • Writing became very popular • Books were popular • Public libraries were very common • Before typography, people copied texts by hand • Sometimes there were illustrations • Continuous narration - multiple moments going on in one narrative.

narrative image with illustration

Bowl with Kufic Border early islamic 661-13th century CE • Koran was also inscribed on functional objects.

plate with koran written on it

oceanus nereids late antiquity 3rd- mid 6th century CE

plateware

• Left wall of porch o Portraits of torments of those who failed to pray and sin

relief of torments of sin

Sulayman Ewer Early Islamic 661-13th century CE

Bird statue

Late Antiquity

The period after Constantine converted religion to Christianity and moved the capitol. The art in this period is considered "Christian Art" Term Pagan was used to diminish all of the preexisting polytheistic religion. • Pagan art refers to all of the art commissioned before this time. • Refers to the polytheism religions This time consists of Pagan and Christian art. • Polytheism vs. Monotheism 3 Monotheistic religions dominated art from this point onwards • Judaism • Christianity • Islam

suicide of judas and crucifixion late antiquity 3rd- mid 6th century CE plack on a box used to keep jewelry made out of ivory

brown carved box with jesus on cross and judas hanging himself

Opus Modernum - Opus Francigenum- Gothic Style

gothic style arches.

church of dormition middle byzantine 843-1204 CE • This church is also found in Greece • Domitian comes from the Latin word for sleep so this church is commemorated to the passing of the Virgin Mary. • Well known for its mosaics

looks just like the san vitale and hosius mixed

Islamic Art

Monotheistic religions are primary kinds of religions • Part of the Christianity religions Middle Eastern Empire was mostly inhabited by nomads. • Not many political establishments yet. A man named Muhammad married a wealthy woman who owned a caravan. • He combined different elements from preexisting religions to create Islam • He was named a prophet. • He was the last prophet in a sequence of notable prophets like Abraham. • He was chased out of his hometown Mecca because people did not agree with his teachings. • His journey was called "Izra" and it lasted for 8 years. He gathered soldiers and then returned to Mecca to establish Islam. Islam began spreading out extremely rapidly in the east, north, west, and south.

Feudal Europe • Feudalism is a kind of organization between land owners and those who worked it. • Top is the king who bestowed his land onto different noble mans.

Romanesque Art