Arteries of the Head and Neck - Head and Neck 2
What three structures branch directly off the aortic arch?
- Brachiocephalic trunk - Left common carotid - Left subclavian
What are the branches of the subclavian artery?
- Vertebral a. - Internal thoracic a. - Thyrocervical trunk - Costocervical trunk - Dorsal scapular a. (may branch from transverse cervical a.)
What are the branches of the pterygoid (second) part of the maxillary artery?
- deep temporal branches (anterior and posterior) - pterygoid branches (medial and lateral) - masseteric artery - buccal (or buccinator) artery
What are the branches of the lingual artery?
- dorsal lingual a. - sublingual a. - deep lingual a.
What 4 branches of the ICA do we need to know?
- ophthalmic a. - posterior communicating a. - middle cerebral a. - anterior cerebral a.
What is the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis) formed by?
1. ICA 2. Anterior cerebral artery 3. Middle cerebral artery 4. Posterior cerebral artery 5. Anterior communicating artery 6. Posterior communicating artery
What are the 8 branches of the ECA?
1. Superior thyroid a. 2. Ascending pharyngeal a. 3. Lingual a. 4. Facial a. 5. Occipital a. 6. Posterior auricular a. 7. Maxillary a. 8. Superficial temporal a.
How many terminal branches does the facial artery have? What are they?
2 Lateral (dorsal) nasal a. Angular a.
How many major branches does the ECA have?
8
What artery supplies the maxillary canines and incisors, corresponding buccal gingiva and maxillary sinus?
Anterior superior alveolar artery
Where is the carotid body located?
At the bifurcation of the common carotid
Does the carotid sinus have chemoreceptors or baroreceptors?
Baroreceptors
The vertebral arteries combine to form what artery?
Basilar artery
The vertebral artery travels through the foramina of _________ through _______, then through the ________________ ____________.
C1 C6 foramen magnum
Where does the common carotid bifurcate? What does it branch into?
C3 Becomes ICA and ECA
What nerve does the lingual artery cross?
CNXII - hypoglossal
Which is sensitive to blood pressure, carotid body or carotid sinus?
Carotid sinus
What is another name for the cerebral arterial circle?
Circle of Willis
What are the 5 branches of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery?
DAMIA - deep auricular - anterior tympanic - middle meningeal - inferior alveolar - accessory meningeal
What are the 4 branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery?
DPMB - deep temporal branches (anterior and posterior) - pterygoid branches (medial and lateral) - masseteric a. - buccal (or buccinator) a.
What branch of the lingual artery would be affected by a laceration on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Deep lingual a.
Which branch of the lingual artery supplies the base (root) and body of tongue (posterior 2/3), palatine tonsils, epiglottis
Dorsal lingual a.
Does the ICA or ECA supply most of the head and neck?
ECA
What does the stylomastoid artery supply?
Ear and petrosal region
How is bleeding halted for a laceration in the anterior 1/3 of tongue?
Grasping the tongue between the finger and thumb posterior to the laceration, occluding the branches of the lingual artery
What muscles does the lingual artery travel between?
Hyoglossus and genioglossus
Does the ICA or ECA supply the brain?
ICA
The basilar artery joins the __________ to supply blood to the _____________.
ICA brain
What are the branches of the facial portion of the facial artery?
ISLA - Inferior labial a. - Superior labial a. - Lateral (dorsal) nasal a. - Angular a.
What artery supplies the mandibular teeth and buccal gingiva?
Inferior alveolar a.
What artery becomes the anterior superior alveolar artery?
Infraorbital artery
What are the arteries of stroke, and what do they branch from?
Lenticulostriate arteries Branch from middle cerebral artery
What are the three regions of the maxillary artery?
Mandibular Pterygoid Pterygopalatine
What artery is most often occluded in cerebrovascular accident (stroke)>
Middle cerebral artery
What is the largest branch of the ICA?
Middle cerebral artery
Does the ICA branch in the neck?
No - it courses through the neck in the carotid sheath without branching
What does the angular artery anastomose with?
Ophthalmic artery (ICA)
What are the 6 branches of the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery?
PIPADS - posterior superior alveolar a. - infraorbital a. - pharyngeal a. - artery of pterygoid canal - descending palatine a. - sphenopalatine (nasopalatine) a.
What is the function of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)?
Provides collateral circulation in case of obstruction
What is the mnemonic for the 8 branches of the ECA?
Some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students
What is the branch of the posterior auricular artery?
Stylomastoid artery
What artery supplies the TMJ and parotid gland?
Superficial temporal artery
What are the 2 terminal branches of the ECA?
Superficial temporal artery Maxillary artery
What are the branches of the superior thyroid artery?
Superior laryngeal artery
What does the ascending pharyngeal artery do?
Supplies the pharyngeal wall including tonsils, soft palate
What does the superior thyroid artery do?
Supplies the thyroid gland
What are the branches of the cervical portion of the facial artery?
TAGS - Tonsillar branch - Ascending palatine a. - Glandular a. - Submental a.
What is the mnemonic for the branches of the facial artery?
TAGS (cervical portion) ISLA (facial portion)
What makes the lenticulostriate arteries susceptible to stroke?
Thin-walled, can rupture
How does the ICA enter the skull?
Through the carotid canal
What is the branch of the superficial temporal artery?
Transverse facial artery
What is the mnemonic for the branches of the subclavian artery?
VITamin C and D
How does the ophthalmic artery enter the orbit?
Via the optic canal (with the optic nerve)
Where do the terminal branches of the ECA branch?
Within the parotid gland
What is the smallest branch of the ECA?
ascending pharyngeal artery
What artery supplies the buccinator muscle?
buccal or buccinator artery
The basilar artery joins the ______________ arterial circle.
cerebral
Does the carotid body have chemoreceptors or baroreceptors?
chemoreceptors
What arteries of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery supply the TMJ?
deep auricular a. anterior tympanic a.
Which branch of the lingual artery supplies the anterior 1/3 of tongue?
deep lingual a.
What is the terminal branch of the lingual artery?
deep lingual artery
What artery supplies the temporalis muscle?
deep temporal artery
What artery supplies the face, including lips, submandibular gland and muscles of facial expression?
facial artery
What artery supplies the anterior mandibular teeth?
incisive artery
The subclavian artery travels __________ to the trachea, passing between the _________________ and ______________ scalenes.
latera anterior middle
What does the inferior labial artery supply?
lower lip
The inferior alveolar artery travels through the ______________ canal with the IA nerve
mandibular
What artery supplies the masseteric muscle and TMJ?
masseteric artery
The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the ________________ artery, from the _________.
maxillary ECA
All teeth are supplied by direct or indirect branches of what artery?
maxillary artery
What artery supplies the maxilla, mandible, palate, and muscles of mastication?
maxillary artery
What artery supplies the chin and labial gingiva of anterior mandibular teeth?
mental artery
What artery is involved in epidural hematomas?
middle meningeal a.
What artery supplies the meninges and middle cranial fossa?
middle meningeal a. also accessory meningeal (but not the middle cranial fossa)
What artery is involved with head trauma at the pterion?
middle meningeal artery
What artery supplies the meninges and calvaria?
middle meningeal artery
What are the branches of the inferior alveolar artery?
mylohyoid artery, incisive artery, mental artery
What does the angular artery supply?
nasal root, medial eye
What does the submental artery supply?
oral floor, chin, submandibular gland
What does the lateral (dorsal) nasal artery supply?
outside of nose
What does the tonsillar branch of the facial artery supply?
palatine tonsils
What arteries supplies the pharynx?
pharyngeal artery artery of pterygoid canal
What does the ascending palatine artery supply?
pharyngeal wall, palatine tonsils, soft palate
What artery supplies the maxillary premolars and molars, corresponding buccal gingiva and maxillary sinus?
posterior superior alveolar artery
The mental artery divides opposite to the first ___________________.
premolars
What artery supplies the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?
pterygoid branches of the second part of the maxillary artery
The maxillary artery travels through the _____________ fissure and _________________ fossa.
pterygomaxillary pterygopalatine
The middle meningeal artery travels through the foramen _________________.
spinosum
The stylomastoid artery travels through the _________________ foramen with CN______________.
stylomastoid VII
Which branch of the lingual artery supplies the sublingual gland, mylohyoid, oral floor, oral cavity, and the lingual gingiva of mandibular teeth?
sublingual a.
The facial artery passes along the ___________________ gland.
submandibular
What does the glandular artery supply?
submandibular gland
The transverse facial artery passes immediately _____________ to the parotid duct across ______________ muscle and face.
superior masseter
The facial artery passes ________________ over the body of the mandible at the __________________ muscle in a tortuous pattern to supply the face.
superiorly masseter
The superior laryngeal artery travels through the ______________ membrane
thyrohyoid
What does the lingual artery supply?
tongue, sublingual gland, palatine tonsils, floor of mouth
What does the superior labial artery supply?
upper lip
