Astronomy: Final
Which of the following words BEST describes scientists' current knowledge about the universe? Unit 1 A. Changing B Eternal C Unpredictable D static
A Changing
What usually happens before astronauts can apply to the astronaut candidate program? (unit 8) A They have to log at least 1,000 hours flying in a jet. B. They have to complete two-years of military-like training C. They have to prove they graduated high school D. They have to apply for, and be accepted to, four graduate programs
A They have to log at least 1,000 hours flying in a jet
Jane is examining a glass prism refracting all of the colors of the rainbow in the sunlight. She finds all of the colors beautiful but what Jane doesn't know is that she is actually seeing something greater at work—what is Jane seeing at work by examining the glass prism refracting all of the colors? (Unit 1) A a spectrum B a redshift C a black hole D a wavelength
A a spectrum
Super cluster
A collection of many clusters of galaxies bond together by gravity
If you saw a shooting star and wrote down details of the time, possible length, brightness, and location it was in the sky, you would be conducting a ______ scientific investigation. (Unit 2) A. descriptive B. comparative C. chronological D. contrasting
A descriptive
Halo
A spherical distribution of stars, clusters, and possible dark matter that surrounds a galaxy
The most widely accepted theory on how the Moon came to be states that a rocky object in space, approximately the mass of Mars, collided with Earth, producing ejections of hot, rocky, surface layers which then vaporized and condensed together through the force of gravity to form the Moon. What is this theory called? (uint 3) A the Giant Impactor Theory B the Capture Theory C the Crash Landing Theory D. the Fission Theory
A the Giant Impactor Theory
What issue can complicate the work of space lawyers? (unit 8) A. It is still somewhat unclear where airspace ends and outer space begins B. To date, there are no international laws governing space exploration. C. Space lawyers are not required to obtain D degrees the way other lawyers are
A. It is still somewhat unclear where airspace ends and outer space begins
What aspect of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope are astronomers most excited about? (unit 8) A. It will house one of the world's largest cameras B. It will be the first telescope capable of producing real-time video C. It will be located in the most remote area of the globe D. It can be powered by large solar panels
A. It will house one of the world's largest cameras
Which of these would NOT be considered a reputable way to form a hypothesis? (Unit 2) A. Make an educated guess based on common sense and intuition. B. Study research already gathered in the field. C. Consider existing knowledge about the topic and make an inference. D. Read other studies pertaining to your question.
A. Make an educated guess based on common sense and intuition.
______ cannot be created or destroyed. (Unit 1) A. Matter B. Mass C. Galaxies D Stars
A. Matter
Our solar system orbits the sun inside the _____ arm, a branch of the Sagittarius arm (unit 5) A. Orion B. Accretion C. Dwarf D. Cygnus
A. Orion
Which of these is NOT responsible for tides at the beach? (unit 3) A. Venus's gravitational pull B. the Moon's gravitational pull C. the Sun's gravitational pull D. Earth's response to the Moon and Sun's gravitational pulls
A. Venus's gravitational pull
Mariana is learning about the movement of stars and other celestial bodies in the sky in her astronomy class. What specific topic is Mariana learning about in class? (unit 3) A. astrometry B. heliocentric models C. pariapsis D. solstices
A. astrometry
What is it called when celestial bodies like stars are used to plot courses of movement and exploration? (unit 4) A. astronavigation B. magnitude C. emission lines D. parallax
A. astronavigation
What is one of the elements that scientists can use as a "cosmic clock" to determine age? (unit 6) A. beryllium B. bromine C. oxygen D. helium
A. beryllium
What have researchers found a correlation between with respect to black holes? (unit 7) A. black holes and the galaxies that surround them B. black holes and the quasars that orbit them C. black holes and the speed of light slowing down near them D. black holes and the asteroids that shoot out of them
A. black holes and the galaxies that surround them
What do we call the process by which plants receive nourishment through direct sunlight? (unit 3)
A. photosynthesis B. periapsis C. geocentric D. vernal: A. photosynthesis
According to astronomers, what will eventually become a white dwarf? (unit 4) A. the Sun B. the Moon C. Ursa Minor D. biggest black hole
A. the Sun
Which ancient society first coined the word astronomy and contributed important early work in this discipline? (unit 3)
A. the Vikings B. the Greeks C. the Indus D. The Romans: B the Greeks
Where do the bulk of scents astronauts detect in space probably come from? (unit 6) A. the chemical reactions that take place on their spacesuits once they're brought back inside a spacecraft after a spacewalk B. the burning up and dying out of millions of very old stars C. the swirling motion that the Milky Way makes as it spins at 168 miles per second D. the back-up of the toilet system in the spaceships
A. the chemical reactions that take place on their spacesuits once they're brought back inside a spacecraft after a spacewalk
During her presentation on exoplanets, Michelle explains to the class that while Proxima-b and TRAPPIST-1e may potentially be able to support life, with each of these planets, one side of the planet always faces the sun, making that side perpetually hot and the dark side eternally cool. What term does Michelle use to describe this? (unit 6) A. tidally locked B. extinguishable C. tidally unlocked D. bipolar
A. tidally locked
When the Earth is on one side of the sun, a star's location is recorded. In six months, when the Earth is on the other side of the sun, the same star is observed and the distance between the first observation and the second is calculated. What is this an example of? (unit 6) A. trigonometric parallax B. spectrometer C. GAIA D. parsec
A. trigonometric parallax: A. trigonometric parallax
Imagine, if you can, that you are traveling toward a black hole. When is time dilation likely to occur? (unit 7) A. when you approach the event horizon B. when you cross the wormhole C. when you land in the singularity D. when you pass the quasar
A. when you approach the event horizon
What theory claims that the universe ends as a hot, tiny, dense point, such as a singularity? A.the big crunch theory B the reverse atom theory C the double-blind theory D the isotropic theory
A.the big crunch
Clusters of galaxies and individual galaxies formed from pieces of enormous ______ and helium clouds Unit 1 A dust B Hydrogen C stars D Matter
B Hydrogen
Connor is working on a report about the basins on the Moon that are filled with lava after craters are formed. He is creating an illustration that shows how these basins appear as varying intensities of gray color. What should Connor title his report to express what it is about? (unit 3) A Solstice B Maria C Equinox D Solar
B Maria
What term refers to a process by which astronomers study distant objects by dissecting and examining the spectrum of light an object reflects? Unit 1 A cosmology B spectroscopy C isotropic D singularity
B spectroscopy
How many commands does mission control typically send per day to power and run the International Space Station? (unit 8) A. 800 B. 80000 C. 800000 D. 8 million
B. 80000
Which is the correct order for the steps in the formation of a black hole? (unit 7) A. Stars emit radiation converting millions of tons of hydrogen into helium, helium burns off, heavier elements are created, the star collapses in on itself, chemical reaction takes place in a star, the star uses all its hydrogen B. A chemical reaction takes place in a star, stars emit radiation converting millions of tons of hydrogen into helium, the star uses all its hydrogen, helium burns off, heavier elements are created, and the star collapses in on itself C. The star collapses in on itself, heavier elements are created, stars emit radiate converting millions of tons of hydrogen into helium, helium burns off, chemical reaction takes place in a star, the star uses all its hydrogen D. The star uses all its hydrogen, the star collapses in on itself, heavier elements are created, stars emit radiation converting millions of tons of hydrogen into helium, helium burns off, chemical reaction takes place in a star.
B. A chemical reaction takes place in a star, stars emit radiation converting millions of tons of hydrogen into helium, the star uses all its hydrogen, helium burns off, heavier elements are created, and the star collapses in on itself.
Which statement is subjective? (Unit 2) A. Astronomy is the study of the cosmos and universe B. Astronomy is the most important science. C. There are four inner planets. D. The sun rises in the east
B. Astronomy is the most important science
What is made when certain wavelengths of light, or colors, are given off by hot gases and can be thought of like a fingerprint for elements? (unit 4) A. Constellations B. emission lines C. nebulae D. supernovas
B. Emission lines
Sagittarius A (Sgr A) is roughly _____ times the mass of our own neighboring star, the Sun. (unit 6) A. two million B. four million C. 200000 D. fifty million
B. Four million
Edwin Hubble used a telescope and observed fuzzy blobs of light off in the distance. He realized that these lights were (unit 5) A. stars B. galaxies C. universes D. Planets
B. Galaxies
Why can't we see anything past the event horizon? (unit 7) A. The "sandwich" of space folds over, preventing anyone from seeing anything B. Light helps us see things and no light can escape out of—or be present in—a black hole C. Light intensifies inside a black hole, blinding anyone who peers past the event horizon. D. Black holes destroy all light within 1,600 AU of their singularities, so we can't see anything near or inside a black hole
B. Light helps us see things and no light can escape out of—or be present in—a black hole
Shooting stars aren't actually stars; what are they? (unit 4) A. sun flecks B. meteors C. constellations D. emission lines
B. Meteors
Which of the following is NOT an example of big data at play? (unit 8) A. a national chain of restaurants trying to figure out how to bring in more customers B. a list of the largest stellar-mass black holes in the universe C. a large apartment complex hoping to understand the average age of its residents D. a government study that calculates which states have the highest voting rates
B. a list of the largest stellar-mass black holes in the universe
Imagine you are a navigator for the navy. Your ship has just lost all power, including access to your GPS. Which astronomical tool would be MOST helpful in this situation? (Unit 2) A. a radio telescope B. a sextant C. optical binoculars D. an electromagnetic field meter
B. a sextant
How did Edwin Hubble classify spiral galaxies? (unit 5) A. according to the width of their spiral arms B. according to the tightness of their spiral arms compared to the size of their nuclear bulges C. according to the density of their spiral arms and nuclear bulges D. according to the length of their lives
B. according to the tightness of their spiral arms compared to the size of their nuclear bulges
Which of the following definitions BEST defines a satellite? (unit 3) A. the planets that orbit the stars B. any object that revolves around another object C. Earth's orbiting of the Sun D. the moons that orbit the planets
B. any object that revolves around another object
What process allows galactic bodies to interact with each other by colliding and exchanging particles and matter? (unit 6) A. confidence intervals B. cosmic spallation C. global clustering D. pulsing
B. cosmic spallation
What theory do some researchers use to suggest that these standard-sized galaxies are actually two or more dwarf galaxies that have been merged together? (unit 5) A. industrial theory B. cosmological theory C. relevancy theory D. turbine theory
B. cosmological theory
Thanks to GAIA, the new diagrams created have helped scientists to learn to spot the difference in types of white dwarfs, discovering that some are dominated by which of two things? (unit 6) A. carbon and nitrogen B. hydrogen and helium C. beryllium and isotopes D. helium and hydrogen
B. hydrogen and helium
After the Big Bang, protons, electrons, and neutrons were formed through (Unit 1) A. Dark Age B. nuclear fusion C. Dark energy D. spontaneous combustion
B. nuclear fussion
Your grandfather is a retired NASA employee who, after retirement, played a part in the growth of Cape Canaveral as a result of increased tourism to the area. What did your grandfather most likely do after retirement? (unit 8) A. train new hires for NASA B. operate his own tour bus business in the area C. continue part time work in the science and technology industry D. deregulate unused space crafts
B. operate his own tour bus business in the area
A cluster of galaxies containing very few galaxies is known as a(n) (unit 5) A. open cluster B. poor cluster C. rich cluster D. supercluster
B. poor cluster
A group of scientists have just found a new object that looks like a star that emits extreme amounts of energy and appears as a large jet bursting from above and below a black object in space. This is an example of (unit 7) A. black hole B. quasar C. solar mass D. Singularity
B. quasar
Which part of a black hole would you expect to see shooting out from the "front" and "back" of it? (unit 7) A. singularity B. quasar C. solar mass D. event horizon
B. quasar
Your friend Sarah just bought a telescope and is telling you all about what she saw last night, but she keeps mentioning that every object she pointed it towards seemed to have a fuzzy glow. What type of telescope was she MOST likely using? (Unit 2) A. radio telescope B. refracting telescope C. compound telescope D. reflecting telescope
B. refracting telescope
What causes the wavelength of a particular beam of light to change? (unit 4) A. the temperature surrounding it B. the material it is passing through C. the speed it is traveling D. the force behind it
B. the material it is passing through
What part of GAIA measures the luminosity of stars to help determine stellar properties such as temperature, mass, age, and what elements the stars are made up of? (unit 6) A. astrometry instrument B. the photometric instrument C. the radial-velocity spectrometer D. All three
B. the photometric instrument
Why were the phrenological studies conducted by Dr. Franz Joseph Gall discredited in the nineteenth century? (Unit 2) A. Most of the confirmed hypotheses were found to be fabricated. B All of Dr. Gall's evidence was destroyed by harsh weather conditions. C The descriptions within the observations were not testable and objective. D Dr. Gall announced that his research was done incorrectly
C The descriptions within the observations were not testable and objective.
Where does every piece of matter begin? Unit 1 A as thermal vents B at the sun C out of this world D As a star
C out of this world
A group of scientists have just concluded that all cow meat contains bacteria that is harmful and in some cases deadly to humans. They are determined to share this information so that consuming beef would no longer be allowed. This is an example of (Unit 2) A. peer-review B. policy for science C. science for policy. D. Step 4 of the scientific method
C science for policy
This summer you're planning to work all the jobs you can—babysitter, lawn mower, even trash taker-outer—all because you are saving up for a telescope. Assuming you want a starter telescope just to get your feet wet, about how much money are you trying to earn in the summer? (unit 8) A. $50-100 B. $100-150 C. $150-200 D. $200-250
C. $150-200
Why are black holes important to study? (unit 7) A. Because they are the most numerous of celestial bodies in our universe and are thought to be at the center of every solar system B. Because they defy the laws of the scientific method and have required scientists to create new techniques of inquiry C. Because they can tell us about the beginnings of our universe, as well as what we can expect in the future D. Because the earliest black holes spit out particles that became moons, which control tides of water and lead to generation of life
C. Because they can tell us about the beginnings of our universe, as well as what we can expect in the future
The CAPCOM acronym gets its name from which combination of words? (unit 8) A. Caption Communication B. Captain Communicator C. Capsule Communication D. Champion Communicators
C. Capsule Communication
Which of the following BEST describes dark matter? (unit 5) A. It's an area that has become too concentrated with stars B. These are large clumps of galaxies C. It is very large and invisible D. Dark matter can only be detected using light beams
C. It is very large and invisible
Depending on where you are located, how will the universe look? Unit 1 A It will look very different from the different planets B. It will look very different from the different countries on Earth C. It will look the same no matter where you are D. It will look different to each and every individual no matter where they are
C. It will look the same no matter where you are
What does the motion of the stars around the center of the Milky Way tell astronomers? (unit 4) A. There are too many stars there. B. The Sun is moving in that direction. C. There is a black hole there D. The Milky Way is dying.
C. There is a black hole there
What is the Schwarzschild radius? (unit 7) A. a measurement of how quickly black holes accrete objects based on the objects' radii B. a measurement of how long a black hole's quasar extends into the universe C. a measurement of how small a celestial body's radius would have to be in order to become a black hole D. the point at which the radius of a black hole lends to its classification as a supermassive black hole
C. a measurement of how small a celestial body's radius would have to be in order to become a black hole
Imagine that it is three years in the future. You are in college, and your friend Hannah is thinking about switching her major. She was a physics major and planned for a career as an astronaut but has realized that she is probably better suited for a more routine job like a science teacher and will be changing her major to science education. However, she is worried that none of the skills she spent time studying in her physics classes will be applicable as a science teacher. What would you tell her? (unit 8) A. Many space organizations now accept teaching credentials as a prerequisite to be an astronaut, so she still could pursue that path if she wanted to later B. Statistics say that most students who change their majors don't find employment, so she should stick with physics C. any of the skills she's learned are likely transferrable to other careers in the science field D. Teachers usually make more money than astronauts, so this is probably a good choice
C. any of the skills she's learned are likely transferrable to other careers in the science field
What are the two types of motion that stars exhibit? (uint 3) A. waning motion and waxing motion B. intrinsic motion and extrinsic motion C. apparent motion and actual motion D. gibbous motion and geocentric motion
C. apparent motion and actual motion
What type of galaxies do scientists believe to be the youngest in our universe? (unit 5) A. rich galaxies B. nuclear galaxies C. irregular galaxies D. spiral galaxies
C. irregular galaxies
Which field of science gives us the idea that spacetime is not just a flat grid but is itself a physical entity that can be bent and molded? (unit 7) A. general relativity B. time dilation C. quantum mechanics D. gravitational physics
C. quantum mechanics
What can the accreting core be in the process of accretion? (unit 5) A. cluster, globular, or galaxy B. open cluster, network, or disk C. star, planet, or black hole D. ring, band, or nest
C. star, planet, or black hole
What is a nuclear bulge? (unit 5) A. the bulging corner of a spiral galaxy consisting of gas in the shape of a spiral sphere that circles a galaxy B. the bulging center of a spiral galaxy consisting of debris in the shape of a flattened sphere that circles a black hole C. the bulging center of a spiral galaxy consisting of stars in the shape of a flattened sphere that circles a black hole D. the bulging corner of a spiral galaxy consisting of debris in the shape of a flattened sphere that circles a black hole
C. the bulging center of a spiral galaxy consisting of stars in the shape of a flattened sphere that circles a black hole
The example of a beach ball with a ping pong ball inside of it can be used to imagine the relationship between what two entities? (unit 4) A. the Milky Way and the Sun B. Ursa Major and Ursa Minor C. the celestial sphere and Earth D. Jupiter and Mars
C. the celestial sphere and Earth
The planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical pattern because of the respective gravitational forces that interact between the sun and the other planets. This statement is an example of a... (unit 2) A. law B. hypothesis C.theory D. fact
C. theory
What type of galaxies were discovered in 2015 and are currently considered to be the biggest and brightest galaxies that we know of? Unit 1 A center light galaxies B medium matter galaxies C intergalactic galaxies D super spiral galaxies
D super spiral galaxies
Scientific laws tell us what we can expect under certain circumstances but they do not explain....(Unit 2) A when B where C how D why
D why
Joyce is working on a huge science project that revolves around the possibility for life on other planets, specifically exoplanets. In her presentation, Joyce wants to address and provide information on each and every exoplanet that could potentially harbor life. How many planets will Joyce's presentation include? (unit 6) A. 20-25 B. 5-8 C. 300-350 D. 49-53
D. 49-53
Which of the following causes quasars to be formed? (unit 5) A. The area becomes too concentrated with stars. B. Superclusters develop, resulting in a gravitational binding C. Too many stars die at one time D. Black holes suck in matter too quickly
D. Black holes suck in matter too quickly
What is the name of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way? (unit 7) A. Schwarzchild B. Orion C. Quasar D. Sagittarius A*
D. Sagittarius A*
Michael's teacher asks him to describe what happens to stars as they undergo nuclear fusion and process hydrogen into helium. What does Michael say? (unit 4) A They become slower and more rectangular B. They become faster and more spherical C. They become cooler and lighter. D. They become hotter and denser.
D. They become hotter and denser.
What characteristic may make you likely to pursue a career in space publishing? (unit 8) A. You love creating, running, and troubleshooting new algorithms and exploring the patterns that the algorithms discover B. You have strong opinions about where a country's airspace ends and outer space begins, and are comfortable defending your views C. You have studied ways to improve user interface design with respect to NASA's most current technologies D. You enjoy both the subject matter of space science but also the research around the audience that reads this work and what topics will interest them
D. You enjoy both the subject matter of space science but also the research around the audience that reads this work and what topics will interest them
The summer season is closely linked to which of the following? (unit 3) A. an equinox because Earth is very close to the Sun B. an equinox because Earth is very far away from the Sun C. a solstice because Earth is very far away from the Sun D. a solstice because Earth is very close to the Sun
D. a solstice because Earth is very close to the Sun
For a study to be replicable, it means that it must (Unit 2) A. be well respected B. have multiple outcomes to show all possible scenarios C. be accepted by the general public D. be repeatable across different experiments by different scientists.
D. be repeatable across different experiments by different scientists.
The _____ layer of a star is very dense and hot, while the _____ layer of a star is much cooler and less dense. (unit 4) A. lower; upper B. upper; lower C. outer; inner D. inner; outer
D. inner; outer
A(n) _____ occurs when Earth is closest to the Sun, while a(n)_____ occurs when Earth is farthest from the Sun. (unit 3) A. periapsis; apoapsis B. aphelion; perihelion C. apoapsis; periapsis D. perihelion; aphelion
D. perihelion; aphelion
Sgr A has a diameter of about 27.3 million miles; that's roughly the same distance from Mercury to (unit 6) A Venus B. Jupiter C. Earth D. the Sun.
D. the Sun.
What can we discuss better by using the theory of electromagnetism? (unit 4) A. a group of stars that are located between Polaris and the Northern Hemisphere horizon B. the graph astronomers use to show the relationship between a star's absolute magnitude and temperature C. runaway stars and the paths that they travel D. the different types of light, both visible and invisible
D. the different types of light, both visible and invisible
The Capture Theory
Earth's gravitational force attracted rocky particles in space and formed them into our Moon;
Astronomical units (AU) measure vast distances in space, while parsecs are better suited for closer galactic bodies. (unit 6)
False
Closed clusters are groups of closely-grouped stars that are located along the spiral disk of a galaxy. (unit 5)
False
Dwarf galaxies are generally only about one-fifth the size of the Andromeda galaxy (unit 5)
False
Earth's Schwarzschild radius is larger than Jupiter's.(unit 7)
False
Even if all stars were the same distance from Earth, their absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude would be very different. (unit 4)
False
LSST stands for Long Space Standard Telescope.(unit 8)
False
Phrenology is still being used today (Unit 2)
False
Radio telescopes bring to focus light waves(Unit 2)
False
Roy Kerr concluded that the grid of space is affected by the speed of rotation of a black hole, not its mass. (unit 7)
False
The John F. Kennedy Space center is located in Houston, Texas. (unit 8)
False
The Milky Way is one of the largest galaxies in existence. (unit 6)
False
The capture theory explains that the Moon sometimes appears red because of its attraction to rocky particles in space. (Unit 3)
False
There are four main types of scientific investigations. Unit 2
False
There is no proof that runaway stars exist.(unit 4)
False
When Earth is positioned directly in between the Sun and the Moon, the shadow of the Moon is cast upon Earth, casting a lunar eclipse.(Unit 3)
False
When black holes are discovered, they appear to be 4-dimensional. (unit 7)
False
n space, astronauts are bound by International Space Law, rather than the laws of their own respective countries. (unit 8)
False
Spring tide
Highs are high and lows are low; earth, moon and sun are alined
Neap tide
Highs are lower and lows are higher; Triangle position
A star burst can be defined as stars formed from recycled dead star materials. (unit 6)
True
All objects emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation(unit 4)
True
Astronomers estimate that 50 billion to one trillion galaxies exist within our univers (unit 5)
True
Black holes are typically classified by their mass. (unit 7)
True
Black holes have the strongest force of gravity in the universe. (unit 5)
True
Cosmologists study the static from cosmic microwave background radiation to estimate the age of the universe. Unit 1
True
Forming a hypothesis is Step 3 of the scientific method (Unit 2)
True
Hydrogen atoms do NOT repel each other within a star.(unit 4)
True
In 1929, Edwin Hubble used a telescope to discover the movement of galaxies. Unit 1
True
On the ground, mission control runs 24/7 but astronauts in space are required to get adequate sleep, so their work hours are more limited. (unit 8)
True
Once anything passes through the event horizon, from the perspective of that object, nothing would change. (unit 7)
True
Our own bodies are made from matter. Unit 1
True
Patterns of stars, called constellations, were first observed by the ancient Romans and Greeks.(unit 4)
True
Peering through a telescope could be considered Step 1 of the scientific method (Unit 2)
True
Solar panels rely on contact with light to generate electricity. (Unit 3)
True
Stars continuously recycle all the matter that exists. Unit 1
True
The Milky Way has a creamy center, similar to how the Milky Way candy bar has a creamy center. Unit 1
True
The North Pole is in daytime for several weeks at a time, with no nighttime.
True
The flight director is like a risk manager for the entire operation. (unit 8)
True
The habitable zone in Proxmia-b's case is actually 25 times closer to its sun than Earth's habitable zone is to our sun. (unit 6)
True
We cannot see the entire Milky Way from Earth because Earth is inside the Milky Way galaxy. (unit 5)
True
When the Milky Way was in its earliest ages, hydrogen, helium and other common elements were the only ones around. (unit 6)
True
When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are positioned to form a right triangle, high tides are lower than normal.(Unit 3)
True
disk
a flattened combination of matter contianing stars, gas, and dust in a spiral galaxy
globular cluster
a large spherical cluster of older stars usual found in the outer regions of a galaxy
Open cluster
a loosely bound group of young stars in the disk of the Galaxy
Global clusters
dense groups of stars which make up our galaxies halo
Law
descriptions of patterns that happen in the natural world. Ex. German astronomer Johannes Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion states that planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits
Theory
explain why the natural world behaves the way it does Ex. Isaac Newton relates to the respective gravitational forces that interact between the Sun and planets that cause an elliptical orbit
penumbral eclipse
lunar eclipes were the Moon passes only through the Earth's shadow that is slightly blocking some of the sunlight, causing the full moon to look dimmer and slightly reddish in color.
Facts
observations that have been confirmed by several different scientists and are generally accepted as true Ex. our solar system contains planets.
annular eclipes
the Moon does not completely cover the sun, and a thin ring of the Sun appears around the moon's outer edge-Farthest away from Earth
quantum mechanics
the study of subatomic particles
