Assessment Screening for Drugs and Alcohol

Two Item Conjoin Screen for Alcohol and Other Drug Problems TICS

A "conjoint" screening question is one that inquires about experiences with both alcohol and other drugs. Though conjoint screening questions carry some disadvantages (an alcohol-only user may avoid responding affirmatively to a question that also includes drugs, and conjoint questions also do not detect specific substances of abuse), they do carry benefits as well. For one thing, patients who use multiple substances may be more likely to respond positively to a conjoint question than to questions about each specific substance.

Lubeck Alcohol Dependence and Abuse Screening Test LAST

A brief, but sensitive, screening questionnaire is important when trying to detect patients with alcohol dependence or abuse, in general, hospitals or general practices. The CAGE, while short, is not particularly sensitive, and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), while sensitive, is not particularly short. For this reason, the authors created the LAST, which combines items from the CAGE and the MAST, in order to create a more sensitive and useful brief screening tool.

Pain Frequency, Intensity, and Burdan Scale P-FIB

A measurement of pain is important in both clinical and research samples. Although several tools have been developed to aid in the measurement of pain, no gold standard brief pain assessment is universally utilized. This measure, developed as part of a study in NIDA's National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN), was created to measure multiple aspects of pain.

Prescription Drug Use Questionnaire PDUQ

Clinicians have increasingly begun to understand that physical dependence and tolerance do not constitute addiction in patients with chronic pain who take opioid analgesics regularly. In the context of sanctioned long-term opioid therapy, therefore, it can be difficult to identify addiction. The PDUQ is a 42-item screening tool developed to assist in the recognition of addictive disease in chronic pain patients who use opioid medications to relieve their pain.

Current Opioid Misuse Measure Comm

Clinicians recognize the importance of monitoring aberrant medication-related behaviors of chronic pain patients being prescribed opioid therapy. The COMM is a brief (17 items), self-report measure of current aberrant drug-related behavior, and may serve as a useful tool for those providers who need to document their patients' continued compliance and appropriate use of opioids for pain. The COMM is designed to address ongoing medication misuse by asking patients to describe how they are currently using their medication.

Driving Angry Scale DAS

Driving Angry Scale DAS Term This scale was designed to provide a measure of driving anger for the purposes of research on health risk. Two versions were developed: a 33-item scale with six subscales (Hostile Gestures, Illegal Driving, Police Presence, Slow Driving, Discourtesy, and Traffic Obstructions) and a 14-item short form. Items describe potentially anger-provoking scenarios that might occur while someone is driving. Respondents rate each item as to the degree to which the situation would anger them.

Opioid Risk Tool ORT

Early awareness of aberrant medication-taking behavior and subsequent physician action could disrupt behavioral patterns of medication misuse and addiction, and improve treatment outcomes. The ORT is an office-based tool designed to predict the probability of a patient displaying aberrant behaviors when prescribed opioids for chronic pain. It assesses patients for family and personal history of alcohol; illegal drug and prescription substance abuse; age; history of preadolescent sexual abuse; and specific mental disorders.

H-Impairment Index HII

Emergency departments (EDs) care for thousands of alcohol-intoxicated patients annually. Alcohol impairs cognition and perception of pain, making obtaining an accurate history and doing a physical examination difficult for healthcare providers. Impaired patients therefore often require lengthy observations period, which may result in the loss of first-hand observations and other information critical to care.

Self-Control Scale

High self-control appears to be a predictor of more positive outcomes from treatment while low self-control is a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems. This relatively brief, paper-and-pencil measure was designed to assess individual differences in self-control. Items in the scale are rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (not at all like me) to 5 (very much like me).

Motivation to Stop Scale MTSS

In relation to motivation to stop smoking, it has been found that intention and desire to stop are predictive of quit attempts, while belief alone that one should stop is not. The Motivation To Stop Scale was developed to incorporate those elements into a simple, single-item measure of motivation to quit.

Problematic Pornography Use Scale PPUS

Increased internet use over the past few decades has been accompanied by an increased consumption and societal acceptance of pornography. Both trends may contribute to an increase in self-reported problematic pornography use, including what some have labeled‚"pornography addiction." Using an addiction framework that addresses measures of mental health, attachment and excessive/addictive engagement in sex, and Internet use.

Smoking-Related Weight and Eating Episodes Test

Many smokers believe that smoking helps them control their weight, and concerns about weight gain can interfere with smoking cessation. The Smoking-Related Weight and Eating Episodes Test was created to assist in the measurement of general weight concerns related to smoking. The 10-item SWEET uses four subscales: smoking to suppress appetite, smoking to prevent overeating, smoking to cope with body dissatisfaction, and withdrawal-related appetite increases.

Needle Fixation Profile

NEFPRO has been designed to be a clinical tool to help identify needle fixation in individuals and to pinpoint which aspects of needle fixation might be relevant to the injecting drug user (IDU). It is not designed to be a research tool, there is no relevance in a cumulative score, and the items have not been tested for independence. NEFPRO is a 10-item scale.

NIDA-Modified Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, NIDA Quick Screen

NMASSIST is a screening tool for drug use, in general, medical settings. Also called NIDA Quick Screen, it is a web-based interactive tool that guides clinicians through a short series of screening questions and, based on the patient's responses, generates a substance involvement score that suggests the level of intervention needed. The tool also provides links to resources for conducting a brief intervention and treatment referral, if warranted.

Montreal Cognitive Assessment MoCA

Neuropsychological impairment among patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) contributes to poorer treatment processes and outcomes. However, neuropsychological assessment is not typically an aspect of patient evaluation in SUD treatment programs because it prohibitively time and resource consuming. The MoCA is a brief screening measure designed to identify cognitive impairment among SUD patients.

TWEAK

TWEAK is a five-item scale developed originally to screen for risk drinking during pregnancy (however, the items are not gendered specific and the scale can be used with either women or men). It is an acronym for the following: T= Tolerance: "How many drinks can you hold?" (or, "How many drinks does it take to make you feel high?") W= Worried: "Have close friends or relatives Worried or Complained about your drinking in the past year?" E= Eye-openers: "Do you sometimes take a drink in the morning when you first get up?" A= Amnesia (blackouts); "Has a friend or family member ever told you about things you said or did while you were drinking that you could not remember?" K(C)= Cut Down: "Do you sometimes feel the need to cut down on your drinking?"

Alcohol Craving Experience Questionnaire ACE

The 27-item ACE was developed to measure sensory aspects of craving (imagining taste, smell, or sensations of drinking and intrusive cognitions associated with craving) when craving was maximal during the previous week (ACE-S: Strength, 13 items), and to assess frequency of desire-related thoughts in the past week (ACE-F: Frequency, 14 items).

Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen BBGS

The 3-item BBGS is based on the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for pathological gambling. This scale is extremely practical for clinical application because it uses only 3 items and they are easy to ask, answer, and include in all modes of interviewing, including self-administered surveys.

Brief Individual Readiness for Change Scale BIRCS

The 4-item BIRCS is intended to provide practitioners and program administrators with a brief screening tool to gauge quickly whether individuals providing services are prepared to implement research- or evidence-based practices. Instead of focusing on the recipients of the practice techniques as is more often found in current literature, the BIRCS focuses on the providers. It is based on the belief that the successful provision of any practice technique rests with those who provide the services, the individual practitioners, as shaped by their skills, resources, and beliefs.

Addiction Admission Scale AAS

The AAS is an MMPI-2 scale that detects alcohol/drug abuse problems in the context of a clinical personality assessment. The AAS consists of 13 items and is available in either pencil-and-paper self-administered or computer self-administered format. It is especially helpful for literate, adult subjects with at least a sixth-grade reading level.

Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test ASSIST

The ASSIST is an 8-item questionnaire developed by an international group of substance abuse researchers for the World Health Organization. Its purpose is to detect psychoactive substance use and related problems among primary care patients The ASSIST provides information about: the substances people have ever used in their lifetime; the substances they have used in the past three months; problems related to substance use; risk of current or future harm; the level of dependence; and injecting drug use.

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test AUDT

The AUDIT was developed by Tom Babor and others for the World Health Organization to identify persons whose alcohol consumption has become hazardous or harmful to their health. It is a 10-item screening questionnaire with 3 questions on the amount and frequency of drinking, 3 questions on alcohol dependence, and 4 on problems caused by alcohol. All of the questions are scored using a 5-point Likert scale. The AUDIT takes under 2 minutes to administer.

Addiction Behavior Checklist ABC

The Addiction Behaviors Checklist is a brief, 20-item instrument designed to track behaviors characteristic of addiction related to prescription opioid medications in chronic pain populations. The tool was designed to be administered in an interview format and scored based on the participant's responses to questions.

Addiction Disorder Screen-7 ADS-7

The Addictive Disorders Screen‚(ADS-7) is an addictive disorder screening tool to predict potential risk for seven addictive disorders: chemical dependency (drugs) chemical dependency (alcohol) compulsive buying (or shopping addiction) compulsive gambling eating disorders workaholism sex addictions

Brice Symptom Inventory BSI

The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) is a multidimensional symptom inventory designed to reflect psychological symptom patterns of psychiatric and medical patients. This 53-item self-report is the short form of the SCL-90-R instrument. Like the SCL-90-R instrument, the BSI can be useful in the initial evaluation of patients at intake as an objective method of screening for psychological problems.

CAGE

The CAGE is a 4-item, relatively nonconfrontational questionnaire for detection of alcoholism, usually phrased, as "have you ever" but may be focused to delineate past or present alcohol problems. Because it requires less than one minute for administration, it is a useful bedside clinical desk instrument and has become the favorite of family practice physicians, general internists, and nurses.

CAGE Adapted to Include Drugs CAGE-AID

The CAGE-AID modifies the CAGE questions for use in screening for drugs other than alcohol. Like the CAGE, the CAGE-AID focuses on lifetime use; although individuals who are drug dependent may screen positive, individuals who are at risk may not.

Child Abuse Potential Inventory Form

The CAP Inventory was designed primarily as a screening tool for the detection of physical child abuse by protective services workers in their investigations of reported child abuse cases. It is a 160-item, reliable and valid objective self-report screening instrument that can assist protective services workers in making case decisions.

College Alcohol Problem Scale - Revised CAPS-r

The CAPS-r is an 8-item self-report scale (the original CAPS had 10 items). In clinical settings, the CAPS-r can be used as an initial screen to estimate the relative frequency with which clients experience drinking-related personal and social problems.

Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory CSBI

The CSBI is a 28-item questionnaire designed to identify individuals with compulsive sexual behaviors, a constellation of sexual behaviors defined as extreme in number and intrusiveness, engaged in as a modifier of emotional issues, and which involves a significant disruption in normal interpersonal functioning.

Cannabis Use Problems Identification Test

The CUPIT is a brief cannabis-screening instrument that is reliable, valid, and acceptable for use across diverse community settings and consumers of all ages. It has clear potential to assist with the achievement of public health goals to reduce cannabis-related harms in the community. It reliably classifies both currently diagnosable and potentially problematic cannabis use among respondents.

Compulsive Buying Scale CBS

The Compulsive Buying Scale is designed to screen for buying or shopping addiction, assessing the level of compulsive-like buying behavior in a respondent. The original thirteen question version of this scale uses items built around three dimensions: the tendency to spend reactive aspect post-purchase guilt.

Drug Use Disorders Identification Test DUDIT

The DUDIT is an 11-item self-administered screening instrument for drug-related problems, giving information on the level of drug intake and selected criteria for substance abuse / harmful use and dependence according to the ICD-10 and DSM diagnostic systems. It was developed to complement the AUDIT; both instruments yield scores on a continuous interval scale and can easily be used in criminal justice, addiction treatment, and psychiatric settings.

Dartmouth Assessment of Lifestyle Inventory DALI

The Dartmouth Assessment of Lifestyle Instrument (DALI), is a brief, easy to use, 18-item screening tool designed to assess substance abuse among individuals with mental illness. Items in the scale cover alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use, and ask questions such as "how much money have you spent on [drug] in the last 6 months?" "how long was your last period of voluntary abstinence from [drug]?" The instrument takes about six minutes to administer and is tailored for psychiatric patients in acute-care settings.

Drug Abuse Screening Test

The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) was designed to provide a brief instrument for clinical and non-clinical screening to detect drug abuse or dependence disorders. It is most useful in settings in which seeking treatment for drug use problems is not the patient's stated goal. In addition, The DAST provides a general measure of lifetime problem severity that can be used to guide further inquiry into drug-related problems and to help determine treatment intensity.

Drug Check Problem List

The DrugCheck Problem List (PL) is a screening measure that assesses recent problems resulting from the use of a specified substance. The initial eight items of the scale were adapted from the Problem Drinking Questionnaire and represent areas of functional impact. Four additional items (9-12) were adapted from questions in the CIDI, covering psychological impacts of the substance use.

Eating Attitudes Teat EAT

The Eating Attitudes Test is designed to help a subject determine if their eating behaviors and attitudes warrant further evaluation. It is one of the most widely-used scales for assessing anorexia nervosa. There are three versions of the EAT: a 12-item version (EAT-12), a 26-item version (EAT-26) and a 40-item version (EAT-40).

Exercise Addiction Inventory EAI

The Exercise Addiction Inventory is a short form inventory that was developed to quickly and easily identify people at risk from exercise addiction. The EAI Short Form consists of six items ranked on a scale of 1 to 5 (where 1 is "strongly disagree" and 5 is "strongly agree"). Items include "Exercise is the most important thing in my life" and "If I have to miss an exercise session, I feel moody and irritable." The instrument has been demonstrated to be psychometrically sound, with good internal reliability, content validity, concurrent validity, and construct validity.

Fast Alcohol Screening Test FAST

The FAST is a 4-question screening instrument designed for use in busy medical centers though it has been shown to be reliable in other settings as well. It was developed from the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). A significant feature is the ability of the first question to identify 50% of patients as either alcohol abusers or not.

Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence FTND, FTN, FTQ

The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence was designed to provide an ordinal measure of nicotine dependence related to cigarette smoking. It contains six items that evaluate the quantity of cigarette consumption, the compulsion to use, and dependence. It is useful as a screen for nicotine dependence and as a severity rating that can be used for treatment planning and prognostic judgments.

General Health Questionnaire-28 GHQ-28

The GHQ-28 is a 28-item self-report measure which identifies short-term changes in health perception. The GHQ-28 is a scaled version of the GHQ designed on the basis of results from principal components analysis, with four sub-scales (A) Somatic Symptoms (B) Anxiety / Insomnia (C) Social Dysfunction (D) Severe Depression. It is a widely used measure of psychological health and has strong psychometric properties.

Gambler Addiction Index GAI

The Gambler Addiction Index (GAI) is a test specifically designed for gambler assessment. The Gambler Addiction Index (GAI) has 166 items and takes 35 minutes to complete. It is computer-scored with reports printed within 3 minutes on-site.

Higher Power Relationship Scale HPRS

The HPRS is a brief instrument designed for easy administration and scoring that may be of use to social work educators, researchers, and practitioners, particularly those who work in the field of addictions. It's 17 items measure the degree or magnitude of the relationships that individuals have with their "higher power" (a 12-step program concept that refers to the individuals' understanding of a power greater than themselves).

Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview HRS-I

The Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview is a brief 5-item semi-structured interview that assesses the five primary features of compulsive hoarding: clutter, difficulty discarding, acquisition, distress, and impairment. The scale shows promise as both a diagnostic instrument and as a means for determining the severity of compulsive hoarding.

Hooked on Nicotine Checklist HONC

The Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) is a 10-item screening tool originally developed to assess the loss of autonomy over tobacco in adolescent smokers. It is a standardized index that can be applied across the lifespan because it is sufficiently sensitive to pinpoint the onset of lost autonomy in novice smokers and reliably distinguishes between degrees of lost autonomy among those who have been smoking for many years. The HONC may be useful to practicing clinicians as a self-administered office tool.

Internet Addiction Test

The IAT is a 20-item questionnaire on which respondents are asked to rate items on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (always), covering the degree to which their Internet use affects their daily routine, social life, productivity, sleeping pattern, and feelings. It was modeled on the DSM criteria for pathological gambling.

Iowa Alcoholic Stages Indes IASI

The Index aims to be a simple procedure for determining the stages in the alcoholic process, for the purpose of rehabilitation program planning as well as for fitting rehabilitation to individual needs.

Jellinek-PTSD

The Jellinek-PTSD is an adaptation of the Primary Care PTSD (PC-PTSD) screening questionnaire for use among civilian substance use disorder patients (the PC-PTSD was developed for use with veterans). Both scales begin by providing a definition of traumatic events with a list of potentially traumatic experiences (e.g., serious accident, rape, sexual abuse). Participants are asked to mark all traumatic events they have experienced (or to write in one not listed), and then to fill out four yes/no items, reflecting on reexperiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, and numbing symptoms.

Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K10 and K6

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a widely used, simple self-report measure of psychological distress, which can be used to identify those in need of further assessment for anxiety and depression. This measure was designed for use in the general population to detect high-prevalence mental health disorders; however, it may also serve as a useful clinical tool, and scores may be an indicator of mental health disorders with lower population prevalence (e.g. schizophrenia). In addition, the tool can also be used as an outcome measure.

Life Events Checklist LEC

The Life Events Checklist (LEC) is a brief, 17-item, self-report measure designed to screen for potentially traumatic events in a respondent's lifetime. The LEC assesses exposure to 16 events known to potentially result in PTSD or distress and includes one item assessing any other extraordinarily stressful event not captured in the first 16 items. For each item, the respondent checks whether the event

My Mood Monitor M-3

The M-3 Screen is a 1-page, brief symptom checklist that allows individuals to rate their mood by answering a short series of questions that touch on important indicators of mental health. Individuals who may take the M-3 online and bring their results to their health care provider if indicated design it for use in primary care settings, and. The M-3 is a self-administered 27-item screening questionnaire and is a valid and effective tool to help primary care doctors screen patients for depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test MAST

The MAST is one of the most widely used measures for assessing alcohol abuse. The measure is a 25-item questionnaire designed to provide a rapid and effective screening for lifetime alcohol-related problems and alcoholism. It is also useful in assessing the extent of lifetime alcohol-related consequences.

Mood Disorder Questionnaire

The MDQ is a validated screening tool for bipolar disorder in a psychiatric outpatient population. It consists of 15 questions and takes about 5 minutes to complete. The first 13 questions about possible symptoms are answered with either "yes" or "no." The other two questions assess family history, past diagnoses, and disease severity.

Mini-Mental State Examination MMSE

The MMSE is a brief, easily administered, quantitative measure of cognitive status in adults. It can be used to screen for cognitive impairment (such as Alzheimer's disease), to estimate the severity of cognitive impairment at a given point in time, to follow the course of cognitive changes in an individual over time, and to document an individual's response to treatment. The MMSE has demonstrated validity and reliability in psychiatric, neurologic, geriatric, and other medical populations.

Marijuana Screening Inventory MSI

The Marijuana Screening Inventory (MSI) is a cannabis-specific screening instrument. It was developed as a psychometrically reliable and valid tool for clinical use in general mental health and primary care settings. This self-report inventory takes approximately ten minutes to complete and consists of 31 Yes/No questions, which are scored, and eight additional items, which are not included in the total score.

Mental Health Screening Form-III MHSF-lll

The Mental Health Screening Form-III (MHSF-III) is a 17-item instrument designed as a mental health-screening tool for clients seeking admission to substance abuse treatment programs. Preliminary examination of the instrument has shown it to be reliable and valid.

Modified Selective Severity Assessment

The Modified Selective Severity Assessment (also called the "Milwaukee Selective Severity Assessment") is a practical adaptation of the Selective Severity Assessment, designed to monitor and quantify that alcohol withdrawal syndrome in any medical setting It features ten items addressing symptoms such as eating or sleep disturbances, quality of contact with others, pulse rate, tremor, and agitation. It allows for quick diagnosis and treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which can in turn significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.

Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale OCDS

The OCDS is a 14-item, self-administered questionnaire for characterizing and quantifying the obsessive and compulsive cognitive aspects of craving and heavy (alcoholic) drinking, such as drinking-related thought, urges to drink, and the ability to resist those thoughts and urges. It has sensitivity as a monitoring tool and has predictive validity for relapse drinking. Preliminary data also indicate that the OCDS may be a useful screening instrument for the presence of alcohol abuse and dependence, and may be used to differentiate between individuals who are alcohol dependent and those who do not drink excessively.

Online Cognition Scale OCS

The Online Cognition Scale is a 36-item questionnaire that measures problematic Internet use. Items for the scale were drawn from symptoms of problematic Internet use, particularly focused on cognitions rather than behaviors, and also adapted from related measures of procrastination, depression, impulsivity, and pathological gambling. Respondents rate the agreeableness of each item on a 7-point Likert scale.

Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale PAWSS

The PAWSS was developed to identify patients at risk for moderate to severe alcohol withdrawal who might benefit from pharmacological intervention to prevent further morbidity and mortality. If it can be demonstrated that a patient is at risk for moderate to severe AWS, then a prophylactic treatment plan can be delivered immediately which may halt the development of moderate to severe AWS and potentially serious complications (e.g., seizures, DT, neurodegenerative processes), as well as minimizing the detrimental effects of AWS on neurocognition.

Problem Drinking Questionnaire PDQ

The PDQ is a brief self-report measure that screens for alcohol problems in the previous 6 months. Items include usual quantity and frequency of drinking, frequency of binge-drinking, medical and psychosocial problems associated with alcohol misuse, and previous attempts to reduce consumption. Respondents are asked to describe their usual number of drinks, how often they drink more than 10 drinks in a single sitting, their longest period of continuous drinking, how often they drink early in the morning, how often they feel guilt or remorse after drinking, and whether drinking has caused problems at work, problems with relationships, trouble with the law, health problems, etc.

Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Parents POSIP

The POSIP was designed to identify potential problem areas that require further in-depth assessment. The questionnaire items were derived from POSIT questionnaire items in the following areas: Substance use and abuse (17 items), Mental health (22 items), Family relations (11 items), Peer relations (10 items), Aggressive behavior/delinquency (16 items). Differences in the specific problem areas indicate differences in perception of and/or reporting on those problem areas between the parent/guardian and adolescent, or between two parents/guardians who are filling out the questionnaire together.

Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ

The Patient Health Questionnaire is a self-report version of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), which was designed by Spitzer et al for the screening of psychiatric disorders in an adult primary practice setting. The PHQ comprises the two components of the original PRIME-MD, the patient questionnaire, and clinician evaluation guide, combined into a single, three-page questionnaire that can be entirely self-administered by the patient. A four page for women has also been added that includes questions about menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and recent psychosocial stressors.

Penn Inventory of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

The Penn Inventory is a 26-item self-report measure that assesses DSM symptoms of PTSD. It can be used with clients with multiple traumatic experiences because symptoms are not keyed to any particular traumatic event. The response format resembles that of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) by having respondents endorse one statement from a series of four scaled sentences that best describes the degree, frequency, or intensity of their feelings during the past week.

PsyCheck

The PsyCheck screening tool was designed to assist clinicians in routine screening of mental health problems among drug and alcohol treatment clients. It detects the likely presence of mental health symptoms that are often seen, and can be feasibly addressed, within specialist AOD treatment services. It is not designed to be a diagnostic assessment and will not yield information about specific disorders.

Risk of Alcoholic Relapse Scale RARS

The RARS was developed to help identify patients at high risk of relapse who need extra aftercare and support after treatment. The instrument uses items taken from the European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) and some basic demographic information. Variables examined by the RARS include standard units of alcohol per day; economic problems; treatment on the initiative of the clients, their families, or workplace; treatment paid for by the client and/or client's family; previous treatment for alcohol; prescribed psychopharmacological medicine; contemplation of suicide or suicide attempt; concerns about social problems/conflicts; need for help with physical problems.

Readiness for Mental Health Treatment - Short Form

The Readiness for Mental Health Treatment measure is a 12-item instrument; the item stems are the same as in the original URICA-A. Three items each represent the precontemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance stage of readiness for mental health treatment. As in the original instrument, the means of subscale items are computed to represent subscale scores, and responses are on a five-point Likert scale.

Risky Sex Scale RSS

The Risky Sex Scale is a brief screening tool developed for and validated among, college students. It was designed to assess three domains of young adults' participation in sexual risk behavior: (a) expectancies for sexual arousal and performance following alcohol use ("I enjoy having sex more if I've had some alcohol," e.g.) (b) sexual risk behavior while intoxicated ("I am more likely to have unplanned sex if I have been drinking or using other substances," e.g.) (c) perceptions of gender-related risk for sexual violence following alcohol use ("Women are more vulnerable to sexual assault if they have been drinking or using other drugs," e.g.)

Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Symptoms Screener SAMISS

The SAMISS is a brief (13 item) screening tool for detecting symptoms of co-occurring disorders. It was developed primarily from existing and tested scales. The SAMISS includes 13 items assessing mental illness symptoms and substance abuse.

Symptom Checklis-90-Revised SCL-90-R

The SCL-90-R is a 90-item, brief, multidimensional checklist designed to assess psychopathology and psychological distress. It measures 9 primary symptom dimensions and intensities: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, PLUS Global Severity Index, positive symptom distress index, and positive symptom total. The SCL-90-R has been employed in many studies to measure therapeutic change during treatment and is recommended as a standard instrument for psychotherapy outcome research.

Simple Screening Instrument for Substance Abuse, Simple Screening Instrument SSI-SA

The SSI-SA was designed for the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) to encompass a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms for substance use disorders, and particularly to screen patients in mental health settings for co-occurring substance abuse disorders. It is consistent with a biopsychosocial view of substance use disorders, the view adopted by the World Health Organization and the American Psychiatric Association. The SSI-SA has 16 items, of which 14 were derived from existing drug and alcohol screening tools.

Short Inventory of Problems - Alcohol and Drugs SIP-AD

The Short Inventory of Problems - Alcohol and Drugs (SIP-AD), is a 15-item test that measures physical, social, intrapersonal, impulsive, and interpersonal consequences of alcohol and drug consumption. Respondents indicate whether each item occurred in the previous 30 days (or, in other versions of the scale, whether they have ever happened in the respondent's lifetime).

Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability START

The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) is a 20-item clinical guide used for the dynamic assessment of seven risk domains: violence to others, suicide, self-harm, self-neglect, unauthorized absence, substance use, and victimization. The START represents a refinement in the assessment of dynamic risk factors in that it provides for the differential coding of both patient strengths and needs while allowing for the recording of case-specific risk factors. It is intended for interdisciplinary use and each of the 20 items is assessed according to succinct descriptions provided in the published manual.

Substance Use Risk Profile Scale SURPS

The Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) is based on a model of personality risk for substance abuse in which four personality dimensions (hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) are hypothesized to differentially relate to specific patterns of substance use. The SURPS is brief (23 items) and is intended for use in large epidemiological and longitudinal designs to facilitate research on the role of multiple personality traits in addictive behaviors and co-morbid psychopathology.

T-ACE

The T-ACE is a four-item questionnaire developed to for use with pregnant women; it provides obstetricians and gynecologists with a brief and useful way to identify patients at risk for drinking amounts which may be dangerous to the fetus. Positive results indicate exploration of the subject's drinking. In research, it can be used in conjunction with laboratory results and/or heavy drinking, or to estimate the prevalence of pregnant women at risk.

Triage Assessment for Addictive disorders

The TAAD is a very brief, structured interview covering current alcohol and drug problems related to the DSM criteria for use and dependence. As a triage interview, it provides more definitive findings than a screen. The TAAD identifies obvious cases and provides substantial support for the diagnosis.

Texas Christian University Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment CEST

The Texas Christian University (TCU) Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment is a 144-item self-rating instrument that includes 16 scales measuring patient functioning and treatment perceptions. The CEST includes measures for patient motivation, background attributes such as psychosocial functioning, treatment engagement aspects of the therapeutic relationship and patient satisfaction, and psychological improvement. The CEST is self-administered by patients, ideally every 1-3 months during treatment.

Tobacco Dependence Screener TDS

The Tobacco Dependence Screener is a 10-item questionnaire for screening of tobacco/nicotine dependence according to DSM criteria. The items in the TDS are based on 10 questions taken from the tobacco use section of the WHO's Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), with two items combined into one and the others shortened and made easier to comprehend. Each question is asked using a dichotomous response category (i.e., "yes" or "no").

Trauma History Questionnaire THQ

The Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ) is a 24-item self-report measure that examines experiences with potentially traumatic events such as crime, general disaster, and sexual and physical assault using a yes/no format. For each event endorsed, respondents are asked to provide the frequency of the event as well as their age at the time of the event. The THQ can be used in both clinical and research settings, and is available in English, Spanish, and German.

Treatment Readiness Tool TReaT

The Treatment Readiness Tool (TReaT) is a short self-report measure for alcohol treatment readiness, a construct correlated with but distinct from general change readiness. The 23-item questionnaire was based on the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) and the Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RCQ). This measurement of treatment seeking might have advantages in predicting treatment compliance, processes, and outcome relative to measures of general behavior change readiness.

UNCOPE

The UNCOPE is a six-item screening tool composed of questions selected from existing instruments and assorted research reports. Keywords in the questions form the acronym UNCOPE (e.g. Use, Neglected, Cut down, etc.). It provides a simple and quick means of identifying risk for abuse and dependence for alcohol and other drugs when neither is already clearly identified as a problem.

Veterans Alcoholism Screening Test VAST

The VAST is a variant of the MAST but was designed to overcome the MAST problem of being unable to distinguish between lifetime and current problems with alcohol. The VAST contains the original 24 MAST questions and retains the MAST scoring weights but follows each original question with three questions designed to identify the specific time period to which an answer refers: within the last year (considered "current"), >1 year ago but <=5 years ago and >5 years ago. Thus, the VAST distinguishes past from current alcohol abuse.

Victorian Gambling Screen VGS

The VGS was developed for use in surveys of the general population to assess the extent of problem gambling and for people presenting for problem gambling treatment or assistance in a clinical setting. The scale has three factors: Harm to Self (gambling-related behaviors and their consequences for the individual gambler) Harm to Partner Enjoyment of Gambling.

Western Personality Inventory (Manson Evaluation and Alcadd Test)

The WPI combines two alcohol-related assessment tests, the Manson Evaluation, and the Alcadd Test. The Manson Evaluation is a widely used test (more than 350,000 administered, according to the Western Psychological Services website), and is designed to identify individuals whose behavior and personality structure indicate they are alcoholics or have serious alcoholic problems, as well as to identify non-alcoholic individuals with personality characteristics often found in alcoholics and who may become alcoholics if placed under certain conditions of stress. It measures seven personality characteristics: Anxiety, Depressive Fluctuations, Emotional Sensitivity, Resentfulness, Incompleteness, Aloneness, and Interpersonal Relations.

Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale OOWS

The is a brief interview and observation tool used to assess opioid withdrawal signs and symptoms. It contains 13 physical observable signs, rated present or absent based on a time period of observation by the patient or the rater. The signs include yawning, rhinorrhea, piloerection, lacrimation, mydriasis, tremors, hot/cold flashes, restlessness, vomiting, muscle twitches, abdominal cramps, and mild, moderate, or severe anxiety.

Single-Item Self-Rating Adherence Scale for People Living with HIV SISR

The self-rating scale item (SRSI) is a single-item self-report adherence measure that uses adjectives in a 5-point Likert scale, from ‚"very poor" to ‚"excellent," to describe medication adherence over the past 4 weeks. The source study found the measure required very little time to complete, making it practical for HIV clinical care. These results and the SRSI's low patient burden suggest its routine use could be helpful for assessing adherence in clinical care and should be more widespread, particularly where more complex instruments may be impractical.

Marijuana Withdrawal Symptoms Checklist MWSC

This 10-item scale uses items taken from previously published human laboratory studies of marijuana withdrawal. Participants rate each symptom on a scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (severe). Symptoms include craving, irritability, nervousness, depression, anger, and strange dreams, and other demonstrated withdrawal symptoms.

Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics, Marin Short Scale SASH

This 12 item, 5-minute scale was developed to compensate for limitations of other acculturation measures by measuring acculturation specifically among Hispanic populations. It is a self-administered, self-report measure with five key variables: generation, the length of residence, self-evaluation, acculturative index, and age of arrival. The SASH and the Marin Short Scale are the same instruments.

Mother-Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test M-SMAST

This 13-question variations on the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST) assess an individual's mother's lifetime alcohol abuse and can be used to identify children of alcoholics for both clinical and research purposes. The M-SMAST has strong psychometric properties. it is a pencil-and-paper self-administered questionnaire and takes under 10 minutes total to administer and score and interpret.

Quick Drinking Screen

This brief screening instrument contains four questions about drinking: (1) On average in the last 12 months, how many days per week did you drink? (2) When you did drink, on average, how many standard drinks would you have had in a day? (3) How many times in the past 12 months have you had 5 or more standard drinks on one occasion? (4) In the past 12 months, what was the greatest number of standard drinks you consumed in one day? Although the QDS does not provide detailed drinking information (e.g. patterns), it might be a preferred measure, in particular, situations, such as telephone screenings, gathering follow-up data when clients do not want to spend much time in an interview, etc.

HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors Screener, TRB-Screener

This instrument provides an effective method to identify HIV-positive patients in need of focused prevention resources to reduce sexual and drug-use-related transmission risk behaviors (TRBs). The intention of the authors was to evaluate the extent to which known predictors of sexual TRBs (self-efficacy, treatment optimism, engagement with medical care, awareness of risky behaviors, substance use, and relevant behavioral and socio-demographic characteristics) combined with additional attitude-related assessments to identify those who had engaged in recent sexual TRBs and may therefore be at risk of additional transmission risk behaviors.

The Neuropsych Questionnaire NPQ

This questionnaire addresses two important clinical issues: how to screen patients for a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders quickly and efficiently, and how to acquire independent verification of a patient's complaints. The NPQ is available over the Internet in both adult and pediatric versions (the adult version consists of 207 items). The NPQ scores patient and/or observer responses in terms of 20 symptom clusters: inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, learning problems, memory, anxiety, panic, agoraphobia, obsessions and compulsions, social anxiety, depression, mood instability, mania, aggression, psychosis, somatization, fatigue, sleep, suicide, pain, and substance abuse.

Health Dynamic Inventory HDI

This relatively brief, easy-to-use, self-report questionnaire was developed to evaluate mental health functioning. It evaluates three aspects of mental disorders described in the DSM: (1) the experience of emotional or behavioral symptoms that define mental illness, such as dysphoria, worry, angry outbursts, low self-esteem, or excessive drinking (2) the level of emotional distress related to these symptoms (3) the impairment or problems fulfilling the major roles of one's life being exhibited.

Mortimer-Filkins Test

This scale was designed specifically to identify problem drinkers among DUI offenders and, therefore, has been used widely in DUI education and treatment programs. The Mortimer-Filkins contains 54 scored questions, 4 nonscored questions, and a somewhat complicated scoring procedure.

Kreek-McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg Scale

This scale was designed to quickly test for addiction to cocaine, heroin, and alcohol simply by asking about the time in the person's life when he or she was drinking or using these substances the most. It takes about five minutes to administer, and only three answers influence the patient's score: the duration of the heaviest period of use, the frequency of use during that time, and the amount typically consumed at one sitting during that time. While most other brief tests for drug or alcohol addiction ask about the negative consequences of substance abuse, such as neglect of work or family responsibilities, the KMSK is the first to focus solely on the intensity of alcohol or substance use, an important contributor to addiction.

High Risk of Alcohol Relapse HRAR

This scale was developed from a study of relapse following inpatient alcoholism treatment in a cohort of male US veterans and includes 3 parameters empirically developed to estimate the risk of alcoholism relapse following an index evaluation. Three items (duration of heavy drinking, the usual number of daily drinks, and the number of prior alcoholism inpatient treatment experiences.

Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Marijuana SEQ

This scale, based on the Situational Confidence Questionnaire (Annis 1988), is a measure on which clients rate their ability to resist the temptation to smoke marijuana in a variety of different situations. The measure features 20 statements about situations that might create a temptation to smoke marijuana, scaled from 1 (not at all confident) to 7 (extremely confident). Items include things like, "Doing monotonous work," "Wanting to feel more confident," "Enjoying a pleasant social situation," and "Being bored, with nothing to do."

Brief Alcohol Screening Instrument for Medical Care BASIC

This very brief questionnaire (6 items) screens for alcohol use disorders and for at-risk drinking. It combines items from different questionnaires, three items from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) and three from the Lubeck Alcohol dependence and abuse Screening Test (LAST). It is a paper-and-pencil questionnaire that is sensitive enough to be implemented into daily routine care, in general, medical care settings.

Fast Alcohol Consumption Evaluation FACE

To meet the needs of French general practitioners (GPs), a short, five-question interview/screening test for alcohol-related problems that combines items from the AUDIT, CAGE, and TWEAK. The five items include AUDIT questions 1 (Frequency) and 2 (Usual quantity), CAGE questions 2 (Annoyed) and 4 (Eye-opener), and TWEAK questions 5 (Black-out), with each question scored on a range of 0 to 4. The FACE provides an opportunity during normal medical practice to screen for heavy drinkers who may benefit from a brief counseling intervention by their GP.

Theory of Planned Behavior Scale TPB

Treatment readiness is a decisive limiting factor in treatment initiation, and hence ultimately its effectiveness. The 9-item TPB was developed as a measure for predicting substance abuse treatment completion, based the theory of planned behavior, a general model of human behavior suggesting that the probability of engaging in a given behavior is proximally determined by the intention to engage in that behavior, itself a function of one's attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control regarding the behavior.