ASCI 001 Final Exam
About how many years ago did humans begin drinking cow's milk?
10,000 years ago
In thinking about dietary intake and nutrient results, what is the % protein in a feed sample on a dry matter basis if you know that the amount on an as-fed basis is 4.0%? The % dry matter content of the feed sample has been determined to be 25%.
16%
When was the Animal Welfare Act first passed within the United States?
1966
How long has the UVM CREAM program been in existence?
30 years
In order for cattle to be considered in the Certified Angus Beef designation, how much of their hair coat should be black?
51%
What percentage of the world's milk production comes from dairy cattle?
83%
What is the correct term for a dairy cow that is no longer producing milk?
A dry cow
What is Animal Assisted Education?
A goal-oriented, planned and structured form of animal assisted intervention that is directed by a general education or special education professional. An example includes reading aloud to dog to focus academic goals, prosocial skills and cognitive functioning.
A horse will use this type of vocalization to establish dominance:
A roar
In animal assisted interventions, which type of animal must carry identification on it?
A therapy animal
In the polygastric (ruminant) digestive system, this compartment is most like the stomach of humans in that it secretes the same enzymes and stomach acid for digestion:
Abomasum
What method helps a cow to enter the "drying off" period?
Abruptly stop milking the cow all at once
Phenotype refers to the _________________ of an individual.
Actual physical appearance
A Black Baldy refers to a cross-bred commercial beef animal consisting of which two breeds?
Angus and Hereford
Animal proteins are superior to plant proteins for human consumption because:
Animal proteins contain all the essential amino acids
What is the term used to describe a set of preventative measures designed to minimize the risk of introducing infectious disease into an animal population?
Biosecurity
Which dairy animal is the second highest producers of milk in the world?
Buffaloes
The 3 most-traded dairy commodities on the world market are:
Cheese, Butter, Dry (Powdered) Milk
What country is the biggest importer of dairy products?
China
World demand for food of animal origin is anticipated to double during the next 25 years. The things primarily driving this trend are:
Continued growth in world population and increasing economic development of less-developed countries.
An acronym often used to help diagnose illness in zoo animals is:
DAMNIT Degenerative, Autoimmune, Metabolic, Neoplasia, Infectious/inflammatory, Traumatic/toxic
Maintaining human and animal safety is of utmost importance when handling zoological animals. Zoo caretakers do this by:
Daily training of animals, using sedation, and using visual exams and current behavior to assess wellness
Where is a cow's blind spot located?
Directly behind her
What is the name of the scientist best recognized for her contributions in transforming the way food animals are handled at the end of their lives in U.S. slaughterhouse facilities?
Dr. Temple Grandin
According to the trainers at Waggles, when do you press the clicker when training a dog?
During the desired behavios
Which of the following forms of animal assisted intervention is covered/protected by the FHA (Federal Housing Administration) laws?
Emotional support animals
An animal population that is in current danger of becoming extinct is called?
Endangered species
What does Dry Matter represent?
Everything in the feed sample other than the water, and it includes protein, fiber, fat, minerals, etc.
"Is it wrong to remove a calf from its mother?" is a question best answered by science, rather ethics. True or False?
False
A horse's ears turned to the side indicates the horse is distrustful of the present situation. True or False?
False
During the breeding season a single ram might be placed with a group of 25-30 ewes, will breed 3 or 4 ewes per day, and will gain a lot of weight during the breeding season. True or False?
False
For animals under quarantine at a zoo, the animal must be isolated from all other animals. True or False?
False
Indirect contact is more likely to spread disease among animals than direct animal-to-animal contact. True or False?
False
When a horse moves its neck from side to side (snaking), it should be interpreted as a friendly gesture. True or False?
False
When haltering a horse, the halter should be placed over the ears first. True or False?
False
When leading a horse, always turn the horse toward you rather than away from you to help guide it. True or False?
False
In animal research, a Category E animal is one that will experience more than momentary pain or distress, but is relieved by analgesia. True or False?
False (this would be defined as a category D)
A cow has 4 stomachs. True or False?
False. One stomach, 4 compartments.
In considering the well-being of animals, Ethics asks the question, "what is?" whereas Science asks the question, "what should be?" True or False?
False. Ethics asks the question of "what should be?" and Science asks the question of "what is?"
What is the term for female pig that has not yet had a litter?
Gilt
Individuals with 2 different alleles of a particular gene are _____________ for that gene.
Heterozygous
The cows that are currently at the UVM dairy farm are what breed?
Holstein
What is the primary breed of cattle used for dairy in the United States?
Holstein
From a biosecurity standpoint, which of the following is the appropriate order for visiting the animals at the Hardacre and Miller Farms?
Horse barn, Calves, Cow barn
Equine therapy can be beneficial for trauma-related disorders (e.g., PTSD) because:
Horses have evolved as accepting and kind animals
Which of the following countries to this day remains the most reliant on animal power for agricultural purposes?
India
What is one disadvantage of managing dairy cattle using a tie stall?
It is labor intensive
What is the second most abundant type of dairy cattle breed in the U.S. (~5.5% of the total population)?
Jersey
In terms of milk production, which of the following distinguishes Jersey cows from Holstein cows?
Jersey milk has a higher fat content
Which of the following species does ovulation not occur on the surface of the ovary?
Mare
What is the commonly used animal in animal research?
Mice/rats
In animal welfare, the three components we focus on in terms of determining whether or not we provide a good life for animals are?
Mind, nature, body
In understanding body language of horses, when the horse's ears are turned forward, it means the horse is?
Paying attention/interested
Which of the following agricultural products is anticipated to double in terms of human consumption in the next 25 years, especially in developing countries?
Poultry
In animal welfare and research, what do the three "R's" stand for?
Replacement, Reduction, Refinement
What is the correct order of passage of food in polygastric animals?
Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum
Which of the following forms of animal assisted intervention is covered/protected by the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) and state laws?
Service animals
What is the correct term for castrated male cattle?
Steer
What is a term used in the beef industry to describe a weaned calf (male or female) that is being grown on pasture prior to placement in a feedlot for finishing?
Stocker
Which of the following is not typically part of a cow's diet?
Straw
What is the name of the essential amino acid necessary for cats to synthesize bile acids for digestion?
Taurine
The reason why milking horses is difficult and commercially impractical is because:
The foal must be present to stimulate milk production and the mare must be milked 5-6 times per day.
In the digestive tract of the chicken, this organ is very muscular and contains "grit", which helps grind food particles into smaller pieces.
The gizzard
What is biosecurity?
The results of or actions taken to protect animal, plant, or human health from disease causing agents. Examples include: *keeping a virus locked in a freezer at a high security lab *washing your hands before you eat *Booties/coveralls *vaccinations
Ruminants (e.g., cows and sheep) are considered to be "bio-converters" in animal agriculture. What does this mean?
They convert low quality pasture/grassland into products (e.g., meat, milk) suitable for human consumption
A(n) ____________ ____________ is an animal population that is likely to become endangered in the future.
Threatened species
What is the Frozen Ark/it's mission?
To collect, preserve, and conserve tissue, gametes, viable cells, and DNA of animal species facing extinction by providing infrastructure, expertise, partnership, and coordination for endangered animal biobanking.
What are some benefits of clicker training (or marker training) in dogs?
Training sessions can last longer and you can do several reputations of the same behavior without losing the dog's interest or affecting his motivation
A free stall housing system for dairy cows is by far the most common system seen in large herd (>1,000 cows) U.S. dairies today. True or False?
True
A horse is an example of a herbivore with a mono gastric digestive tract. True or False?
True
A threatened species is an animal population likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future. True or False?
True
Among the many benefits of agricultural animals: recreation, clothing, conservation and power are a few. True or False?
True
An uncastrated male turkey is called "Tom", whereas a castrated male turkey is called a "Capon". True or False?
True
Commercial beef, lamb, pork and poultry producers need to target a certain "live weight" in their animals in order to obtain the best market price. True or False?
True
Cows have teeth only in the lower half of their mouth. True or False?
True
Fear, pain, and distress can negatively affect animal products as well as cause danger to personnel and other animals. True or False?
True
Horses evolved as prey animals that when fear arises, they react by running; the flight portion of fight or flight. True or False?
True
How an animal responds (in terms of growth, reproduction, health, and affective state) to its environment (including weather, housing, handling, feeding, etc.) can be assessed by externally observable behaviors and internal physiological changes. True or False?
True
In comparing Bos Indicus with Bos Taurus cattle, Bos Indicus generally have superior disease resistance and tolerance to warm climates. True or False?
True
In dairy cattle, most heifers are bred for the first time about 15 months of age. True or False?
True
In thinking about your future career path in animal sciences, internships are a great introduction to a chosen occupation. True or False?
True
The flight zone of a cow can be reduced with constant positive human interaction and time. True or False?
True
The routine physical examination of a zoo animal includes far more diagnostics work-up than a routine examination for a companion animal. True or False?
True
When a sow is close to farrowing she will display nesting behavior, so providing ample and sufficient nesting material is a recommended management practice. True or False?
True
When considering the continued ride in U.S. per capita consumption of Italian cheeses over the past 30 years, increased pizza consumption is most likely responsible for this. True or False?
True
When haltering a cow, the halter should be placed over the ears first. True or False?
True
Zoo animals must have at least 3 negative fecal exams to be moved out of quarantine. True or False?
True
What is the Flehman Response? (horses)
When a horse curls its upper lip in response to the smell of a strong order
A horse's field of vision toward the front of its head is considered:
bionocular
A horse is standing with one hind leg cocked. His ears are neutral. His body is at rest. The horse is? a.) about to kick b.) lame c.) resting
c.) resting
Approximately 3 months after calving, the cow: a.) reaches her peak lactation b.) is bred and hopefully pregnant with her next calf c.) is dried off d.) a and b only
d.) a and b only
Which of the following is considered a companion animal? a.) dogs b.) cats c.) horses d.) all of the above
d.) all of the above
The flight zone of an animal depends upon: a.) age of the animal b.) species of the animal c.) health of the animal d.) previous experiences that the animal has had e.) all of the above
e.) all of the above
Animal research models are used for all of the following, EXCEPT: a.) microsurgery b.) immunization c.) cataract removal d.) cancer treatment e.) none; all of the above are legitimate uses of animal research models
e.) none; all of the above are legitimate uses of animal research models
Which of the following is a form of biosecurity? a.) foot bath b.) vaccinating the herd c.) booties/coveralls for visitors d.) quarantine of new animals e.) elimination/reduction of pests f.) all of the above
f.) all of the above
The "I" in the acronym DAMNIT stands for?
infectious/inflammatory
In ruminants, the rumen microbes provide several benefits to the animal. What benefits does the rumen of the animal provide to the microbes?
optimum temperature for growth, optimum pH through buffers and salivation, and provides substrates and removes end-products
What are three characteristics of Raptors?
sharp talons, strong beak, exceptional hearing
While working at a Thoroughbred breeding facility, you lead a young stallion past a paddock containing an older stallion. As you pass the paddock the older stallion runs to the fence with his head slightly lowered and his ears pinned back, moving his head from side-to-side. This head movement is sometimes called _________________ and means that the older stallion is _______________ by the presence of the younger stallion.
snaking, agitated
A horse is licking and chewing when the handler is working with him. This indicates what?
the horse is processing the training