ASWB Combo 2

amphetamines, Dexedrine, cocaine, caffeine

stimulants

Native American/Alaskan Native reasons for seeking help

suicide, alcoholism, family problems, conflicts arising from living in two worlds.

I-self

the active observer of experience, the knower

Contingencies of Reinforcement

the conditions that maintain behavior

which person is the "codependent"

the person caring for the addict

Median

the point below which one-half or 50% of the scores lie; 50th percentile. Often the best measure of central tendency in highly skewed distribution(e.g. mean size of city in Illinois, yearly inconme)

Self-Actualization

the relization of our potentialities as unique human beings

Working with Native American/Alaskan Native

the social worker should use active listening skills, increase his/her tolerance for silent pauses, and show patience with slower pace of the interview.

Superego

the source of conscience and high ideals

nomothetic

the study of large groups to identify general laws of personality

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

tiny hair cells of a membrane surrounding the fetus (called the chorion) are extracted via a small tube inserted into the vagina. The hair cells contain genetic material from the fetus.

decreased LOC, dec response to pain, respiratory depression leads to arrest, amnesia

toxic level of CNS depressants

Dominant trait

trait carried on a dominant gene. will always be expressed regardless of what type of gene it is paired with.

Wundt

transformed Kants topology in to a demintional system so that personalities were a set of traits

family members will often fear or even sabotage

treatment and recovery

Abraham Maslow

tried to base his studies on healthy instead of disturbed individuals

Cancer patient adjustment

two groups 1) Those who had more control and did better 2) Those who had stuff done for them and did worse

Reflex

unlearned behavior present at birth, unconscious

naltrexone

used for opiate, alcohol and nicotine withdrawal

Chronic abuser

used throughout life

Genotype

used to describe all of he traits carried in a person's genetic material, including recessive traits

rationalization

uses acceptable reasons for behavior instead of real reasons

Unconditional Positive Regard

when other convey they feeling that they value you for what you are, in your entirety

Sexual Practices

" I am going to be more explicit here about the kind of sex you've had over the last 12 months to better understand if you are at risk for STD's." "What kind of sexual contact do you currently have or have you had?" *Oral, Anal, Genital*

At what age is the anal stage of psychosexual development?

1 year-3 years

Latency Stage

6 to 10 years Sublimation of oedipal stage with expression of sexual and aggressive drives in socially acceptable forms

Sensate Focus

A behavioral theory use in sex therapy Start with having couple focus on sensual massage, hugging, etc while refraining from having intercourse, and gradually rebuilding their sexual repertoire while continuing to foucs on sensual pleasure rather than on achieving orgasm

Asn40Asp

A functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene. Carriers had increased percentage of days abstinence and decreased percent heavy drinking days. Effects not found for Asn40 homozygotes. Frequency varies by ethnicity.

Gender dysphoria

A general descriptive term refers to affective *cognitive discontent* but now more specifically defined as a diagnostic category

Bupropion

A norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor that reduces nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

felt capacity for generativity

A sense that one is able to carry out generative behavior.

psychological traits

According to McCrae and Costa, a dimension of individual differences in tendencies to show consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions.

extraversion

According to McCrae and Costa, one of the five basic personality traits; refers to preferences for social interaction and social activity.

Puberty

Achieving full sexual maturity

Stages of Adulthood

Ages 20-35/40: *Early Adulthood* Ages 35/40 - 65: *Middle Adulthood* Ages 65 and greater: *Late Adulthood*

Changing the environment in order to adapt is called?

Alloplastic

Single subject designs

Allow experemental study of a single individual; Pre-post (AB) design

Content analysis

Allport's method for objective, quantitative, and systematic analysis of communications (e.g., letters) that leads to a "trait description."

Haptic Hallucination

An imagined perception involving touch.

Gustatory Hallucination

An imagined taste.

Remeron

Atypical antipressant (mirtazapine)

Lithium, Depakote and Clonazepam are?

Bipolar II Disorder

External validity

Can the results be generalized?

Alloplastic Behavior

Change enviornment to facilitate adaptation

The Event that occurs after or as a result of the Behavior is called?

Consequence

Cannabis Treatment

Current research with gabapentin.

Naltrexone

Drug used to reduce alcohol cravings

Restlessness, course hand tremors, anxiety, malaise, INCREASING VITAL SIGNS, orthostatic hypotension, and nausea/vomiting

Early signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

Anxiety Disorders

Excessive worry, fear, or avoidant rituals or repetitive thoughts

Depersonalization Disorder

Feeling detachd from, and an observer of ones mental processes or body.

Axis III

General Medical Conditions

Personality Traits

General ways of behaving that characterize an individual.

Temporal Lobe

Hearing & Memory

Object Relations theory was developed by?

Margaret Mahler

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Maturity: 65-Death REFLECTION ON LIFE Basic Strengths: WISDOM -Erikson felt that much of life is preparing for the middle adulthood stage and the last stage is recovering from it. >Integrity develops, if feel *fulfilled by life's accomplishments* -If NOT successful, DESPAIR over perceived failures >May FEAR death as they struggle to find purpose >"Was the trip (my life) worth it?" OUTCOME: Older adults need to LOOK BACK on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. -Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair

Sub-average intellectual functioning & impairment in adaptive functioning with onset before age 18 is considered?

Mental Retardation

Opiate Treatments

Methadone, Suboxone, Naltrexone, and Biomarkers.

12 Step Effectiveness

Most useful for patients in networks of supportive drinking. Used mostly by those with less social support, less educated, less socially skilled, less religious, unstably employed, and more severe alcohol-related problems.

Conversion Disorder

Motor or perceptual symptoms suggest physical disorder but which reflect emotional conflicts

ODD

Negative, hostile, and defiant behavior with less serious violations of rights of others. Motivated by interpersonal reactivity or resentful power struggle with adults.

social age clock

Neugarten's term for an internalized social calendar, which tells us when in our lives we should be doing what.

fluid life cycle

Neugarten's term for the fact that the traditional periods in the life cycle are beginning to break down, as rates of biological development and social definitions of age change and age norms weaken, resulting in a blurring of age divisions and the creation of new life periods.

Passive

No active measure taken to prevent death

Strattera

Non-stimulant for ADHD

Placebo effect

Occurs when a participant believes they're experiencing a change due to an administered drug that is really a placebo

Ambivalence

Opposing attitudes or emotions concerning an idea, an object or a person that exist at the same time.

Discrimination

Opposite of generalization. Process of conditioning a response to occur only after specific stimulus is presented

Hostile & defiant behavior (losing temper, arguing with adults, actively defying adult requests), irritability, often angry, resentful & spiteful behavior is?

Opposition Defiant Disorder

Kelly's view on human nature

Optimistic, self-directed with free will, no historical determinism (person isn't set in stone).

This type of program evaluation focuses on evaluating results after the entire program is completed.

Outcome Evaluation

Treatment options

Outpatient or inpatient; residential or day care, group, individual, family counseling, methadone maintenance (opiates), detoxification, self-help groups, combo of therapy and med's. Substance induced delerium, dementia, psychosis, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, sexual or sleep dysfunction

HIV and the Elderly

Overlooked Epidemic Persons aged 50 years and older accounted for: -19% of all AIDS diagnoses -29% of persons living with AIDS -35% of all deaths of persons with AIDS

Boundary

Parts of a system that are differentiated from the enviornment in which the system exists and which differentiates subsystems from one another.

Biological parents

Pass on one set of 23 chromosomes in each sperm cell or ovum (egg). Mother passes on X, but father can pass X or Y. Father thereby determines sex of offspring.

The Goal of Eco-Systems direct practice level is to improve the Goodness of Fit between the Client & their environment by changing the client's ______ & ______, thus enhancing their responsiveness to & exchanges w/ the environment.

Perceptions & Thoughts

Eating one or more non-nutritive substance, e.g., paint, string, hair, insects, pebbles on a persistent basis is known as?

Pica

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Pica: Eating of nonnutritive substances (paint, hair, sand) Rumination Disorder: Regurgitate and Rechewing food

Frontal Lobe

Planning, inhibition, consciousness, start & stop task

The Id follows what Principle & requires immediate gratification?

Pleasure Principle (Freud's idea of human basic needs i.e., food, shelter, sex, etc...)

Referent power

Power from having charisma or identification with others in power

Freud's Life Instinct

Primarily erotic and pleasure seeking

Avoiding eye contact may be a sign of what type of abuse

Psychological abuse

The ability or process of distinguishing the internal world of thoughts and feelings from the external world is known as?

Reality Testing

Encopresis

Release of feces into inappropriate places at least once a month for at least three consecutive months.

Id

Reservoir of instinctual urges

Resistance

Resistance is an uncoscious defense agains painful or represeed material.

Social desirability

Responding to questions in a way that is perceived to be more acceptable to an interviewer

Culture Bound syndromes should always be _____ _____ first & should NEVER be _____.

Ruled-out & Diagnosed

Phallic

Selfish and explolitive of others sexually w/o disregard for their needs

N=1 is what type of design?

Single Subject Design

Operant Conditioning was developed by B.F. ______.

Skinner

1.05 b.

Social workers should have a knowledge base of their clients' cultures and be able to demonstrate competence in the provision of services that are sensitive to clients' cultures and differences.

1.03 b.

Social workers should take steps to insure client comprehension

Conversion

Somatic changes expressed in symbolic body language.

Manifestation of emotional anxiety into physical symptoms is called?

Somatization

Auditory Hallucination

Sound (hearing people talk or sounds) that are not actually occurring

Id

Source of motives, energies, and instincts. Investment of energy of the id are mobile and press for immediate and rapid discharge.

Isolation of Affect

Split ideas from feelings originally associated with them.

Level of integrated response to stimuli; ability to focus, screen out distractions is called?

Stimulus Barrier

Thanatology

Study of death, its processes and its related issues

Behaviorists

Study the way rewards and punishments shape our actions.

Identified Patient

Symptom bearer

Introjection

Taking in an idea or image so it becomes apart of oneself

This 1976 California Supreme Court case establish that SW's have a duty to warn victims of active threats by their client of physical harm & is known as?

Tarasoft V. Regents of University of California

Purpose #6

The Code articulatse standards that the social work profession itself can use to assess whether social workers have engaged in unethical conduct. NASW has formal procedures to adjudicate ethics complaints filed against its members. In subscribing to this Code, social workers are required to cooperate in its implementation, participate in NASW adjudication proceedings, and abide by any NASWW diciplinary rulings or sanctions based on it.

Purpose #5

The Code socializes practitioners new to the field to social work's mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards.

Cycle of Abuse

The continuation of abusive behavior by one who has been a victim of abuse.

Stealth

The idea of keeping one's trans history quiet and not informing friends and co-workers of their trans status.

Mesosystem

The interrelationships between events of different Microsystems

Anomie

The partial or full loss of societal or personal values, mores, norms or rules of conduct. This can also be observed in a group which has been severely traumatized by a disaster leading to dissipation or loss of group cohesion.

Family projection process is defined as

The primary way parents transmit their negative emotions to their children

Natural selection

The process of Darwins theory's main characteristics where traits evolve very gradually over time

ecology

The scientific study of organism-environment relationships.

Enuresis

The uncontrolled voiding of urine.

Positive correlation

The value of one variable increases in value as the other also increases in value

Dependent variable

The variable affected by the independent variable; the outcome is the dependent variable

Occipital Lobe

Vision

The Amygdala

What brain structure is implicated in PTSD

Language

What is the function of the left side of the brain?

Women

Who score higher on measures of death anxiety, men or women?

biochemical imbalance, endorphins- alcohol produces same effect as opiates- American Indians, sex linked, decreases inhibitions,-psych, family patterns, cultural- Asians have adverse reactions

Why addictions occur

Explicitness

Work is clear, specific, and open

trait

a predisposition to respond in a certain way in many different kinds of situations

Which of the following changes can be viewed as a normal part of aging?

a.) Significantly decreased cognitive capacity b.) Increased depression c.) Increased fears of illness d.) Increased agitation e.) Decreased performance speed --- Not a as significant is too extreme; e is correct

When cocaine, alcohol, narcotics, gambling, etc. come before the welfare of a beloved family member, a valued career, one's life savings, one's health and even the ability to avoid jail-

addiction

Stress hormones

adrenalin and cortisol

A dangerous condition that commonly starts 4-8 hours after last drink and usually within 96 hours- Can be life-threatening.

alcohol withdrawal

CNS depressants

alcohol, sedatives, antianxiety, hypnotics, barbituates

Minor Tranquilizers

anti-anxiety agents; intention is to reduce anxiety or fear

A. peripheral motives

are impulses that direct us towards immediate gratification., According to Allport, what reduces needs?

trait theorists

argue that the best way to understand human behavior is to study personality traits

random error

assessed by insturment reliabililty

Learning theory

behavior is controlled by stimuli in the environment

reason for denial

client perception of substance abuser doesn't fit view of self

Catapress or Tenex

clonidine or guanfacine For Tics, impulsivity, and aggressive behaviors

surface traits

clusters of behavior that tend to go together

Individuation

complex process of synthesis of the Self which consists mainly of the union of the unconscious with the conscious

Brooks and Rice (1997, p. 57) adopt Sargent's (1983)

definition of family as a "group of people with common ties of affection and responsibility who live in close proximity to one another."

Nurse needs to assess for Antegrade amnesia and blackouts, which are related to

dehydration of the brain

Late signs of alcohol withdrawal

delirium tremens

Proximodistal principle

describes the center-outward direction of motor development. Gain control of torso before extremities.

Ego and reality

evolves from id and deals with demands of reality

1.07 f.

f. Social workers should seek agreement among the parties involved concerning each individuals' right to confidentialityand obligation to preserve the confidentiliaty of information shared by others.

factor analysis

factor analysiis the final step in content analysis, it indicates the relevant "traits."

nalmefene

for treatment and dx of opiate OD

Assessments if you suspect alcohol

good historian, post op dt's, frequent infections, decr liver function,

LSD Mescaline PCP

hallucinogens

Formal Operations

higher ordered critical thinking, adult thinking, ultimate stage of cognitive development, scientific method, logical, abstract and hypothetical thought, deductive and inductive reasoning

Syntonic behaviors

in sync with the ego, and no guilt involved

Native American/Alaskan Native communication

indirectness; being still and quiet; comfortable with silence; value listening. Non-verbal communication. Light grasping of hand or brushing of fingers rather than firm handshake.

repression

involuntary barring or unpleasant thoughts, feelings, emotions, behaviors to protect themselves from the danger of substance abuse

reflexes

involuntary responses to stimuli

The organism

is constantly struggling to become more and more complete

Distinctions of Catatonic Schizophrenia

look for body clues such as stupor, rigidity, posturing, and random motor activity as well as mutism, echolalia or echopraxia

Neurotic

moody, anxious, restless person

Superego

moral part of personality

1.07 n.

n. Social workers should transfer or dispose of clients' records in a manner that protects clients' confidentiality and is consistent with state statues.

Nature versus nurture differences

nature preprogrammed and nurture experiences

The Big Five

neuroticism; extroversion; openness; agreeableness; conscientiousness

pruning

new circuits are formed and unused or faulty circuits are lost

Information processing approach

newer approach to studying cognitive development, uses computer as metaphor for human mind

Vaginal delivery

normal delivery method pushed through vaginal canal by mother

Euphoria with sensory change and poor comprehension Drowsiness with decreased social interaction Miosis (pinpoint pupils) Decreased BP and R * Increased HR*

opiates/narcotics

Heroin Morphine Codeine Hydromorphine (dilaudid) Oxycodone (percodan) Methodone (dolophine) Meperedine (demerol)

opiates/narcotics

Ritalin

or Metadate Psychostimulant (methlphenidate)

Self-actualized people

perceive reality accurately, accept themselves, others, and their environment readily

Prenatal development

period of development from conception to birth and is divided into three stages or trimesters.

Distinctions of Paranoid Schizophrenia

preoccupation with delusion(s) or frequent auditory hallucinations, no symptoms of catatonia or hebephrenia

B. propriate motives

propel us towards important long term goals.

Defense Mechanisms

protect the ego from experiencing anxiety about failing in its tasks

denial

reality is unconsciously ignored or transformed so it is no longer threatening

Inborn reflex

result of UCS-UCR connection

Dizygotic

result of two ova being fertilized by two different sperm cells at the same time.

most important things to deal with in withdrawal

safety/fluid volume deficit (slightly higher priority)

scapegoat child is most easily treated because

she is expressing her anger

Extrovert

sociable, outgoing, active, lively person

Alzheimer's: Stage 1- Amnestic

starts in the temporal lobes, caused by the lack of acetocholine production by hippocampus; in this stage those inflicted usually can fool those around them, marked by small lapses in memory (forgetting keys, what I was doing, where I put that etc..)

Validity

(synonyms: accuracy) The validity of a measuring instument is the extent to which differences in scores on it reflect true differences in the characteristic which it seeks to measure, or true difference in the subject measured.

Reliability

(synonyms: dependability, stability, consistency, redictability) Can you get the same answer repeatedly?

Behavioral Interventions

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Couples and Family Treatment, Motivational Interviewing, Contingency Management, Harm Reduction, 12-Step Programs

Context-specific development

Collectivist cultures vs. individualistic cultures changes development

This type of Validity is an experimental demonstration of a test which measures a term it claims to be measuring is known as?

Construct Validity

Positive Flight

Constructive movement toward self-weaking. Find new group, plan other contracts

Kelly's Dichotomy Corollary

Constructs are bipolar

Broca's Area

Contains memory for how to move the mouth to make words

Mutual agreement

Determined in reciprocal process b/w client and worker. Established at beginning, very transparent, and avoid hidden agendas.

Treatment Philosophies

Determines the level of support for harm reduction, abstinence only models, the use of medications, and level of 12-step involvement

Short Term Group

Developed around theme, or deal with crisis. Time limited, and does not work through complex needs or accomodate to variety of issues.

Stages of Death and Dying

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Respondant (involuntary) Behavior

Increased or decreased by conditioning

This average is obtained by adding all the scores together & dividing by the total number of scores.

Mean

Euthanasia

Means the good death, can be active or passive

Medication Development Perspective

More options have better outcomes because they can be tried until one is found that works best.

An infant crawls around and becomes more independent of mother

Practicing stage within separation stage

The three levels of moral development are?

Pre-conventional, Conventional & Post-conventional

Native American/Alaskan Native sense of time

Present, relative view of time (time is viewed as flowing and always with us) follow nature's rhythms rather than lineal time.

Sexual Dysfunction

Problems in sexual functioning due to primarily psychological factors

Marasmus

Hospitalism, failure to thrive, gradual decline. Often found in institutionalized children who are given minimal care and attention.

Descriptive studies

Purpose is to describe accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group. Example: narrative case studies

Repression

Pushing unacceptable id impulses out of awareness and back into the unconscious

Two types of SW Research are?

Qualitative & Quanitative

This process explains how data is collected & analyzed to either confirm or reject a proposition or a hypothesis is know as?

Research

This practice framework requires the SW to explore, focus on, mobilize & embellish the client's strengths & is?

Strengths (perspective) Framework

Ha is the symbol for?

The Research Hypothesis or statement of what you're trying to prove.

Nightmare Disorder

The nightmare disorder is a sleep disorder of the parasomnia type. It involves frequent awakenings from sleep due to frightening dreams.

stage theory

The notion that all of us, at about the same time in our lives, experience the same events, problems, or challenges; emphasizes universal sequences of change.

Me-self

The observer, or what is know about the self

Hawkins et al

The risk of substance abuse is higher if there is family discord, poor or inconsistent behavioural management techniques by parents.

Door Knob Communication

The sharing of significant information just as the session is ending.

Kohlberg Moral Development Theory

The six stages involve: 1) avoiding punishment 2) getting rewards 3) being seen as good and not being disliked 4) conscience developing, with recognition of need for law and order 5) recognition of competing values with need for impartial judgments 6) recognition of universal moral values and committing to them

Evolutionary psychologists study

The traits and behaviors that are common in all humans

Interval Variable

The variable can be measured on a logical scale that shows its distance or difference from another variable; e.g. Fahrenheit temperature scale or I.Q.; zero does not mean nothing on these scales (Ratio variable handles this kind of measurement)

Independent variable

The variable is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter; in studies the treatment is the independent variable

phenomenology

The view that one must understand reality as it is subjectively perceived by the individual.

Skinner's primary reinforcers

Things that are naturally valuable; water and food

Allport

he seems to be a humanistic, psychoanalytic, cognitive, trait theorist

Raymond Cattell

identified two types of traits: source and surface traits

Carl Jung

identifies 3 components to the self

self-actualizing people

identify with others; have a strong sense of humor; are spontaneous; are autonomous; value privacy; seek solitude; focus on living relationships few a few close people; appreciate simple things

artificial insemination

injecting sperm from father into the uterus of the mother

The self

is essentially your image of who you are and what you value

The Organism

is the whole person including the body

fluid replacement

isotonic fluids and vitamin B (banana bag)

Overdose assessment

symptomatic--respiratory--cardiac and iv support--urinary catheter--gastric lavage/charcoal/specific antidotes--toxicologic analysis asymptomatic- continue to assess/monitor

This test of statistical significance assesses whether the means of 2 sample groups are statistically different from each other

t-Test

The psyche

tends toward wholeness and contains a spiritual component

chi square

test of satistical significance that measures the difference between observed frequencies and expected frequencies due to chance. Values less than .05 are statistically signficant

t-test

test of statistical significance that measures the difference between sample means

Male growth spurt

testes secrete large amounts of testosterone. Also increase in GH and thyroxin. Stimulates growth in male sex organs, body size, skeletal maturity.

amniocentesis

testing fetal cells in amniotic fluid removed from the amniotic sac in the uterus for indicators of genetic abnormalities. Disadvantage is cannot be done until 16th week.

Ego strength

the ability of the ego to balance it's id, superego, and reality

Gatekeeper

the agent enabling or blocking communication from one group to another

Psychoticism

the degree to which people can or cannot deal with real life situations

personality -

the dynamic organization within the individual of those psycho- physical systems that determine characteristic behavior and thought.

Drives

the impulses and urges which are the underlying causes for overt behavior according to psychoanalytic theory

Power and Friendliness

the two dimensions of Harry Stack Sullivan's model of personality

idiographic vs. nomothetic approach

these 2 views generate different kinds of information about people. relies heavily on the use of statistics in the analysis of human behavior.

Hyperactivity Diaphoretic Anxiety with paranoia, panic attacks, and psychotic reactions Seizures Coma In creases HR which causes cardiac arrhythmias and then arrest Hypertensive crisis-extreme vasoconstriction-MI or stroke

toxic level of stimulant

recessive trait

trait carried on a recessive gene. can only be expressive if on R-R gene pair.

Statistical Analysis

used by trait theorists to determine what behaviors go together

Leading cause of disabilities in America

Behavioral health conditions.

B-Needs

Being Needs: Self Actualization

Laissez-faire (Style of Leadership)

A style of leadership in which the leader takes a hands-off approach to the actions of the subordinates; everyone is given as much autonomy as is possible in accomplishing the goals of the organization

Subsystem

A subset of a whole system.

Delirium

A syndrome (cluster of symptoms) involving an acute decrease in attention, perception, and cognition. Not a disease per se, but a symptom of brain or mental dysfunction. Often accompanied with hallucination, delusion and anxiety.

Entropy

A system (family) is winding down, dissolving, or becoming dysfunctional.

Authoritarian (Style of Leadership)

A system of leadership in which the director makes decisions unilaterally and expects full compliance of the lower ranking staff members

Active Listening

A technique and attitude of listening fully to what the speaker is saying. It is a structured form of listening with the goal of responding in a manner which focuses on what the speaker is concentrating upon. The listener often responds with rewording the speakers content or with clarifying questions.

Sublimation

A useful, socially acceptable course of behavior replaces a socially unacceptable or distasteful impulse.

For mandated Reporting of abuse, the NASW Code of Ethics states the SW should have witness the abuse before a report is made: True or False

False, SW's in good faith are mandated to report all suspected case of abuse.

The Federal Privacy Act of 1974 applies to both Federal and State agencies? True or False

False, The Federal Privacy Act of 1974 only applies to Federal Agencies but many if not all private, state & local government agencies have adopted the provisions of the act.

Family of origin

Family one is born into

This kind of group therapy structure is flexible and allows members to come and go as they desire (e.g., AA Groups)

Open Group

Questions that require a client to respond in detail & in their own words is this type of questioning?

Open-ended Questioning

Undoing

Performance of the opposite of an act a person recently commited in order to cancel out or balance evil that may have lurked in the act

Vicious cycle of sexual dysfunction

Performance pressure-> Fear of failure-> anxiety that interferes with some phase of sexual response-> Sexual dysfunction actually experienced

Adaptive function of defense mechanisms

Protect from anxiety, defenses can facilitate adaptation

Growth Groups

Provides Opportunity for members: 1) Become aware of thoughts, feelings, behaviors 2) Develop individual potentialities. Ex: Consciousness-Raising

Living will

Provides information relative to the patients wishes regarding the use of life prolonging technology

Unipolar Depression Medications

Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox, Celexa, Lexapro, (SSRI's) Effexor, Wellbutrin, Cymbalta, (Atypical Antidep) Imipramine, Amitriptyline, Elavil,(Tricyclic Antidep) Nardil, Parnate, Marplan (MAO Inhibitors)

Double Bind Communication

Two conflicting sets of messages communicated at the same time that perpetuate a no-win situation. (Don Jackson)

In psychoanalytic theory, problems, issues & dysfunctions are described as _____ & ______ behaviors.

Unwanted & Undesirable

Treatment Programs

Vary in treatment philosophy and the degree to which they support these approaches. Rarely have success rates up to 90%

contextual model

Views behavior as the result of a complex, reciprocal interaction between the individual's biogenetic characteristics and the sociohistorical environment; acknowledges the influence of both nature and nurture.

mechanistic model

Views the individual as a tabula rasa, passively reacting to environmental influences; takes the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate.

Second trimester

period of the embryo, 2nd to 8th week

African American reasons for seeking help

poor school adjustment, acting out behavior, depression, psychosis, drug addiction and alcoholism. Identified patient is usually a child who has been referred by another agency, school, etc.

The classic model of cultural development includes:

pre-encounter, encounter, immersion/emmersion, internalization and commitment

reason to keep family out in dt's

pt will probably be in restraints

At what age is the genital stage of psychosexual development?

puberty and on

Recurrent Theme Models

Unconcious assumption groups: dependency, fight/flight, pairing (occur in Bion's leaderless groups)

Components of Reflex

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) - automatically elicits response without training or conditioning Unconditioned Response (UCR) - untrained motor response

According to Psychoanalytic Theory behaviors & thoughts are driven by WHAT unconscious forces, motives, & drives?

Unconscious Dreams, Desires, Defenses, & Wishes

Transference

Unconscious attempt to repeat with the worker the conflicts attached ot the relationship client experienced with a significant person from their past.

Ability to successfully interact with others is called?

Object Relations

This type of single subject design "A only" is known as?

Observation only

Entropy

Tendency of a system to wear down and move toward disorder

Hispanic/Latino religion

most are Roman Catholic; emphasis on spiritual values.

Concrete Operational Stage

7 to 11 years Capacity to order and relate experince to organized whole. Explores several solutions to a problem.

Performance Changes

"How satisfied with your (and/or your partner's) sexual functioning are you?" "Has there been any change in your (or your partner's) sexual desire or the frequency of sexual activity?" "Have you experienced any problems with your sexual functioning?" "Do you or your partner(s) use any particular devices or substances to enhance your sexual pleasure? Is this effective?" Do you ever have PAIN with intercourse?" "Do you have any questions or concerns about your sexual functioning?" "Is there anything about your (or your partner's) sexual activity (as individuals or as a couple) that you would like to change." Women: "Do you have any difficulty achieving orgasm?" Men: "Do you have any difficulty obtaining and maintaining an erection? Any difficulty with ejaculation? Difficulty achieving orgasm?"

first and foremost question for trait theorists

"What behaviors go together?"

Severe Intellectual functioning is what IQ range?

(20-25) - (35 - 40)

Moderate Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?

(30 - 40) - (50 - 55)

Mild intellectual functioning is what IQ range?

(50-55) - 70

1.13 c.

(c) Social workers should not solicit a private fee or other remuneration for providing services to clients who are entitled to such available services through the social workers' employer or agency.

brain

most developed part of body at birth, but still has to develop further. 75% adult weight by 2, 90% by 5

2.11 c, d, e.

(c) Social workers who believe that a colleague has acted unethically should seek resolution by discussing their concerns with the colleague when feasible and when such discussion is likely to be productive. (d) When necessary, social workers who believe that a colleague has acted unethically should take action through appropriate formal channels. (e) Social workers should defend and assist colleagues who are unjustly charged with unethical conduct.

1.16 d.

(d) Social workers should not terminate services to pursue a social, financial, or sexual relationship with a client.

SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE

(addiction) Occupational or social problems, much time trying to obtain substance, continued use despite problems, etc. Involves either tolerance or withdrawal Tolerance Greater amounts required to produce desired effect Withdrawal Physiological and psychological consequences when individual discontinues or reduces substance use Restlessness, anxiety, cramps, death

1.13 b.

(b) Social workers should avoid accepting goods or services from clients as payment for professional services.

The 2 stages of Preconventional moral development focus on?

- (School age children) Seeking social acceptance - Avoiding punishment

The 3 Stages of object relations & the age ranges are?

- Autistic - Newborn to 1 mo - Symbiotic - 1 to 5 mos - Separation/Individuation - 5 mos through adulthood

Some types of social assessment (Interview) methods may be?

- Direct/Indirect Questioning - Observation of the client in her/his environment or simulated situation - Client self monitoring/self observation - Obtaining reports/records from outside sources (i.e., schools, doctors office, social service agencies)

Collective Unconscious

- Made up of archetypes or primordial images - distinctive from the person unconscious

The 2 stages of Post-conventional moral development focus on?

- Social Contracts or development of laws/regulations based on majority decision and inevitable compromise - Universal ethical principles and based on abstract reasoning

Rational for Trauma Informed Care (TIC)

- Trauma can pervasively impact an individual's life - Organizations can re-traumatize patients - Impact of trauma, strengths and creative adaptations are part of building resiliency. - TIC offers clients a chance to explore the impact of their trauma. - Enhance communication between service recipient and provider.

Archetypes

- autonomous energies which give the psyche its dynamic properties and help organize it - inborn tendencies that shape human behavior

psycho physiological systems" -

- basically traits which consist of both mental and biological elements. Traits are real and exist in the nervous system. -

Cohesiveness-building functions

- developing family rituals and traditions, stories, secrets, and rules for everyday living and coping with crises

In sum, the way a family functions

- establishes rules, communicates, and negotiates differences between members - has numerous implications for the development and well-being of its members.

Family leadership functions

- giving direction to family development; held by one person or shared over time.

Encourage family participation

- it may be the one vital link in the counseling process of those who are abusing substances.

phenotype -

- outward appearance... of a characteristic which may or may not reflect the underlying genotype (genetic inheritance). , an observable trait, the trait that actually is seen

Development of Family Value System

- setting expectations for family member behavior - a hierarchy of goals.

Health status in middle adulthood

-78-79% of adults in this stage of adulthood report their overall health as "good" or "excellent" -*Chronic illnesses* begin to emerge >Need for behavioral/ schema change to adapt >Modifying lifestyle >Tolerating body changes and losses >Maintaining a positive outlook and self image >Maintaining positive relationships including with their physicians

Separation-Individuation has 4 sub-stages of:

-Differentiation -Practicing -Rapprochement -Object Constancy

clown, diverts attention from the addict

-Mascot- *

What is a trait: 2.

. traits actually exist and are located in the nervous system.

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Stages of Death and Dying

1) denial and isolation, 2) anger, 3) bargaining 4) depression 5) acceptance

Freud's theory

1. Childhood experiences determine adult personality. 2. Unconscious mental processes influence everyday behavior. 3. Conflict causes most human behavior.

Piaget Constructivism Four Stages

1. Sensorimotor (birth - 2) 2. Preoperational (2-7) 3. Concrete Operations (7-11) 4. Formal Operaitons (11-15)

2.02

Confidentiality Social workers should respect confidential information shared by colleagues in the course of their professional relationships and transactions.

Three Key elements in understanding Trauma

1. Realizing the prevalence of trauma. 2. Recognizing how Trauma affects all individuals involved with the program, organization, or system. 3. Responding by putting this knowledge into practice.

Crisis Intervention Theory Goals

1. Reduce impact of the crisis situation in the immediate moment (reduce symptoms) 2. Assist the individual in more effectively responding to the impact of the stressful event by using internal and external resources 3. Restoration to at least pre-crisis level of functioning

Latency

6-12, None. Sexual feelings are repressed. Social contacts beyond immediate family are expanded. Focus shifts to school and same-sex friendships.

Harm Reduction

A strategy for reducing harm to drug users and people close to them. Somewhat contrary to abstinence based programs like 12 step programs. Includes public education, methadone maintenance, needle-exchange programs, and controlled drinking.

Genital Stage

10 to adulthood Accept gentials and concern for others When stage is satisified, child withdrawls cathexis, and energy is reinvested in new zone and new objects. If gratification is excessive or inadequate, child remains fixated. If excessive frustration, child regress to earlier stage of development

Concrete Operations

7-11 years

Borderline Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?

71 - 84

Eric Erickson id's __ discrete Psychosocial stages of development of:

8, Trust v Mistrust; Autonomy v Shame/Doubt; Initiative v Guilt; Industry v Inferority; Identity v Role Confusion; Generativity v Stagnation; Ego Intergrity v Depair.

Practicing Substage

9-15 months

Conduct Disorder

A cluster of behaviors which disregards the mental and physical welfare of others. Grouped into four categories: harming people or animals, lying or stealing, destruction of property, major infractions of rules or laws.

off-time events

A life event that happens either earlier or later than normally expected; more stressful than on-time events.

What is the best predictor of future violence?

A past history of violent behavior.

Intimacy

Conflict diminsh, personal involvement and significance increases, morale and sense of we-ness increases, character emerges, with evolving group culture, norms, roles, and group becomes familial

Reenactment and review

Active recapitulation, review experience in minute detail, repeate earlier experiences

_____ is the reciprocal process by which the individual and their environment change and adapt to one another in order to achieve _____ of _____?

Adaptation & Goodness of Fit

Two of the early cognitive theorists Alfred ______ & Albert _______.

Alfred Adler & Albert Ellis

Nomothetic Theory

All human beings are a like and should develop in the same manner, general universal principles.

Thyroid gland

Also controls physical growth and development and the development of the nervous system. Secretes thyroxin. Without enough thyroxin, infants become mentally retarded. Thyroxin deficiency after brain maturation is completed have stunted physical growth, but not mental retardation.

Emerging Adulthood

Alternative term Age 18-25 -May live with their parents and attend college or work -Tend to marry in their mid-twenties

Adulthood

Although adulthood begins sometime in a person's mid-twenties, defining adulthood into stages is more DIFFICULT than defining the stages of childhood or adolescence.

Intentionality

Always remember what works with one client may or may not work well with another client.

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act - prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities by employers and assures the same protections and guarantees as nondisabled persons have. The definition of disability includes visual or hearing impairment, alcohol & drug problems, and HIV disease.

Attention Disorder Medications

Amphetamine -like (Ritalin (short-acting), Long-acting Ritalin, Concerta, Adderall (short-acting), Adderall XR (long-acting); Non-Amphetamine (Strattera)

developmental task

An ability, skill, or responsibility that, if accomplished at the appropriate stage in life, contributes to future growth and happiness.

Tavistock, group as a whole, group centered models

Analytic approach that focuses on entire group - work of WR Bion (leaderless groups). Groups are understood throw prevailing emotional state or basic assumptions. Therapist is the consultant and works with groups referred to study groups. Consultant observes, and does not have an agenda or rules. Alert members to group process and stimulate study of these. Members explore experiences in how they interact with others.

Concept of Defense Mechanisms was developed by?

Anna Freud

short term memory loss

Antegrade amnesia

Thorazine

Antipsychotics (chlorpromazine)

Prolixin

Antipsychotics (fluphenazine)

Haldol

Antipsychotics (haloperidol)

Mellaril

Antipsychotics (thioridazine)

Stinking Thinking

Any type of negative influence of thinking that is frowned upon in 12 step programs. It is an example of 12 step concepts that can be translated across treatment approaches.

Term Client

Anyone who receives mental health services.

Multiaxial evaluation

Axis I - Clinical Disorder (May have more than 1 diagnosis) Axis 2 - Personality Disorders or Mental Retardation (May have more than 1 diagnosis) Axis 3 - Physical Disorders and Conditions (Medical conditions that directly cause or contribute to Axis 1 diagnosis) Axis 4 - Psychosocial and enviornmental problems (Precipitants or consequences of pathology) Axis 5 - Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) (highest level of functioning in past year by considering psychological, social, and occupational functioning)

Intentionality suggests one -

Begin with a specific theoretical framework Pick intentional interventions based on how you conceptualize clients within this theoretical framework. Make sure you understand your client's past experience. Then, intentionally apply appropriate techniques. One size does not fit all in counseling.

Concrete Operations

Beginning of operational thinking, can perform transformations, understand reversibility, inversion, reciprocity, and conservation, group into categories, make inferences, inductive reasoning

Reaction formation

Behaving exactly the opposite of one's true feelings

The act that is the focus of the analysis & target for change is called?

Behavior

The two phases of N=1 are?

Baseline & Intervention Phase

External Locus Control

Belief in fate, luck and other things control what happens to us

Freud

Believed that unconscious feeling and experiences of childhood impact adult personality and behavior

Projecton

Believing that impulses coming from within are coming from other people

Profound Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?

Below (20 - 25)

Anxiety Medications

Bezodiazepines (Ativan, Xanax, Klonopin, Valium)

3.05

Billing Social workers should establish and maintain billing practices that accurately reflect the nature and extent of services provided and that identify who provided the service in the practice setting.

Intelectualization

Binding of instinctual drives in intellecutal activities

Parietal Lobe

Body Movement & Sensation

Open and Closed Systems

Boundary b/w a system and its enviornment is open or closed.

Experience versus maturation

Changes in the three areas of development - biological development, cognitive development, and psychosocial development - differ in the degree to which they're controlled by experience versus maturation.

What causes the definition of family to change?

Changing culture and belief systems Different circumstances Specific life-changing events Additions to the family - birth, move-ins, etc. Thus the definition of family is not __static______.

Bipolar Disorder

Characterized by an extreme mood either in the depressed or manic state or swings between the two. Previously known as Manic-depressive.

Bipolar I Disorder

Characterized by one or more manic episodes usually preceded by or followed by a major depressive disorder.

Sex-linked dominant traits

Carried on the dominant Gene

Schizophrenia

Catatonic (stupor, negativism, rigid, mutism) Disorganized (incoherence, flat or grossly inappropriate affect) Paranoid Type (delusions, auditory hallucinations, persecutory or grandiose) Undifferentiated Type (prominent delusions, hallucinations, incoherence, disorganized bheavior) Residual type (Absence of psychotic features) Treatment: Medication, ego supportive therapy aimed at containing psychotic symptoms, and maintaining highest level of functioning

Climacteric or menopause

Cessation of a female reproductive capacity. The dropping estrogen levels in the body triggers. Organ shrink, genitals react more slowly to stimulation, vagina secretes fewer lubricants during arousal.

Axis I lists?

Clinical disorders or major mental illnesses

1. Educating community members 2. Locating & utilizing community resources 3. Influencing organizations to respond to the problem by developing policies 4. Politically motivating the local, state and/or Federal Gov't to enact legislation are the goals of?

Community level Eco-Systems intervention

1.04 a.

Competence a. Social workers should provide services and represent themselves as competent only within the boundaries of their education, training, license, certification, consultation received, supervised experience, or other relevant professional experience.

Group therapy is generally recommended as a __________ Intervention or Therapy. It is not used as an individual treatment method but as a supplement.

Complementary

This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client focuses on false or unrealistic similarities & tends to ignore or deny the differences is defined as?

Confluence

This psychoanalytic technique where the SW brings opposing ideas & thoughts together for the purpose of exploration & comparison is referred to as?

Confrontation

Social Goals Model

Coyle, Kaiser, Wilson, Ryland, Trecker, Alissi 1) Clubbing institutes in the 18th century, Settlement House Movement, and emergence of Character Building agencies. SWer's emerged as agents of the agency. 2) Influnce wide range of small group experiences, help members identify and achieve goals, increase social consciousness and responsability. 3) Increase community involvement as source of reofrm and betterment; and help people become socially responsible. Democratic decision making and group tolerance for difference was formed. 4) Establish positive relationships, utilize group process by doing rather than doing for, identify needs, goals, and particiapation.

Sequential research design

Created recently by Schaie to examine developmental changes in intelligence in adulthood. Combines the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, to examine cohort differences. Researchers have been able to quantify birth cohort effects using this design.

Rationalization

Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior

The theoretical base of this approach is base on psychoanalytic, Ego psychology & social learning theory & focuses on mitigating a short term crisis & learning new coping skills is known as?

Crisis Intervention

Ability to protect ego maturely (rationalization) or immaturely (denial) is called?

Defensive Functioning (Defenses)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder & Panic

Defense: Regression (or repression)

Substance Abuse

Defense: Regression, Projection, Rationalization, Denial, Fragmentation: Form of denail, refers to time Minimization refers to quantity

Obesity

Defined as weighing 20% more than the average for people of similar age, height, body type, and sex. Correlates with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and liver and kidney problems. Adolescents have a great risk of obesity than children because their metabolism rates start to decline.

Sublimination

Deflect the energies of instinct drives to generally positive aims that are acceptable to ego and superego

Inability to focus or remember, disorientation, and language disturbances & is brief & fluctuates during throughout the day is?

Delirium

Hallucinations, rapid respiration, temperature abnormalities and body tremors are symptoms of:

Delirium Tremens

facial flushing, dilated pupils, sweating, hyperventilation, gross tremors, tachycardia, diarrhea, possible vascular collapse d/t volume deficit, hyperthermia are s/s of

Delirium Tremens- must intervene

Shared Psychotic Disorder

Delusion is held with another person in a close relationship

Foreclosure

Distinguished by not having experienced a crisis, yet expressing commitment. It's difficult to tell where his parents' goals for him leave off and where his begin; Cr- No Co-Yes; Marcia

Dissociative Disorder

Disturbance in normally functions of identity, memory, consciousness, or perception of enviornment.

Alcohol FDA Approved

Disulfram, Naltrexone, and Acamprosate.

Candidacy

Do not prejudice or prejudge who would or would not be a good candidate for AA. There's importance in severity of dependence and social support for drinking.

Protection from STDs

Do you and your partner(s) use any protection against STDs?" -No: "Could you tell me the reason?" -Yes: "What kind of protection do you use?" "How often do you use this protection? -Sometimes: "In what situations or with whom do you use protection?" "Do you have any other questions, or are there other forms of protection from STDs that you would like to discuss today?"

Face validity

Does the test focus directly on the behavior of the kind in which we are interested(i.e. testing reading speed by timing how long it takes a child to read a passage of known length)

Sexual pain disorder

Dyspareunia (pain during intercourse) and vaginismus (vaginal muscle tension and spasms)

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment

Emphasis on functional analysis of drug use (antecedents, consequences, context). Skills training. Approaches such as relapse prevention are grounded in social learning theories and principles of operant conditioning.

All psychodynamic theories

Emphasize unconscious motives and desires

Phallic traits

Excessive masturbation, flirts frequently, excessively modest, excessively timid, overly proud, promiscuity

Carol Gilligan and Morality of Care

Feminist response to Kohlberg's perspective 1) Morality of care reflects women's experience more than justice and rights 2) Morality reflects caring, responsibility, nonviolence. Morality of justice and rights emphasizes equality. -Care is interconnected and nurturing -Justice emerges as response to individual and stresses autonomy 4) Dynamics of attacment relations. Seperation leads to awareness and power differences b/w child and adult 5) Girls remain attached to mothers, less aware of gender inequality, and not focus on question of fairness. Boys requre individualization and seperation leading to power difference 6) Moral reasoning is not as different along gender lines. Male and female morality involves concerns about both justice and care.

Unlike Freud, Erickson believed personality development continued after the age of _____.

Five

The partial or complete cessation of personality development at one of the psychosexual stages is called?

Fixation

Flooding

Flooding involves exposing the client with the imagery or actuality of his/her phobia with enough regularity to extinguish the fear. Rather than exaggerating the phobia, the amount of exposure to the phobia is increased.

Watson

Found in school psychology called behaviorism or behavioral psychology

Human Sexual Response Cycle

Four phases to the response cycle: -Desire -Excitement -Orgasm -Resolution

Kelly's Choice Corollary

Freedom of Choice. Adventure - We choose alternatives for each construct that works best for us Security - Choose the one that allows us to predict the outcome of anticipated events. Most people choose this one.

Psychodynamic theory (psychoanalytic theory)

Freud

Structural Theory

Freud Id, Ego, Superego

Direct influence

Gives advice or suggestions to influence client

Axis V Lists?

Global Assessment of Functioning

Axis V

Global assessment of functioning scale (GAF)

Behavioral group Therapies

Goal: help members eliminate maladaptive behaviors and learn more adaptive behaviors. Most productive focus for change resides w/in individuals in their interactions w/in enviornment, rather tha on ability to gain insight into the past. Measure effectiveness. Practice provedures and techniques emerged from research are applied to groups. Employs directive techniques, provides information, teaches coping skills, and changes behavior. Worker: organizes predetermined strucutre activities. Techniques: restructuring, systematic desensitization, implosive therapies, assertion training, aversive techniques, operant-conditioning, self-help reinforcement and support, behavioral research, caching, modeling, feedback, and proedures for challenging and changing conditions.

Naracissitic PD

Grandiose sense of self-importance, fantasies of unlimited success, choric exhiitionism, difficulty dealing with criticism, indifferent to others. Difficult relationship, feelings of entitlement, exploits others, extreme polarities of idealizing and devaluing others. (Supportive counseling, empathic mirroring, empathy) Cluster B

Extended Families

Grandparents Uncles Aunts Cousins Other Relatives

Unconscious

Hidden part of our personality. Still influence personality

Asian/Pacific Islander family structure

Hierarchical family structure with strictly prescribed roles and rules of behavior and conduct. Adhering to rules of conduct reflects not only on individual but also on the family and extended kinship network as well as past and future generations.

Amygdala

High in emotional content; implicated in emotional disorders like PTSD; 1 main part in storage of memory

...

Individuals in close relationships with addicts or alcoholics possibly suffer from a disease of codependency because their feelings of self-worth and personal identities were enmeshed with people in addiction (Dr. Timmen Cermak, 1980).

Three parts of Freud's Structual Model

Id, Ego, Superego

Personality consists of:

Id, ego, superego

Form of denial in which the object of attention is presented as "all good" masking true negative feelings toward the other is called?

Idealization

The unconscious modeling of one's self upon another person's behavior is called?

Identification

Durable power of attorney

Identifies one or more individuals who will have authority to make heath decisions for the patient in case of an accident; more flexible than a living will

Spiritual and Religious are not necessarily synonymous terms.

If the person is fully developed the spiritual domain can define expression in a wide variety of activities: Meditation Discipline Humanitarian Service Human Dignity Fostering Judgment

psychosocial crisis

In Erikson's theory, a turning point in development, when there is heightened vulnerability but also opportunity for growth (Erikson described eight crises in the life cycle).

The 2 stages of conventional moral development focus on?

Individuals seeking to gain the approval of others & adherence to laws & rules.

Developmental research methods

In addition to the previous methods; cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential research designs are also used by developmental psychologists.

Baseline

In behavioral therapy, the baseline is the measurement of how many times a behavior or event occurs before treatment commences.

12 Step Attendance

Individuals with more severe problems, more use of external support, and more anxiety about drinking. No barriers from low religiosity. Positively associated with more engaged religious practices, more extroverted and interpersonally competent, having more 12 step exposure, and being less educated.

This stage is from 6 to 11 years and involves a child to accomplish tasks & work in groups. Failing this stage the child feels inferior & incompetent.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Research design is contraindicated

In some cases it would be unethical to withdraw treatment if client were at risk for harm. In a crisis, you would not delay treatment in order to obtain baseline data

Median

In statistics, the score in a distribution which is above 50% of the scores and below 50% of the scores

Mode

In statistics, the score in a distribution which occurs with the most frequency

Adolescence Sexuality

In the U.S., nearly 70% of females and 80% of males have had sexual intercourse by the age of 19 - 13% of adolescents report having sex by age 15 Average age of intercourse: -Boys = 16 -Girls = 17

Agnosia

Inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things

Sexual Arousal Disorder

Inability to maintain an erection or to attain and maintain sexual excitement

Apraxia

Inability to perform particular purposive actions

Conductive Apashia

Inability to put words together in a meaningful way, speak gibberish

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall important personal information not due to organic causes and more than forgetfulness

Voucher-Based CM

Incentives have been effective in reducing substance use. May be expanded to outcomes other than negative toxicology screen.

Task Groups

Include a range of groups formed for purpose of meeting organizational, client, and community needs and functions. Ex: Boards, committees, etc.

Flexibility

Include provisions for renegotiation

Population

Includes all members of a class or a subset from which a smaller sample maybe drawn and about whom the researcher wants to draw conclusions.

Distinctions of Disorganized (Hebephrenic) Schizophrenia

Incoherent verbalizations, extreme disorganized behavior

AA Outcomes

Increased affiliation from 1 to 3 yrs predicts better outcomes at 3 yr assessment. Relatively quick affiliation and longer particiaption have showed better outcomes up to 8 yrs later. Associated w/ better outcomes in dual diagnosis patients.

Development of Personality

Infant: Id, goverened by pleasure principle, seeks immediate gratification. Ego develops practical strategies for coping, including capacity for delay and for delaying gratification. Ego is governed byt he reality principle. Reality oriented thinking is called secondary process thought. Finally the early childhood, oedipal complex occurs, with development of superego.

Biopsychosocialspiritual Approach

Involves interaction of these domains: Biological (brain and body) Physiological Psychological (mind, mood, and will) Behavioral/Psychological approach Social (family, friends, and others) Environmental Spiritual (meaning and purpose) Why spirituality? Spirituality provides individuals with a sense of meaning and connectedness. Substances may provide initial feelings of wholeness and fulfillment but they are mere substitutes to the meaning one seeks. Utilizing spirituality has shown repeated efficacy in the treatment process (Juhnke & Hagedorn, 2006). Recovery programs devoid of a focus of importance of spirituality has proven to be less effective than their counterparts. Don't shy away from the client's spirituality. AA has determined years ago the need to incorporate the spiritual component into the recovery process. Incorporating balance into the treatment process

Correlational research

Involves measuring two or more variables in order to determine if they're related

What is a priority in treating domestic violence?

Medical and safety needs (maslow's hierarchy)

The ability to distinguish between reality and imagination is called?

Judgement

Strategic Family Therapy

Jay Haley Emphasizes change techniques over theory. Influenced by Milton Erickson Therapist is very directive, especially useful with change-resistant families Techniques: Take charge role, directies, paradoxical directives, ordeals, out-positioning, reframing

This Cognitive Development theorist believed all individuals are born with Schemas both sensorimotor and cognitive.

Jean Piaget

Model of addiction: Psychodynamic

Key features: 1. addiction is a COPING MECHANISM and in response to stressful ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS 2. ADDICTION IS SECONDARY problem and PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ARE PRIMARY (i.e. Addictive personalities) Limitations: 1. utilization of behavioral therapy may not work for all clients in this non-holistic model 2. may encourage external blame instead of personal accountability

hallucinogens

LSD, PCP

Pharmacotherapy Objectives

Managing abstinence early on. Relapse prevention by helping patients stay clean and within goals for long periods of time.

Bipolar 1

Manic-Depression; one or more Manic episodes charachterized by persistent abnormal elevated or irritable mood, pressured speech, grandiolsity, sleeplessness, and excessive pleasurable attention seeking activity

Acomprosate

Medication thought to restore a normal NMDA receptor tone in glutamate systems. Mechanism of action is reducing protracted withdrawal symptoms like sleep difficulty, agitation, and anxiety during abstinence. Meta-analysis found it effective with a longer medication regimen. COMBINE study found no support.

Broca's Aphasia

Memory for motor movements of speech has been damaged, so speech has become slow, effortful, telegraphic; speech does not flow together; happens from damage to left side of brain

4.06

Misrepresentation (a) Social workers should make clear distinctions between statements made and actions engaged in as a private individual and as a representative of the social work profession, a professional social work organization, or the social worker's employing agency. (b) Social workers who speak on behalf of professional social work organizations should accurately represent the official and authorized positions of the organizations. (c) Social workers should ensure that their representations to clients, agencies, and the public of professional qualifications, credentials, education, competence, affiliations, services provided, or results to be achieved are accurate.

This average is determined by the score(s) that appear most frequently.

Mode

Behavior

Modify actions

Affective

Modify feelings

Cognitive

Modify thoughts

Mollie, a 75-year-old female reports that she feels she is beginning to forget some things like where she placed her glasses and whether she has turned off the stove after cooking. She is sure to double check when this happens. She denies all other memory difficulties and her family does not have any concerns regarding her ability to live alone. Based on the symptoms above, what is this patient's most likely diagnosis?

NORMAL AGING

Nicotine Treatments

NRT, Bupropion, Varenicline, and Biomarkers.

Alcohol Treatments

Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Disulfiran, Gabapentin, and Biomarkers.

Kelly's Role Construct Repertory (REP) Test

Name significant people in your life Cards sorted into groups of 3 How are 2 similar and different from the 3rd

Relatives and friends of narcotic addicts work on recovery from behaviors which respond to the drug-addicted individuals. Goals include self-care, self-development, and detachment from the drug addict.

Nar-Anon

12 step for drug use

Narcotics Anonymous

Psychodynamic

Nathan Ackerman, Don Jackson, Olga Silverstein. Previous family relations determine current patterns within a family. If there was distortion in childhood, the unrealistic patterns of behavior are produced leading to miscommunication and behavioral problems.

Phase 3

ORGASM PEAK of sexual pleasure -Release of sexual tension and the *rhythmic contraction* of the perinatal muscles and the pelvic reproductive organs Orgasm typically lasts from 3 to 25 seconds

This type of single subject design B-C only is implemented how?

No baseline is recorded. Instead data is recorded after an initial intervention (B). Then the intervention is changed and data is recorded (C).

Integration of Theories

No one theory explains addiction for every case, clinicians and researchers alike have been calling for a total reorganization - an integration of theories. Flexibility is a key component of working effectively with clients!

Adaptation

No precise definition, but includes a reciprocal relationship b/w organism and enviornment. Shift attn from id to ego. Hallmarks: productivity, ability to enjoy life, and undisturbed equilibrium

Rett's Disorder

Normal Development until 5 months, followed by severe deterioration of head growth, hand skills, and loss of social interaction, language development, and motor capacity.

Adults neurological development

Normal changes include a slowing of the transmission of neural messages, decreased blood flow to the brain, loss of neurons, loss of brain weight, and decreased amount of neurotransmitters. However, new neural circuits can continue to be formed to replace those lost.

Skinner

Operant conditioning

1.10

Physical Contact Social workers should not engage in physical contact with clients when there is the possibility of psychological harm to the client as a result of the contact.

Hypochondriasis

Physical signs are abnormal and preoccupation with fear or belief of serious illness

Equilibration of accommodation and assimilation

Piaget argues that normally we are in this state, when a new stimulus presents we enter state of disequilibrium

At this stage the child begins to us symbols (i.e., learning language, drawing, etc...)

Pre-operational

Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional

_____ is defined as the presentation of an unpleasant or undesired event following a behavior in order to decrease its occurrence.

Punishment

Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interaction, impairment in communication skills, and stereotyped behavior, interests, and activity.

Phase 4

RESOLUTION *Disgorgement* of blood from the genitalia Body returns to its resting state If orgasm occurs, resolution is rapid and accompanied by a general sense of well-being If orgasm does not occur, resolution may take up to 2-6 hours

Skinner's variable interval

Random but happens. Ex: checking your email

Growth spurt

Rapid physical growth during infancy and again in adolescence

Cognative Behavioral Approaches

Rational Emotive Therapy albert Ellis Address: faulty cognition, cognitive distortions, perceptions, thoughts, images, beliefs. Strucutred Psycho-educational, problem solving, and experiential affective models aimed at helping members cope with range of problems.

Ego

Rational, reality-oriented personality system

Ego

Rational, thoughtful, realistic personality process

Attempting to provide a logical and rational explanation for something or situation to avoid guilt or shame is called?

Rationalization

Common defense mechanisms

Rationalization, repression, reaction formation, regression, projection, displacement, sublimation, intellectualization, denial

According to Pavlov, behaviors are a _______ to or result of some environmental event or ________.

Response & Stimulus

Zoloft

SSRI antidepressant (sertaline)

A main focus of Al-Anon

STOP the enabler

Sensitive period

Same as critical period but applied to humans

The extent to which external/internal events are seen as real is called?

Sense of Reality (of the world & self)

Displacement

Shifting unacceptable feelings from their original source to a safer, substitute target.

Task Centered Treatment

Short-term approach to treatment based on learning and cognitive theories. Can use interventions and strategies to achieve concrete goals.

Solution-Focused Therapy

Short-term, strengths-based treatment model that emphasizes empowerment to allow client to take action him or herself Describing the problem Developing well-formulated goals Working cooperatively to idetify solutions to problems End of session feedback Evaluation of client progress Techniques: miracle question, exception-finding, presuppositional questions, compliments, listening skills, empath, scaling questions

Founder of the Psychoanalytic School

Sigmund Freud

He concluded that some of the most powerful influences of human personality were things we are not conscious of

Sigmund Freud

Kelly's Construction Corollary

Similarities among repeated events. Since repeated events are similar, we can predict how we will experience the same thing in the future

Dysthymic Disorder

Similiar to Depressive disorder but less severe and more chronic - 2years

This sampling technique is where a group of n subjects has equal chance of being picked (e.g., picking names out of hat) & known as?

Simple Random Sampling

An Unrealistic Definition -

Since contemporary life is filled with families with different living arrangements, styles of living, and organizational patterns one must note that family is not this romanticized version: "The idealized, nostalgic portrait of the American nuclear family depicts a carefree, white family with a suburban residence, sole-provider father in a 9-to-5 job, and a full time, stay-at-home mother always available when the children return from school. Both parents are dedicated to child-rearing and remain together for life; children are educated in a neighborhood school and attend church with their parents on Sunday; plenty of money and supportive grandparents" (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2002). Times have changed, circumstances have changed, and the family definition has changed as well. The amount of individuals living in the version above is extremely rare.

Shaping of behavior

Skinner argued that two processes of reinforcement and punishment control the shaping of behavior

Partial reinforcement

Slot machines use variable ratio reinforcement which is most effective.

McAlister

Smoking is an enjoyable activity promoting popularity.

Per Cognitive Theory behavior is driven by _____ motivation, not sexual drives.

Social

Active (Mercy Killing)

Steps taken to help cause death

This type of test of reliability is where study subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups and are tested within their respective groups and ideally achieving the same result is known as?

Split-Half Test

Repressing, dissociation or disconnecting important feelings that are "dangerous" to psychic well-being, leading to feelings of a fragmented self is called?

Splitting

Alzheimer's: Stage 3

Spreads from the parietal lobes to the frontal lobes; marked by inappropriate behavior in some settings (laughing at funeral); lots of sleeping; does not want to finish a task; decline in motor, language and recognition ability.

grasping

Squeezing any object placed in hand

Normalization

Stigmatized person as if he is or did not have stigma

Normification

Stigmatized person to present as ordinary

Increases CNS activity Decreases anxiety and judgment Increases impulses and sexuality with loss of inhibitions Clear sensorium decreased fatigue, increases interest, competence, and self esteem Hand tremors Increases HR and BP (constricts blood vessels)* Decreases appetite Mydriasis (pupils dialated)

Stimulants

Anal

Stingy, excessive focus on accumulating and collecting, rigid regarding forms and routines, suspicious, legalistic thinking

The Moral, Judicial & Ethical portion of an individual's personality is?

Superego

3.01

Supervision and Consultation (a) Social workers who provide supervision or consultation should have the necessary knowledge and skill to supervise or consult appropriately and should do so only within their areas of knowledge and competence. (b) Social workers who provide supervision or consultation are responsible for setting clear, appropriate, and culturally sensitive boundaries. (c) Social workers should not engage in any dual or multiple relationships with supervisees in which there is a risk of exploitation of or potential harm to the supervisee. (d) Social workers who provide supervision should evaluate supervisees' performance in a manner that is fair and respectful.

A sampling design based on systematically selecting a sample at random, such as picking every 10th item or subject from the overall population is known as?

Systematic Sampling

Impacts of Chemical Addictions

The areas most notably impacted when referring to chemical addictions include but are not limited to: Healthcare System US Economic Productions Criminal Justice System Social Welfare System Mental Health

Life expectancy

The average length of life expected from members of a particular birth cohort

How Characteristics of Families Change

The behavior of individual members is interrelated through the process of circular causality, which holds that if one family member changes his or her behavior, the others will also change as a consequence, which in turn causes subsequent changes in the member who changed initially.

Macrosystem

The larger cultural context in which all the other systems exist

However, therapeutic techniques account for only 15% of client success.

The other 85% is divided among extra-therapeutic factors, relationship factors, and positive client expectations.

Negative Entropy

The survival or restoration of a family system to functional status is driven by negative entropy. Input or energy from outside the system is the source.

structural lag

The tendency for social change to occur more rapidly than social norms and structures can adjust to it, resulting in a poor fit between the reality of individuals' lives and the institutions of society.

generative desires

The wish to be productive and to make a contribution to society.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Theory on Moral Development 1969 Built on Piaget's research Experience shapes understanding of moral concepts (justice, rights, equality, human welfare) Process that takes extended period of development 6 stages

Counter Transference

Therapist's unconscious distorted perception and response to a client based on emotional conflict regarding significant person from client's past.

African American poverty and health care

There are a higher percentage living in poverty and vulnerable to health problems.

Idiographic Theory

There are ways in which every person is historically unique, individual differences/variation.

What is a family?

There is no single absolute definition of family. The definition of family varies according to culture and belief systems. Due to cultures and belief systems changing over time the definition of family changes as well.

Watson argued

Through experience we learned to associate new environmental stimuli with the reflexive emotional responses of love, anger, and fear

People more likely to be traumatized by a new situation:

Those who have been traumatized previously

Anton et al 2008

Those with the Asp40 OPRM1 Genotype had higher percent of good clinical outcome with taking Naltrexone Hydrochloride.

Family Tasks

Though all families face certain serious problems they also have certain internal assets and strengths. In addition, a family may appear non-traditional in the strictest sense still it may in fact be quite traditional when it comes to carrying out typical family tasks such as: Daily living tasks - obtaining and preparing food; cleaning, repairing, improving family possessions; child care and socialization of dependent children; care for sick and elderly.

Memory, concentration and attention. Abstract vs. Concrete thinking is called?

Thought Processes (Cognition)

Problem focused coping

Thoughts & behaviors that try to manage or resole the underlying stress

Learning

To find as changes in observable behavior

4 functions of Personality Theories

To provide a way of organizing what we know about ourselves and others; To explain differences between individuals, To explore how people conduct their lives; To determine ways to help improve lives.

Predictive validity

To what degree does variation in test scores predict variation on some other measures

Construct validity

To what extent do explanatory concepts or qualities fit with what is known about the subject matter

a markedly increased amount of the drug is required to achieve the same desired effect

Tolerance- (short answer content)

Tic Disorder

Tourette's: Motor Tics and one or more vocal tics Chronic Motor or Verbal Disorder: Motor or vocal tics Transietn Tic Disorder: Less severe than Tourette's and ending within 12 months.

Increase muscle strength Anti social behavior Violent behavior Hyperthermia Increased HR with arrhythmia Increased Respirations leads to arrest CNS depressant leads to coma and catatonic state Absent corneal and gag reflexes

Toxic level of PCP

Anxiety or panic attacks Paranoia Depersonalization

Toxic level of cannabinols

Dysphonia Anxiety Panic attack Hypervigilance Paranoid delusions

Toxic level of hallucinogens

Confusion- loss of self control-LOC-seizures Headache Tinnitus Blurred vision with diplopia and nystagmus Decreased reflexes and muscle coordination Cardiac arrhythmias Pulmonary edema* toxins in lungs Increased suicide attempts

Toxic level of inhalants

Cross-sectional research design

Used to examine differences between different-aged subjects at one point in time. One weakness of this design is that younger group performs better than the older group on the memory test, the group difference could be due to either differences in age or because they're from two different birth cohorts (generations).

Conditioning Period

Used to show patients what would happen when alcohol is consumed during disulfiram treatment. May be used in a targeted way like when patients have more tendencies to drink.

Genetic Variants

Useful in identifying treatment responders, thereby personalizing treatment.

Experiential Family Therapy

Virginia Satir and Esalen institute - Role theory drew from concepts of sociology, ego concepts, and communication theory. The roles of rescuer and placator were viewed and identified how they constrained relationships and interactions in families. Awareness and communication of feelins is used to create intimacy in family, and improve self-esteem. Individual growth is validated and developmental delays are addressed. there is stress plcaed on parenters and their changing of verbal and non-vebal ocmmunication patterns that lower self-esteem.

Operant

Voluntary behavior

Rotter's history

Was Jewish and told he couldn't succeed

Major Depressive Disorder

Weight Loss or gain, insomnia or sleeping too much, motor agitation or low energy. Feeling sad or empty, worthless, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, general loss of interest. Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. 2 week duration or mroe

A chronic alcoholic being treated with Thiamine is most likely suffering from

Wernicke's encephathology or Korsakoff's syndrome

Ego

What a person can do

Superego

What a person should do

Id

What a person wants to do

Salience feeds centrality; the experiences you have feed into how important being black/brown/white etc.. is to you

Which feeds one another? centrality or salience?

Patients and talking about sex

You may be the only person a patient will confide in -Ask your patients about their sex life -Listen in an empathetic, NON-judgmental manner -Consider simple solutions first -Refer patients to experts so that they have a safe place to further discuss their thoughts, behaviors, fantasies, etc.

Reality therapy

William Glasser: disenchantment w/conventional therapies Not mentally ill, but commit acts due to need to be loved, feel worwhile. Reality, responsibility, and rightness underscore basic principles. Personal relationships based on contractual expectations that members will work to change. Unconditional regard for clients, make value judgements, realistic alternatives, accepts no excuses, gives no punishments. Reinforce idea of person responsible for natural consequences. Contract, confrontation, role playing, modeling, constructing action plans.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Work and family: 35/40-65 Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Basic Strengths: productivity and creativity Generativity develops by: -Caring for others -Production/Contribution -When we are in this stage, we often FEAR inactivity and meaninglessness. -As children leave home, or relationships or goals change, we may be faced with major life changes—the *mid-life crisis*—and struggle with finding new meanings and purposes. -If not successful, become self-absorbed and STAGNATE Outcome: Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world (stagnate)

Establishment of a therapeutic relationship

Worker - nonpossessive, warm, concerned, genuine, empathetic, non-judgemental, optimistic, knowledge and competent, self-aware, communication skills.

Sex chromosome

XX = female, XY = male

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Young Adulthood. At this time we are concerned with establishing intimate, long-term relationships with others. If we have successfully resolved the identity crisis, we can be warm and open with others. If we are unsure of our identity or if we have developed an unhealthy identity, then we may avoid others or keep them at an emotional distance.

Prenatal tests

amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling

Native American/Alaskan Native effective methods

culturally sensitive, non-directive, collaborative approaches; use of metaphors, story telling, paradoxical interventions; networking and use of rituals. Family therapy is consistent with the Indian value of working together to solve problems.

Ativan and Librium are metabolized in

liver- assess for liver function

Ego

must resolve the conflict between the Id and Superego without offending either

idiographic vs. nomothetic approach nomothetic

nomothetic- scientific approach /looks at only one or a few traits in large numbers of people.

recessive gene

not able to exert any influence on a characteristic if paired with dominant gene

Dystonic behaviors

not in sync with the ego and involve guilt

Effects

of trauma are often not recognized. Event if the individual does not meet the diagnostic criteria for trauma related disorders, it is important to recognize that trauma may still affect his or her life in significant ways.

Alzheimer's: Stage 2- Apraxic, Aphasic, Agnostic

spreads from the temporal lobe to the parietal lobe (controls understanding of spatial info. as well as body movements); marked by decline & inability to recognize faces as well as forgetting their way to & from familiar places; difficulty in speech and executing learned motor movements

Nurture blank slate

tabula rasa

what is a trait:1.

traits have the capacity to "render many stimuli functionally equivalent."

The Big Five

traits that appear repeatedly in different research studies

Hispanic/Latino common values & beliefs

values and beliefs are rooted in a history of being conquered and colonized; history of economic and political oppression in homelands. Belief in the innate worth of all individuals and that people are born into their lot in life; respect for dignity of self and others. Respect for elders; respect for authority.

D-Needs

Deficiency Needs: Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem

Schizotypical PD

Deficits in interpersonal relatedness, thought, perception, speech, and behavior peculiarities. Magical thinking, ideas of reference, recurrent illusions. Cluster A

Multiple cognitive deficits and intellectual deterioration. Involves problems with memory, language, perception, irritability, agitation, delusions, & loss of control. Symptoms are stable and last over long periods of time is?

Dementia

Skinner's secondary reinforcers

Have to be taught it's value; money

Placebo

Inactive substance given in place of a drug in psychological research

Prevention of pregnancy

"Are you currently trying to conceive or father a child?" "Are you concerned about getting pregnant or getting your partner pregnant?" "Are you using contraception or practicing any form of birth control?" "Do you need any information on birth control?" "If you had an UNPLANNED pregnancy, would you continue the pregnancy or have it terminated?" "If you would keep the pregnancy, we should discuss any substance use."

antidepressants

...

cannabinols

...

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

1-3 years. Children begin to express self-control by climbing, exploring, touching, and toilet training. Parents can foster a sense of autonomy by encouraging children to try new things. If restrained or punished harshly, shame and doubt can develop.

Normal Symbiotic

1-5 months

two basic assuptions of trait theory

1. every trait applies to all people; 2. the descriptions of the traits can be quantified and studied.

Darwin's theory main characteristics

1. never enough resources for all species to survive, so constant struggle for existence 2. variations in traits and abilities of species that are product of chance combinations of inherited traits 3. some chance variations in traits better enable species to adapt and survive 4. those who do survive, reproduce, passing on the chance variations they inherited into the gene pool

midlife transition

A major period of reassessment postulated by Levinson and others to occur around age 40 and precipitated by an increased awareness of mortality; one of the most controversial aspect of his model.

Systemic Linkages

2 or more elements combine to act as one

Seligman's happy personality

2 parts 1) Cognitive evaluation of the quality of one's life experience 2) positive effect and having it

Pre-operational Stage

2 to 7 years Symbolic thought derives from sensory-motor thinking, but conceptual ability not yet developed

Childhood disintegrative disorder

2 years of normal development followed by deterioration of language, social interaction, and stereotyped behaviors and interests.

when does alcohol withdrawal begin

4-96 hours

Multiple Family Therapy

3 or more families gather as a group w/1 or more therapists to discuss common problems

At what age is the phallic stage of psychosexual development?

3 years- 5 years

on-time events

A life event that happens at about the expected time in the life cycle; less stressful than off-time events.

According the Freud, personality solidifies before age

5 years

At what age is the latency stage of psychosexual development?

5 years - puberty

Hypomania

A bipolar disorder which involves manic episodes, but not to the severity that would impair functioning.

Efficiency (Administration and Supervision)

A measure of the needed resources to accomplish a goal; the ideal is to get maximum results with a minimum of resources

Disulfiram

Blocks the liver enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) preventing the metabolism of acetaldehyde, in turn causing a "flushing response" when a patient drinks alcohol.

Enmeshment

Blur boundaries where family subsystems are lost, resulting in loss of autonomy.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

An extensive lack of caring and trampling upon the rights of others that has been evident from the age of 15 in an adult age 18 or older. The DSM-IV describes such behaviors as nonconformance to the law, repeated lying, impulsivity, aggressiveness, no regard for safety, lack of remorse and continual irresponsibility.

Functions of the Executive Director

Budgeting, coordinating, directing, evaluating, organizing, planning, reporting, staffing

This intervention approach deals with problems or issues within the community.

Horizontal

An inclusive twenty-first-century definition of family

An inclusive twenty-first-century definition of family must go beyond traditional thinking to include people who choose to spend their lives together in a kinship relationship despite the lack of legal sanctions or blood lines (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2008).

Projective Identification

An individual perceives others behaviors as part of their own identity

Refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, a disturbance in body image, or the intense fear of gaining weight is known as?

Anorexia Nervosa

According to Social Learning Theory, a Behavior can be changed by manipulating & alerting the ________ & ________.

Antecedent & Consequence

The Environmental event that occurs before the target behavior is called?

Antecedent Event

Xanax

Anti-anxiety (alprazolam)

Klonipin

Anti-anxiety (clonazepam)

Valium

Anti-anxiety (diazepam)

Ativan

Anti-anxiety (lorazepam)

Delusional Disorders

Defense: Paranoid - Projection Erotomania - Projection Gradeur - Reaction formation, Omnipotence Somatic - Regression

life review

Butler's term for a normal and universal period of purposeful reminiscence prompted by impending death; the life review may enable the person to integrate life experiences into a meaningful whole, leading to resolution of conflict and acceptance.

teratogens

Any agents that may cross the placental barrier from mother to embryo/fetus causing abnormalities. Possible teratogens include maternal diseases, diet, drug use (including alcohol and nicotine), exposure to x-rays, and other environmental influences. Fetus normally not affected during first or third trimester. Second trimester is critical period for prenatal development.

Dissociative Disorder

Defense: Repression, Dissociation

...

Codependency is being overly concerned with the problems of another to the detriment of attending to one's own wants and needs (Codependents Anonymous, 1998).

Superego

Around six years. Morality principle; personal conscience; personal ideals

Drugs to treat side effects of antipsychotics

Cogentin, Benadryl, Artane

4.08

Acknowledging Credit (a) Social workers should take responsibility and credit, including authorship credit, only for work they have actually performed and to which they have contributed. (b) Social workers should honestly acknowledge the work of and the contributions made by others.

Mediation

Acting as a go-between for opposing individuals or groups for the purpose of reaching agreement or compromise that is acceptable to both parties.

Action and Operation

Action is overt behavior Operation particular kind of action which may be internalized thought

Naltrexone

Acts as an opioid receptor antagonist thought to blunt the reinforcing effects of alcohol. Thought to improve abstinence and to prevent a drinking episode from becoming a full-fledged relapse into heavy drinking. Recommended to be combined with behavioral treatment. Also has mild side effects like nausea. Available orally (Revia) and through injection (Vivitrol).

Heinz Harman

Adaoptation of other concepts: ego psych and the problem of adaptation; important contributions to psychoanalytic theory

Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should _____ their practice skills to _____ a client's culture

Adapt & Accommodate

kelly's constructive alternativism

Adaptability Ability to create/modify/discard constructs

Major Drug Classes

Agonists, Partial Agonists, Antagonists

Sobriety and Trauma

Assisting clients in achieving abstinence builds a platform upon which recovery from traumatic stress can proceed.

Oral Stage

Birth to 1 and 1/2 years Mouth and upper digestive tract are channels of gratification

Social Learn Theory was developed by Albert ______.

Bandura

This phase of an N=1 study is where a target problem/behavior is defined as?

Baseline Phase

Intellectualization

By dealing with a stressful situation in an intellectual and unemotional manner, a person detaches him- or herself from the stress

Ethnographic Theory

By virtue of group membership, people are more like those they share group membership with than those they do not share group membership with, group differences.

The unconscious, irrational processes to protect the Ego & minimize pain, anxiety, or discomfort by distorting, hiding, or denying reality is called?

Defense Mechanisms

Pairs of genes

D-D D-R R-R

Evolutionary theory

Darwin's theory of evolution. Ethology and evolutionary psychology are theoretical perspectives that grew out of it.

Pharmacotherapy

Deciding whether patients should receive it due to potential prevention through vaccines.

Prosopagnosia

Decline and inability to recognize faces

Male climacteric

Decreasing amounts of testosterone, but is more gradual, less obvious process compared to the female. Some men may never lose their reproductive capacity.

Anna Freud

Defense Mechanisms

Phobia

Defense: Displacement, Symbolization, Avoidance

Formed Groups

Developed to support mutually agreed upon purposes. Detect need for group services. Identify common needs. Undertand behavior related to purpose. Screen, assess, and prepare members. Determine interest and stake in group. Voluntary and non-volunary have different requirements.

All immediate family members do not to associate with a certain distant relative except for one child, who is then berated for this behavior, this is an example of

Emotional Fusion

Asian/Pacific Islander manifestation of problems

Emotional problems are expressed through physical complaints; tend to come to treatment with somatic concerns. Regard professional as person who has expert advice to solve a problem. May use a combination of traditional and Western medicine.

Late Adulthood

Erikson: Ego Integrity vs. Despair 65+ years

John Watson

Extended work of Pavlov by studying classical conditioning of emotional responses and children

Black et al

Family study: first degree more likely to suffer gambling addiction.

Integrated Eclectic Model

Gerald Corey Medical-clinical, psychoanalytic, alderian, psychodrama, existential, person centered, gestalt, transactional analysis, behavior therapy, rational emotive, and reality therapy. develop a consistent framework from theories. encourages use o f multiple techniques including muticultural counseling to help recognize impact of culture and make decisions about what facets of life they want to change.

This theoretical approach helps the client become aware of their behaviors, recognize, use & expand on other behaviors, & take responsibility for such behaviors is known as?

Gestalt Theory

Skinner's positive reinforcement

Get a desired reward. Ex: getting a sucker for being good

Oedipal Complex

Girls - Rpression of desire for father, identification with mother, and internalize values of mother.

Group Process

Give and take adjustments make in presence of others. Process are unfolding, changing, progressing, adapting. Group structures and properties are often changed and modified. Communication process, power and influence, leadership, group norms and values, group emotion, group deliveration and problem solving.

Trait Theorists

Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck

Ego Psychology was developed by and focuses on?

Heinz Hartman & Adaptation

Implementation

Help group to recognize and become aware of mode of decision making and alternatives. Deal with dysfunction ritual, assurance of right to decide, sense of supporting individual expression of feeling and position, raising questions that challenge procedures, support search for realistic alterantives and consequences, support rational base for decision making, supply facts, knowledge, options when appropriate for clarification, reinterpret and clarify usefulness of experiences in decision making.

- could be a child, wife or the family member

Hero (caretaker)*

African American punishment and suffering

High tolerance for suffering. Physical punishment is an accepted means of disciplining children. Women are viewed as being 'all sacrificing' and the 'strength of the family'.

African American religion

High value placed on religion, education and work.

Rotter's internal Locus of Control

Highly supportive parents Positive reinforcements for achievements Consistent disciplines practices

Gestalt Theory focuses on the _______ ______ of human experience in the _____ & ______.

Holistic Nature, Here & Now

This Systems Theory concept is described as the tendency of a system to seek restoration and maintenance of stability.

Homeostatic Balance

Rotter's external Locus of Control

Homes w/out adult male models Number of siblings Depressed mothers with little education and income

Needs of client

Hope, courage, motivation, trust, personality type, self-expression, accepted, collaborative, and timed with client's pace.

Receptive Aphasia

Inability to understand what someone is saying

1.03 e.

If services are via electronic media, social worker must inform client of limitations and risks associated with such services.

Sentence Completion is this type of questioning?

Indirect Questioning

ICD-9

International Classification of Diseases (used in the DRG system)

Kelly's view on when personality is set

It is shaped over the lifespan.

Psychodrama

J. Moreno Spontaneous drama technique to facilitate release of pent up feelings, provide insight, catharsis that help participants develop new and effective behaviors. Instrumets used: Stage, patient or protagonist, director, therapist, staff or auxilary egos, and audience. warm-up begins process, and use variety of techniques, self-presentations, interviews, interaction in role of self and others, soliloqueies, role reversal, doubling techniques, auxilary egos, mirroring, multiple doubles, life rehersals, and exercises.

Sociometry

JL Moreno - general theory of human relations and practice techniques (psychodrama, sociodrama, role playing), with sociometric tests devised to measure what might be called affectivity factor in groups. Interpersonal attraction that exists in groups is powerful force in rallying group members, creating a feeling of belong, making group sensitve to needs.

Strategic Family Therapy

Jay Haley and Chloe Madanes - What function does the symptom serve? Is there a system for continuing the symptom? Emphasis is on parental power and hierarchial family relationships. Focus on the role of symptoms as a feature of the family organization. Helplessness, incompetence, and illness provide power positions in family.

individuation

Jung's term for a process of self-discovery and self-development, marked by increasing introspection and the integration of polarities within the self, which begins about age 40.

Model of addiction: social

Key features: 1. addiction is contributed to FAMILIAL, PEER AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES 2. drug use/abuse is a LEARNED BEHAVIOR 3. client examination must be completed in relation to his or her surrounding environment Limitations: 1. counseling process more convoluted as spouses, partners and family members added to therapy session 2. due to cultural influence, the social model may promote cultural stereotypes and lack of personal responsibility

Model of addiction: Moral

Key features: 1. addiction is the result of HUMAN WEAKNESS OR DEFECT IN CHARACTER 2. addiction characterized as SINFUL 3. SPIRITUAL INTERVENTIONS (often neglected tool in therapy) 4. addiction is the result of POOR CHOICES which addicts make because of a LACK OF WILL POWER OR MORAL STRENGTH Limitations: 1. moral based theory contributes to stigma of addiction, guilt, shame and blame associated with addiction, which may discourage seeking treatment 2. minimizes complex nature of addiction and may lead to oversimplification of treatment approach

The theory of Moral Development was developed by Lawrence ____.

Kohlberg

Ecological or Life Model

Life transitions, envionmental pressures, and the maladaptive fit between the individual, family, and the larger enviornment. Viewing the interaction and interdependence of people and their enviornment. Ecology, Systems Theory, Stress, coping, and adaptation theory, Psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive theory, and Interaction and Interdependance of people and enviornment.

In the formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should be able to express the ____ of their knowledge about the client's cultural values & beliefs.

Limits

Aphasia

Loss of ability to understand or express speech

fantasy/or has addiction themselves

Lost child

Emotional responses at birth

Love, anger, and fear

Longitudinal research design

Measures changes on a variable of interest in the same group of participants at several points in their lives. One weakness is that it is time consuming and expensive to carry out. In addition, subject mortality (subject drop out) is a problem and may bias results.

This average is where 50% of the scores fall above & 50% fall below a central value.

Median

This program was established under the Social Security Act & provides for medical assistance for individuals/families w/ low incomes & resources.

Medicaid

COMBINE Platforms

Medication Management and Combine Behavioral Intervention. Recommends medications be combined with behavioral treatments (i.e. AA meetings). Especially important in addressing psychiatric comorbidity (i.e. Depression)

Simple Denial

Members forget ending, act suprised feel tricked

Mental Status Exam

Mental Status Exam Mild Retardation Minor Tranquilizers Mobilizer Role Mode Evaluation of one's orientation in time, space and perception. Questions are asked about who one is, where one is and what day is it. Affect is also evaluated.

Types of twins

Monozygotic (identical twins) and dizygotic (fraternal twins)

Maj Dep, Manic, Mixed or Hypomanic Episodes are all associated with which D/O?

Mood Disorders

Tegretol

Mood Stabilizer (carbamezepine)

Depakote

Mood Stabilizer (divalproex sodium) an anti cunvulsant

Lamictal

Mood Stabilizer (lamotrigine)

Lithobid

Mood Stabilizer (lithium, lithium carbonate)

Topamax

Mood Stabilizer (topiramate)

Geodon

Mood Stabilizer (ziprasidone)

Etiological (Causal) Theories Explored

Moral Model Physiological Theory Psychological Theory Environmental Influence Theory Biopsychosocialspiritual Approach Integration of Theories

Borderline

One of the Personality disorders. The Borderline Personality manifests instability inn mood and interpersonal relationships. Impulsive behavior, anger, feelings of emptiness are common aspects of this disorder.

Co-occurring disorders

One or more disorder that results in substance abuse and any other mental health disorder.

Erik Ericson

Pscyho-social stages of development Epigenetic Principle: Develops after passing thro 8 stages. Unique combination of needs nad vulnerabilites. Focus on growth and culminates an encounter or crisis, leading to vital human quality. Impact of braoder enviornment, society, and culture on development

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytic Theory Dynamic, motivational theory based on drive

The Four Major Schools of Personality Theory

Psychoanalytic, Behaviorists, Humanistic, Trait

Stressors in late adulthood

Psychological -Awareness of mortality -Changes in cognitive functioning -Bereavement: Deprived from love one dying, etc Social -Changes in residence -Children leaving home -LOSS of support group -DECREASED income -Retirement

Treatment

Psychopharmagology (viagra) Psychotherapy: Sex Therapy; Behavioral Tech

Freud vs Erikson

Psychosexual vs Psychosocial

Axis III lists?

Psychosocial Factors that affect diagnosis & treatment

Axis IV

Psychosocial and environmental problems

Adderall

Psychostimulant (amphetamine)

Focalin

Psychostimulant (dexmethylphenidate)

Dexidrine

Psychostimulant (dextroamphetamine)

Vyvanse

Psychostimulant (lisdexafetamine dimesylate)

Concerta

Psychostimulant (methlphenidate)

Schizoaffective Disorder

Psychotic concurrent with Major Depressive Disorder, Manic Episode, Mixed Episode. Treatment same as Schizophrenia

Antidepressant

Psychotropic drugs used to relieve the symptoms of depression; examples include Prozac, Elavil, Tofranil, Sinequan, and Marplan

Genital

Puberty onward. Genitals. Establishing intimate, sexual relations with others is main focus.

Biopsychosocialspiritual Approach

Realization of the importance of a holistic approach. Necessary to realize the reciprocal relationship that one's past and present have on the development and maintenance of an addictive disorder. Excessive drug/alcohol use impacts the body, the mind, one's social networks and the spirit detrimentally. Each of these aspects of the client, though distinct, is in dynamic contact with every other, affecting and being affected constantly

Effectiveness (Administration and Supervision)

Referring to how well an agency or program accomplishes it goals

2.01 a & b.

Respect (a) Social workers should treat colleagues with respect and should represent accurately and fairly the qualifications, views, and obligations of colleagues. (b) Social workers should avoid unwarranted negative criticism of colleagues in communications with clients or with other professionals

Seven Stages of Crisis Intervention Model

Roberts (1991) 1. Conduct biopsychosocial and imminent danger assessment. 2. Rapidly establish rapport 3. Identify major problems or crisis precipitants 4. Deal with the client's feelings and emotions 5. Generate and explore alternatives and new copign strategies 6. Restore functioning through implementation of an action plan 7. Plan a follow-up time to meet with the client

Serenity Prayer

Role in religiosity and spirituality is common for AA activity

Ecological perspective

Rooted in systems theory, coping a process reflecting PIE relationship

Native American/Alaskan Native respect for elders

Show respect for elders who are culture bearers that hand down traditions, legends, history. Tradition of oral storytelling.

Client is an Adolescent and Lives with Family of Origin

Siblings may be ignored or their needs may be minimized Siblings of the adolescent abuser will need counseling and can assist in the healing process.

Can be a role in addiction -draws attention from addict (somatic anxiety)

Sick child

The Eco-Systems or Life Model focuses on the relationship between living organisms and their _______ and _______ environment.

Social & Physical

Cross-sectional strengths and weaknesses

Strengths: Data show differences between different-aged people at one point in time. Relatively quick and inexpensive. Weaknesses: cannot show changes that occur with age. Findings may be subject to birth cohort effects.

Longitudinal strengths and weaknesses

Strengths: Data show how a sample of people change as they age. Weaknesses: time-consuming and expensive. May not be able to generalize the findings to other birth cohorts. May have a problem of subject drop-out.

Passing

The ability to be given "cis privilege," such as using the bathroom of your preferred gender without people questioning your sex

Interobserver reliability

The amount of agreement between two or more observers who simultaneously observed the same event

...

The annual expenditures on health care costs include services such as detoxification, rehabilitation, prevention, training providers, and research expenditures.

Reciprocal determinism

The child influences the people and the environments as much as those people and environments influence the child.

One of the main ingredients of intentionality is learning to recognize:

The client's worldview and culture Take a walk in your client's shoes Seek to understand them before you "fit them to your plan"

Myelination

The coating of the part of the neuron called the axon with fatty material. It speeds up transmission of neural messages.

Purpose #3

The code is designed to help social workers identify relevant considerations when professional obligations conflict or ethical uncertainties arise.

Purpose #4

The code provides ethical standards to which the general public can hold the social work profession accountable.

Moratorium

The crisis period with commitment rather vague; he is distinguished from the identity-diffusion subject by the appearance of an active struggle to make commitments; Cr- Yes Co-No; Marcia

Freud's Death Drive

The desire for the final end shows up in human personality as destructiveness and aggression

Disengaged Family

The disengaged family contains individuals who have developed extremely rigid boundaries that promote isolation and minimal interaction within the family.

Enmeshed Family

The enmeshed family involves a lack of individual differentiation between family members. Dependence and rigid family roles are the norm. Resistance to change and outside intervention is quite common to this type of family.

Menarche

The first menstrual cycle

Enabler Role

The function of the social worker in which the client is helped to cope with situational or transitional stress.

Counter-transference

This concept refers to the reassigning of feelings felt in the past by a therapist or social worker toward a client. It is identical to transference with the exception being that the therapist is transferring his/her feelings or wishes to the client rather than the client doing the transferring.

Recovery

This term denotes a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness.

Decreased LOC that leads to coma Decreased respirations leads to arrest Bradycardia leads to shock* leads to respiratory depression...death GI atony--constipation

Toxic level of opiates/narcotics

Gordon Allport

Trait theorist that emphasized the positive, rational, and conscious reasons why we act

Transgender

Trans= OPPOSITE -Gender identity does NOT match with that assigned for their physical sex. -Includes, transsexuals, genderqueer people, and crossdressers. -Refers to anyone whose behavior or identity falls outside of stereotypical expectations for their gender. -Transgender people may identify as straight, gay, bisexual, or some other sexual orientation.

The Termination phase begins once the _____ goals have been met.

Treament

Couples & Family

Treat addicted individuals in the context of family and social systems in which substance use may develop or be maintained.

Medical Model

Treating people with mental disorders or problems as if their disorders' etiologies are organically based and can be treated in a manner similar to treating a disease. Less attention is given to elements of the patient's environment, and the emphasis is on labeling and treating with drugs.

Conjoint Family Therapy

Treating the family as a unit, CMT approaches the family together, and the therapist or treatment team meet in sessions attended simultaneously by as many members of the unit as is possible.

Biofeedback

Using mechanical monitoring of certain internal physiological processes (i.e. blood pressure, brain waves activity, muscle tension, heart rate, galvanic skin response, etc.), feedback is given to the individual helping him/her to control these normally unreachable processes.

Asian/Pacific Islander usually seek help from

Usually seek help from the family or cultural community. A mental health problem in a family member usually means a family is less acceptable and is less likely to arrange good marriages for their children.

CM Implementation

Utilized in context of treatment programs, not well-suited for outpatient practice.

antagonist is Romazicon. Watch for withdrawal (same S/S as alcohol)

Valium and Versed-OD treatment

They live in extended families and they are more communalistic in nature.

With regards to Brofenbrenner's theory on ecology, in Dr. Garcia-Coll's opinion, what makes interaction in the ecological system different for people of color?

Differentiated participation

Worker is responsible for delineating aspects of participation at each phase of the process.

Consolidation

a distinct process that serves to maintain, strengthen & modify memories that are already stored in the long-term memory; Once memories undergo this process & become part of long-term memory, they are thought of as stable.

Bandura's Reciprocal determinism

a model composed of three factors that influence behavior: the environment, the individual, and the behavior itself.

Genogram

a pictorial representation of a family showing interactions such as sociological relationships and events, bloodlines and other relevant psychological attachments. It extends over at least three generations.

Karen Horney

stressed the importance of the basic anxiety and resentment felt by children

Co-alcoholic or spouse that perpetuates the drinking pattern, one who denies the disease or believes they are coping with the family problems

enabler

Experiences feeling of helplessness and worthlessness Plays many roles-protector, rescuer, controller, blamer

enabler

They cover up to spare consequences

enabler

Capitation

an established value of money per person relating to how much is available for services provided

Erich Fromm

believed personality is to a considerable extent a reflection of factors such as social class, minority status, education, vocation, religious and philosophical background.

Alfred Adler

believed that everyone struggles with inferiority

Carl Rogers

believed that many personal conflicts arise because what we value in ourselves conflicts with what we learn from others

Functional autonomy

changing motivations) - A behavior once controlled by a basic motive (money) changes to one controlled by a "higher" motive ///As persons mature their bonds with the pastor broken. Mature individuals no longer depend on parents, nor do they need to use defensive tactics to protect their self-esteem from attacks by others. Dr. Richmond's example-a teacher who begins teaching for the money but then continues teaching because he loves teaching.

Synchronicity

coincidences in which patients receive information about themselves in extra-sensorial ways (dreams) that is not generally accessible

Inferiority Complex

developed by people who continually try to cover up and avoid feeling of inadequacy

hero child *

excessively good child sets unrealistic goals for herself, obedient, responsible

1.07 j.

j. Social workers should protect the confidentiality of clients during legal proceedings to the extent permitted by law.

dominant gene

stronger, more powerful of the two types.

Alchemy

symbolic representation of the individuation process

fantasy

symbolically satisfying needs through grandiose story so they don't have to accept reality

ICU-1:1 close to nurses station, Pvt, well lit room and quiet to decrease stimulus, no family, Consistent reality orientation, Restraints, EKG and regular VS

nursing interventions to keep pt safe during withdrawal

Repression

pushing anxious thought or urge out of consciousness into the unconsciousness

1.07 q.

q. Social workers should not disclose identifying information when discussing clients with consultants unless the client has consented to disclosure or there is a compelling need.

When is a group especially vulnerable to groupthink?

when the group members come from a similar background, are insulated from outside opinion, and there are no clear rules for decision making.

What should the nurse ask an intoxicated individual and when should she begin assessing for withdrawal s/s

when was your last drink? 4 hours

2nd stage of denial

yes, i'm an addict, but I can handle it myself

OCD

Defense: Isolation of affect (ignore others feelings) Undoing (washing) Reaction formation Regression

The infant's attention shifts from being inwardly focused to outwardly focused is which substage?

Differentiation

This practice framework views the individual in the context of & their behaviors as adaptations to the environment as?

Ecosystems Framework

In the case of a HIV client who is engaging in unprotected sex the SW's 1st responsibility is to?

Educate the client on the risks to self & others associated with HIV & promote self-determination.

3.02

Education and Training (a) Social workers who function as educators, field instructors for students, or trainers should provide instruction only within their areas of knowledge and competence and should provide instruction based on the most current information and knowledge available in the profession. (b) Social workers who function as educators or field instructors for students should evaluate students' performance in a manner that is fair and respectful. (c) Social workers who function as educators or field instructors for students should take reasonable steps to ensure that clients are routinely informed when services are being provided by students. (d) Social workers who function as educators or field instructors for students should not engage in any dual or multiple relationships with students in which there is a risk of exploitation or potential harm to the student.

The unconscious sexual attraction that a girl has for her father because she is aware of not having a penis & thus feels inferior & blames her mother is called?

Electra Complex

This practice framework requires the SW to be attentive & sensitive to a client's culture, ethnicity & religion.

Ethnic-Sensitive Framework

Etiology

Etiology Existential Theory Extinction Erickson viewed man as being born with all of his psychosocial developmental stages in latent form and that they developed in a set order brought about by psychosocial pressure caused by physiological development and societal input. They were not static and could be altered by subsequent input. The causative factors underlying a problem or disorder.

5.02 a - d.

Evaluation and Research (a) Social workers should monitor and evaluate policies, the implementation of programs, and practice interventions. (b) Social workers should promote and facilitate evaluation and research to contribute to the development of knowledge. (c) Social workers should critically examine and keep current with emerging knowledge relevant to social work and fully use evaluation and research evidence in their professional practice. (d) Social workers engaged in evaluation or research should carefully consider possible consequences and should follow guidelines developed for the protection of evaluation and research participants.

acamprosate

...

antianxiety

...

Theories THEORY'S IMPLICATIONS FOR THERAPY

....Allport takes what is basically a "humanistic" approach to therapy. A warm, accepting environment in which the person can grow. people with problems - have been stifled in their growth, they have taken society's demands too seriously....

Oral

0-1, mouth. Stimulation of mouth produces pleasure; infant it enjoys sucking, biting, chewing. Weaning is a major task or conflict

At what age is the oral stage of psychosexual development?

0-12 months

Sensorimotor

0-2 years

Anal Stage

1 1/2 to 3 years Child gains control over anal spincter and bowel movements

Schizopherniform D/O is similar Schizophrenia but symptoms for at least ____ but less than ____ mos.

1 month & 6 months

Development norms

1 month - while prone (on stomach), can lift head 2 months - while prone, can hold chest up. Can roll from side to back. 3 months - can roll over. will reach for objects. 6-7 months - sits without support. stands holding on to object 8-10 months - crawls 8-12 months - pulls self up to stand 11-12 months - "cruises" - walks by holding on to objects 12-18 months - walks alone

Bandura's 4 mechanisms govern observational learning

1) Attentional process-act of perceiving or watching something and learning from it 2) Retention process 3) Production process-steps to create object 4) Incentive and motivational process

Bandura's 3 factors influence modeling

1) Characteristics of the models-identify with them 2) Characteristics of the observers 3) Reward consequences associated with behaviors -worth it or not

Dysfunctional response to ending?

1) Cling to worker for protection from feelings 2) Resists reworking old problems if they reappear 3) Introduce new problems 4) Finding new relationships to deal with pain of ending relationship. 5) Defensive reactions

The 4 Types of Social Service Delivery Systems are?

1) Employer Funded 2) Gov't Funded 3) Personal (Charitable) Contrib. 4) Publically Funded

Communication Disorder

1) Espressive or receptive language 2) Phological (articulation) or stuttering

There 3 types of Outcome Evaluations are?

1) Experimental Eval-Utilizes experimental & quasi-exp designs. 2) Performance Audits-3rd party, indep evaluator review 3) Decision-oriented-is a review of individual components of a prog

Workers role in termination

1) Give adequate time (4 to 8 sessions for long-term) 2) Inform if premature ending 3) Concious of countertransference attitudes 4) Remain sensitive, observant, empathic, and responsive 5) Encourage dealing with ending relationship 6) Encourage belief in self 7) Present possibility of future contact if needed

System Analysis and Interactional Theory

1) Helps in understanding small groups. Groups are living systems consisting of interacting elements functioning as a whole in exchange with enviorning systems. 2) Social system can be described as a structure of relationships, or patterened interactions. System concepts help maintain focus on group as a whole, explain how group and sub-parts functionally relate to larger enviornment. Describes how interaction affects: role, group emotions, power, and values.

3 ideas and concepts apply to group process

1) Ideas pertaining to change, motion, movement and development 2) ideas pertaining to intergroup relationship 3) Dynamics within enviornments

Group Development 3

1) Linear stage models - gradual succession of stages 2) re-current themes model - repetitive themes or cycles 3) combination of the two

Treatment of Anxiety

1) Medication (short acting anti-anxiety, antidepressants for longer term, Social Phobia and OCD) 2) Psychotherapy (supportive, cognative, systematic desensitization, DBT, EMDR (PTSD). 3) Group therapy 4) Inpatient hopsital

Differential Diagnosis

1) Paranoid PD - may be paranoid ideation, jealousy, but no delusions or hallucations 2) Dementia, medical conditions, substance disorder can cause psychotic symptoms 3) Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar, Personality Disorder, Schizotypal PD - less transient psychotic features

Group objectives

1) Professionally lead groups are use of worker's talents, profession, skills and knowledge. 2) Groups are primary resource for group members. Harness power of group experience to help achieve stated goals. Encourage members to develop use own resources along with agency and wider community. 3) Resources for community, agency, and professional assoc. are important sources for support in providing direction, purposes and sanction, and human and material resources.

Funding of Gov't Social Welfare Prog's are achieved thru one of two types of Taxes?

1) Progressive - or taxes levied against a person's income & as it goes up so does the tax. 2) Regressive - or tax that is acquired via sales taxes or social security & typically more of a burden to the poor

Treating Dissociative Disorders

1) Psychotherapy with goals of working through unconscious conflict and recovering memories of trauma.

Disorders of Infancy

1) Seperation Anxiety Disorder: Distress when seperated from major attachment figure. 2) RAD: Lack of attachment or superficial attachments 3) Selective Mutism: Not speaking in social situations though having ability to communicate 4) Stereotype/Movement Disorder: repetitive, driven motor behavior

Individualizing

1) Social workers must be prepared to help individual members gain from experiences in and thro the group 2) Final analysis, measure of success of any group experience is determined by hwat happens to group members, and how they influenced by the process, and not on how the group functions as entity.

Factors that impact client's ending.

1) involvement in treatment 2) Success and Satisfaction 3) Earlier losses 4) Mastery of early life Separation - Individualization stage of development 5) Reason for ending 6) Timing 7) Transfering? If so, formulate ideas about the focus and goals for next treatment.

3 components to self

1. Ego 2. Personal unconscious 3. Collective unconscious

Formal Operations

11 through maturity

Attribute

A basic research concept involving a characteristic or distinction such as age or race

Group Therapy

A model where group members help, and are helped by others. The members have similar problems, gain validation, and test new identities and roles.

Skinner's positive punishment

Adding aversive behavior to situation. Ex: slapping hand when acting bad

Behavior Modification

Assumptions in practice: Carefully defined and inventory prepared Problematic behaviors subject to same continencies as normal behavior. Motivation is irrelevant to intervention. Behavior therapist foucs on behavior, not attitudes or pre-existing or historical fconflicts Shape behavior Symptoms are behaviors labeled as deviant or problematic Psychiatric Illness - no presumptions Problem behaviors respond to same stimuli as normal behaviors are learned. Modification thorugh process of relearning

Id

At birth. Pleasure principle; unconscious instincts; irrational; seeks instant gratification; contains libido

Dllard, Miller, Sears

Attempt to fuse learning theory and psychoanalytica theory

Sensitivity

Be aware of difficulty of and the fears about getting involved in the program.

Operant conditioning (or instrumental conditioning)

Behavior is shaped by rewarding or punishing consequences that follow

Trust vs. Mistrust

Birth to 1 1/2 Develop sense of trust in self and others Impairment - strong mistrust develops later and exhibits a withdrawal when at odds with self and others

Pituitary gland

Called the master gland because it causes other glands to secrete hormones. Stimulates physical growth and development

Autoplastic Behavior

Change self, changing one's position in the world

Activity in development

Child is not passive subject, but contributes to construction of personality and universe. Child acts on enviorn, modifies it, and is an active participant in construction of reality.

Miscarried expression of anger -

Children of parents who resent their emotionally deprived home and are afraid to express their outrage use drug abuse as one way to manage their repressed anger.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Chronic, fluctuating mood with many hypomanic and depressive symptoms, not as severe as Bipolar 1 and 2

Ethical Standard 1.01

Commitment to Clients

Contracting and goal setting

Compatible with social work practice, not limited, but part of the social work process. Helpful in facilitating client's activity in problem solving, maintaing focus, and continuing in therapy. An agreement b/w the worker and client in targeting problems, goals and starategies of social work intervention, and differentiating roles and tasks of the client and worker.

Bujarski Results

Complete abstinence was associated with best outcomes, followed by conditional abstinence. Controlled drinking was associated with poorest outcomes. Those with CBI performed better than MM alone when goal was not complete abstinence.

Native American/Alaskan Native family

Complex family organizations that include relatives without blood ties; strong kinship bonds. Multigenerational, extended families. Bonding with several parent figures, particularly grandparents. Group takes precedence over individual. Husband and wives show a tendency to communicate more with their gender group than with each other.

At this stage the child begins to use symbols logically and learn Conservation of Substance

Concrete Operational

Patterns of behavior that violate basic human rights, aggression toward people & animals, destruction of property, deceit or theft, running away, or truancy is?

Conduct disorder

1.06 a - d.

Conflicts of Interests a. Social workers should be alert to and vaoid conflicts of interest that interfer with the exercise of professional discretion and impartial judgment. b. Not take unfair advantage of any professional relationship or exploit others to further their interests. c. Not engage in dual or multiple relationships in which there is a danger of risk of exploitation or harm to the client. d. Clarify with which individuals are considered the client in multiple relationships and clarify professional obligations.

Hypothesis

Conjectural statement (prediction) of the relation between two or more variables

1.16 e.

(e) Social workers who anticipate the termination or interruption of services to clients should notify clients promptly and seek the transfer, referral, or continuation of services in relation to the clients' needs and preferences.

HIPAA only applies to covered entitles of:

-Healthcare Providers -Healthcare clearing houses -Health plans

U.S. Families (Current trends)

-Increased SINGLE parent families -Increased birth rate for mothers aged 35-44 (later births) -Increased both parents working full time -High divorce rate

Employment

-Job satisfaction becomes IMPORTANT -Unemployment has some very serious consequences: >Alcoholism >Violence >Suicide >Mental illness -If patient mentions loss of job, best time to screen for the consequences

Interviewing the elderly

-LISTEN >Allow time and space for them to share -Speak slowly and clearly >Sit face to face and make eye contact -One task at a time >Simplify information and summarize allowing for questions -Write down instructions and use visual aids -Mental Status, activities of daily living (ADLs), and social functioning important areas to cover

Federal Privacy Act of 1974 requires that agencies inform clients that:

-Personal information was being kept -They have a right to access & can request a copy of their records -That their records were only being used for the purpose for which it was intended

Joining

In family therapy, a therapist becomes a "member" of the family in order to facilitate correction of dysfunctional aspects of the family.

1.03 c.

In instances when clients lack capacity to provide informed consent, social workers should protect clients' interests by seeking permission from appropriate third party and informing client's consistent with the clients' level of understanding.

Two types of Social Services can be delivered of ________ (e.g., unemp benefits, Temp Aid for Needy Fam) or _______ (e.g., Food Stamps).

In-Cash & In-Kind

Anxious Attachment

Inconsistent and inappropriate caregivers, kids are drawn to caregivers but don't seem to trust her; Feel as if, I often wonder if my partner loves me, describe there important relationships involving jealousy, they viewed there parents as unpredictable and unfair

Oral

Infantile, demanding, dependant behavior, and preoccupation with oral gratification

NASW Code of Ethics defines this as the affirmative agreement by the client to undergo treatment after all potential risks, benefits, and associated costs have been disclose to the client.

Informed Consent

Ethical Standard 1.03 a.

Informed Consent a. use clear understandable language, risks related to servies limits of service, relevant costs, reasonable alternatives, right to refuse or withdraw consent, and time frame of consent.

Borderline PD

Instable relationships, mood, and self-image. Impulsive, unpredictable acting out, self-destructive. Chronic fear of being alone, dread feelings of emptiness. Transient paranoid or dissociative symptoms. Cluster B (Supportive counseling, boundaries, avoid splitting, help cl verbalize rather than act out feelings) Cluster B

Resilient mindset

Instead of seeing the "pathology" the therapist can shift toward seeing the client is adaptive and resilient. Normal reactions to abnormal situations.

Sustaining Process

Interest, sympathetic listening, directly convey acceptance, and reassurance. Promote logical discussion.

Beginning phase of group

Interventive Skills: Tune into needs, concerns, and experience in beginning with group. Use prior knowledge and experience so that readiness to receive members cues may be sublte and hard to detect. Engage to seek commitment. Assess ongoing needs and concerns, ambivelance and resistance, group process, emerge group strucutures, and patterns of interaction. Encourage participation, get concerns on table, help keep focus, reinforce rules, identify themes and focus, establish identity in relation to group, listen, support, and provide strcture. Suggest ongoing themes.

During this stage of group development members form bonds, feel closer to one another and begin to appreciate the similarities in their respective issues and problems.

Intimacy

This stage is from 20 to 35 years and involves the individual learning to build reciprocal relationships. Failing this stage the individual will feel isolated.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A 21 year old is looking for a partner, this is an example of which stage of psychosocial development?

Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood)

A defense mechanism by which an individual projects their hatred for another personal internally

Introjection

Identifying with some idea or object so deeply that is becomes part of that person?

Introjection

Refocusing of aggression or emotions evoked from an external force onto one's self is called?

Inversion

Inability to simultaneously experience the cognitive and affective components of a situation is called?

Isolation

Client Lives with Spouse (or partner) and Minor Children

Issues - children feel the guilt and responsibility. Trust is a constant struggle Neglect - either emotionally or physically or both However in direct contrast to the risks there is the positive outcome of resiliency for these children.

Adherence

Issues with developing medication due to consideration of long acting formulations.

Model of addiction: Disease/Medical

Key features: 1. addiction is a PROGRESSIVE ILLNESS, contributed to by neurotransmitter imbalance 2. GENETIC predisposition and ENVIRONMENTAL factors lead to increased risk of addiction 3. treatment focused on ridding brain of disease through ANTAGONIST medications (i.e. NALTREXONE) 4. ABSTINENCE is non-negotiable for recovery Limitations: 1. overlooks psychological variables 2. lack of empirical evidence of concept 3. treatment may be too simplistic

Model of addiction: Biopsychosocial

Key features: 1. addiction stems from a combination of many influential factors including BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL 2. most accounts for the onset of drug use Limitations: A complex combination of causes can all lead to a complicated process for evaluation and treatment planning

Operant conditioning

Key to addiction is reinforcement Positive- the high from drug use or winning in gambling Negative- stress relief for example smokers will often light up when stressed.

Kelly's Fixed Role Therapy

Kind of like acting. Take on role in real life. Object is to find construct and maybe fix them if need be.

technical generativity

Kotre's term for acts of generativity that involve the teaching of skills to younger individuals.

parental generativity

Kotre's term for generative acts involving the raising and guiding of children.

cultural generativity

Kotre's term for generative acts that pass on the value system and meanings of a culture to the next generation.

biological generativity

Kotre's term for the conception, delivery, and nursing of offspring.

The 5 Stages of Grief were developed by Elisabeth _____ - _____.

Kubler-Ross

Malingering is a diagnosis: True or False?

False

Characteristics of Families that are Central to Family Therapy (according to Brooks and Rice, 1997).

Families possess nonsummativity, which means that the family as a whole is greater than - and different from - the sum of its individual members.

This theoretical approach views the client as part of a system that includes subsystems & seeks to clarify roles & improve communication stemming from dysfunction or conflict within part of the system is know as?

Family (systems) Theory

Complementary family interaction

Family relationships in which members exhibit opposite behaviors that supply needs or lacks in the other.

Hippocrates

Father of medicine

Ejaculation

First time at age 13 and marks puberty for boys

Griffiths

Gamblers playing slot machines become addicted because of the physiological rewards (adrenaline) psychological rewards (e.g. Near miss) Social rewards (peer praise)

This practice framework allows the SW to be open to and use a variety of theories, models & methods of Tx and is considered the opposite of Specialization is known as?

Generalist Framework

This practice framework allows the SW to be open to and use a variety of theories, models and methods of treatment is?

Generalist Framework

Group development

Group process that influence progression of a group or subgroup over time. Involves changing structure, properties that alter quality of relationships as they achieve their goal.

Experimental group

Group that is exposed to the manipulation of the independent variable

Identity Achievement

Has experienced a crisis period and is committed to an occupation and ideology, has seriously considered several occupational choices and has made a decision on his own terms, even though his ultimate choice may be a variation of parental wishes; Cr-yes Co-yes; Marcia

Androgens

Hormones that control the development of sex organs as well as secondary sex characteristics

Kelly's Modulation Corollary

How much constructs can be adapted to new experiences. Differ in permeability-how much we allow new elements admittance to range of convenience.

1.03 d.

If receiving services involuntarily, social worker should provide information about the nature and extent of services and ab out the extent of clients' rights to refuse service.

Microsystem

Immediate environmental contexts the child experiences directly, like family.

Teen Contraceptive Use

In 2006-2010, 86% of female teens and 93% of male teens reported using contraceptives for last sexual encounter

1.16 b.

(b) Social workers should take reasonable steps to avoid abandoning clients who are still in need of services.

2.06 b & c.

(b) Social workers who refer clients to other professionals should take appropriate steps to facilitate an orderly transfer of responsibility. (c) Social workers are prohibited from giving or receiving payment for a referral when no professional service is provided by the referring social worker.

1.16 c.

(c) Social workers in feeforservice settings may terminate services to clients who are not paying an overdue balance if the financial contractual arrangements have been made clear to the client, if the client does not pose an imminent danger to self or others, and if the clinical and other consequences of the current nonpayment have been addressed and discussed with the client.

2.01 c.

(c) Social workers should cooperate with social work colleagues and with colleagues of other professions when such cooperation serves the wellbeing of clients.

5.02 e - h.

(e) Social workers engaged in evaluation or research should obtain voluntary and written informed consent from participants, when appropriate, without any implied or actual deprivation or penalty for refusal to participate; without undue inducement to participate; and with due regard for participants' wellbeing, privacy, and dignity. (f) When evaluation or research participants are incapable of giving informed consent, social workers should provide an appropriate explanation to the participants, obtain the participants' assent to the extent they are able, and obtain written consent from an appropriate proxy. (g) Social workers should never design or conduct evaluation or research that does not use consent procedures, such as certain forms of naturalistic observation and archival research, unless rigorous and responsible review of the research has found it to be justified because of its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value and unless equally effective alternative procedures that do not involve waiver of consent are not feasible. (h) Social workers should inform participants of their right to withdraw from evaluation and research at any time without penalty.

1.16 f.

(f) Social workers who are leaving an employment setting should inform clients of appropriate options for the continuation of services and of the benefits and risks of the options.

5.02 i - l.

(i) Social workers should take appropriate steps to ensure that participants in evaluation and research have access to appropriate supportive services. (j) Social workers engaged in evaluation or research should protect participants from unwarranted physical or mental distress, harm, danger, or deprivation. (k) Social workers engaged in the evaluation of services should discuss collected information only for professional purposes and only with people professionally concerned with this information. (l) Social workers engaged in evaluation or research should ensure the anonymity or confidentiality of participants and of the data obtained from them.

5.02 m - p.

(m) Social workers who report evaluation and research results should protect participants' confidentiality by omitting identifying information unless proper consent has been obtained authorizing disclosure. (n) Social workers should report evaluation and research findings accurately. (o) Social workers engaged in evaluation or research should be alert to and avoid conflicts of interest and dual relationships with participants, should inform participants when a real or potential conflict of interest arises, and should take steps to resolve the issue in a manner that makes participants' interests primary. (p) Social workers should educate themselves, their students, and their colleagues about responsible research practices.

Phase 2

*Arousal/Excitement* -Lasts several minutes to several hours -Erection/vaginal lubrication -Nipples hard (both sexes) -INCREASE in respiration, tachycardia up to 180 bpm -A rise in blood pressure.

Phase 1

*Desire* phase is distinct from other phases -Not solely result of physiology -Components = Drive (biological), Motivation (psychological), Wish (sociological) -Characterized by sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity

Physiological Model

*Genetic Sensitivity* - Addiction runs in families. 50% of alcoholics had fathers who were also alcoholics (Craig, 2004). Genetic sensitivity also suggests that individuals are genetically predisposed to have lowered responses to alcohol - thus more is needed to become inebriated. Evidence which contributes to the genetic s of addictive disorders has been found in twin and adoption studies. Identical twins share the same genetic material and research has shown that they are more likely than fraternal twins to share similar alcohol tendencies (Juhnke & Hagedorn). Several studies have also noted genetic influence on the development of addictive disorders by investigating the high incidence of alcoholism among adopted children.

Sexual Identity

*Sexual identity* refers to the pattern of a person's biological sexual characteristics: chromosomes (XX, XY), external genitalia, internal genitalia, hormonal composition, and secondary sex characteristics. *Intersexual disorders* refer to disorders that produce persons with gross anatomical or physiological aspects of the opposite sex. -A lesser offensive term is disorders of sex development Even better, *differences in sex development* Male, intersex, female

Investigating Addiction as A Family Disease

*The family disease can be defined as: A disease that affects all members of a family as a result of the substance abuse of one or more members and that creates negative changes in their own moods, behaviors, relationships with the family, and sometimes even physical or emotional health.

Addiction - A Working Definition # 2

- Addiction is an increasing desire for something with an accompanying decreasing ability to satisfy that desire. Addicts experience an existential emptiness. (always feels like something is missing) There is this vacuum or sand hole that can not be filled. The more they try to fill this whole the more difficult it is to do so.

Treatment plan development:

- Identify problems that need to be addressed. - The goals and objectives of the treatment process. - The resources to be applied. - The persons responsible for various actions. - The time frame within which certain activities should occur. - The expected benefits for the person who will participate in the treatment experience.

Axis II Lists?

- Mental Retardation - Developmental Disabilities - Personality Disorders

LGBT: Health Inequity

-Even with Affordable Care Act, 17.6% of LGBT adults remain uninsured. -Plans may not cover screening with high-resolution anoscopy (anus/rectum) or other beneficial medical treatments -Reparative/conversion therapies denounced by most medical associations-> Potentially harmful -Until recently, many invasive and damaging interventions done on children with DSD. >Hard to find expert care now for adults with DSD.

The Role of Physicians with Adolescents

-Half of adolescents age >12-16 want more information from their primary care providers but are FEARFUL of discussing the topic. -Only 1 in 4 teens have discussed their sexual history with a doctor or health care provider, including whether they are currently sexually ACTIVE AMA guidelines indicate: "All adolescents should receive health guidance annually regarding responsible sexual behaviors, including *abstinence*. Latex condoms to prevent STIs (including HIV) and appropriate methods of birth control should be made available with instructions on ways to use them effectively."

Sexually Transmitted Illnesses

-Half of all STIs occur in people age 15-24 years of age -1 in 5 adolescents will become infected with a sexually transmitted disease: >Rates for *chlamydia and gonorhea* are higher than for any other group. -Most common: *human papillomavirus (HPV)* >50% of sexually active individuals infected. >This virus may be insidious with few symptoms but may lead to *cervical cancer* in women. -*HPV Vaccination* PROTECTS against the three most common types of HPV and is recommended for 12 - 13 girls and boys prior to them becoming sexually active.

Sexual health (Interview)/ Partners

-I am going to ask you a few questions about your sexual health and sexual practices. -I understand that these questions are personal, but they are important for your overall health. -These questions are as important as the questions about other areas of your physical and mental health. -Do you have any questions before we get started? -Picture of partner questions

How will changing demographics impact your work as a physician?

-INCREASE in single parent families -INCREASE in number of women who are caretakers for both young children and aging parents. -The elderly as a new and FAST growing group

Aging Statistics

-In 1900 Average Life Expectancy= 48 -The elderly are a NEW GROUP -They are the LARGEST increasing age group -They will increase their numbers by 125% in 30 years -This cohort will require three times the nursing care facilities

Sexuality and Aging

-Interest does NOT necessarily decline -The more active the sex life, the more likely it will continue ("use it or lose it") -Best predictor of sexual activity is availability of a partner Women have difficulties with: Vaginal dryness and thinning Men have difficulties with -Longer to achieve erection -Control of ejaculation (delayed/accelerated) -Prolonged refractory period

LGBT: Mental Health

-LGB adults and youth have increase in *suicidal ideation and attempts* >Also INCREASE in depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. -LGB youth four times as likely as straight youth to have serious suicide attempt -LGB twice the exposure to *traumatic experiences* compared to straight

LGBT: Health

-LGB adults have 1.5 times the risk of ASTHMA -LGB adults > twice the risk for cardiovascular disease -Young GB men show significantly higher cardiovascular biomarkers -LGB become disabled at younger ages -LB 2-3 times the rates of becoming disabled -T more likely to be UNINSURED and to postpone medical care because uninsured or because of discrimination -20% of T have been denied care by a physician. >Rates INCREASE with racial diversity. -G have greater risk for ANAL cancer -LGBT higher lifetime risk of violence and maltreatment

LGBT: Substance Abuse

-LGBT has higher prevalence of nicotine use (compared with whole population) -LGBT youth more likely to report MISUSE of RX opioids and tranquilizers compared to straight youth -Bisexuals have twice the risk of smoking

What are the exceptions to the Federal Privacy Act of 1974?

-Need to Know -Legitimate Research -Legitimate Law-enforcement -Court order/subpoena -Emergency situations

Safe Sex and Health Risks (oral/anal sex)

-Partners (steady, multiple) -Condom use -Oral sex/Anal Sex: receiving, penetrating, both -Anilingus/rimming: Using tongue on anus -Sex toys -Other forms of anal penetration: fingering, fisting Lubricants Vaccinations (Hepatitis A and B) PreP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) and treatment for HIV and other STI's PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) Testing for: HIV, other STI's, rectal exam, rectal swap (rectal exam, PSA)

Biological Changes Associated with Aging

-REDUCED acuity of taste, smell, touch, etc -Yellowing of optic lens -DECREASED hardness of erection -DECREASED vaginal lubrication -Takes longer to learn new material -IQ remains stable until about age 80 -Verbal ability is maintained -Psychomotor speed DECLINES -Shifting attention is performed with difficulty -Encoding ability diminishes: May shake head as if understanding but may have no clue what was stated -Simple recall DECLINES -Recognition of right answer on multiple choice intact -Decreased *norepinephrine* -Decreased cerebral blood flow

vitamins

...

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

1 1/2 to 3 years (Freud's anal stage) Rapid growth in muscular maturation, verbalizing, coordination. Holding onto ssomething and letting go of it. Autonomous will, contributing to process of identity-building and development of courage to be independent individual. Psychiatric dangers of infantile obssessiveness, procrastionation, repition to gain power, self insistant stubborness, compulsive self restraint, meek compliance, fear of loss of control.

3 types of Participatory Program Evaluations are?

1) Action Research - eval is most often done by the individuals directly affected by the issue being studied 2) Cluster Evaluations - of multp interests at one time 3) Self-Evaluations - is where the prog staff conducts the eval.

Contracting (schwartz)

1) Agency stake and reaching for cleint's stake 2) Obtain consensus on group purposes 3) Elicit members perceptions; identify differences and commonalities regarding purposes; the worker and group identify what members are prepared to do together and how group plans to achieve goals 4) Make clear uncomplifcated statement of purpose; Describe workers own part in this as simply as possible; Reach for feedback; Help members do work needed to develop consensus about contract; Recognize manifest and latent, stated and unstated goals and hidden or unconscious motivations; Recontract as needed

Treatment of PD

1) Alleviate Symptoms, decrease social or emotional disability, deal with social need for symptom management 2) Psychotherapy promotes recognition of person's covert dependency and unexpressed fearfulness 3) Aware of countertransference is importnat b/c of treatment resistant and behaviors desplayed, mistrust, lack boundaries, lack recognition of worker as person 4) psychoactive medication

Treatment of Mood Disorders

1) Antidepressants for Major DD and Dysthymia; Antipsychotic for Mood; Mood stabalizers for Bipolar 1 and 2 and Cyclothymia. Constant administering and monitoring 2) Interpersonal/Psychodynamic 3) Behavioral Therapy 4) Cognitive 5) Group 6) Self-help Group

Relationships in groups

1) Importance of establishing meaningful, effective relationships cannot be overemphasized. Form multiple, changing relationships with group members, sub-groups, and groups as a whole. 2) workers related differentially to colleagues, agency rep's, relatives, friends and others who have a stake in group members experience.

ADHD

1) Inattentive or hyperacitve, impuslive types. Difficulty with staying focused, being distracted, fidgeting, driven. Lasts 6+months. Not seen as motivated by anger or spiteful.

Cognitive Consistency and balance Theory

1) Organize perceptions in ways that are consistant and comfortable. Beliefs and attitudes reflect coherent system w/in each of us that governs conscious process, maintains internal and psychosocial consistency. 2) Process, are balanced when they are consistent with beliefs and perceptions. Inconsistent causes imbalance, tension, and stress leading to changed perceptions and judgements, restoring consistency and balance. Groups are self-conscious to study own process, emphasize cognition that is apparent in contracting, building group consciousness, and pinpoint or eliminate obstacles and sharing data

Gestalt Orientation and Field Theory

1) Played a role in dvelopment of group dynamcis. Looked at experiences not as isolated elements, but organized and part of a field composed of a system of co-existing interdependent factors. 2) Produced concepts and variables that have been researched: goal formation, cohesion, grop identification and uniformity, mutual dependency, influences and power, cooperation and compeitition, and producitivty - Kurt Lewin influenced. 3) Group dynamics provide framework of defined and operationalized relevant group concepts.

6 stages of development

1) Preconventional or Primitive level 0 Concrete and framed from individual perspective. Following rules. Largely ego-centric, does not include concern for others. 2) Emphasis on moral reciprocity and focus on instrument, pragmatic value of action. Moreal standars b/c it is in interest to do so. Retaliation is a form of justice. Observing rules leads to others reciprocating. 3) Dfine what is right wiht reference to what is expected by those with a close relationship. Good mother. Virtuous is dfined thro trust and loyalty. 4) Narrow, local norms, and role expectations to larger social system perspective. Social responsability is important to observing laws. Higher level of abstraction in understaning significance of laws. Violate law when in conflict with social duties. 5) Post conventional level. Ethical reasoning is formed and understood in accordance with underlying rules and norms. Judgements are made based on conforming to basic fairness.

Influencing group process

1) Recognize, analyze, understand, and influence group process is essential. Not a collection of individuals, but a system of relationships formed thro associations with unique and changing quality and charachter. 2) Major processes include understanding group structures, value systems, group emotions, decision making, communication, and interaction, group development (group formation, movement, and termination)

Social Reinforcement and Exchanage Theory

1) Reinforcement concepts in small groups is visible in work of social exchange theorists members of groups are motivated to seek profit in interactions with others, maximizing and minimizing costs. 2) Interactions w/in groups can be analyzed in terms of exchanges or tradeoffs. Individual is primary unit of analysis. Core concepts, are the focus on learning association of stimulus-response based on principles of reinforcement - simply transferred to group situation and not suitable in understanding of group rpocess.

Skinner's 2 kinds of behavior

1) Respondent behavior (Classical Conditioning): A response elicited by a specific stimulus. Can be learned through conditioning. Ex: Pavlov's dogs 2) Operant conditioning (Operant Conditiong) - more important: An action, then feedback, results in reinforcement or punishment.

Group Formation Process

1) Setting goals (contracting) 2) determining membership 3) establish initial group structures and formats

Symbolic Interactionism

1) Social system analysis places emphasis on form, structures, functions, symbolic interactionism stress the symbolic nature of relationships with others and external world. 2) Group members play a role in determining own actions by recognizing symbols and interpreting meaning 3) Human action is carried out thro the process of defining and interpreting situations in which people act. How do individuals interact with others in their enviornment; How to understand the role of the individual as a primary resource in affecting change; significance of social relationships; import of self-concepts, identification, and role identities in group behavior; and meanings and symbols attributed to group interactions?

Linear Stage Models

1) Tuckman revealed the existance of gneral model consisting of five stages: Form, Storm, Norm, Perform, Adjorn 2) Boston Model - formation dveloped by Garland, Jones, Kolodny: consists of five stages Preaffiliation, Power and Control, Intimacy, Differentiation, and Seperation

Social Service Policies can be classified into three broad categories of?

1) Universal Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to all. 2) Selective Eligibility Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to only a select group of people who meet a certain predet. criteria. 3) Exceptional Eligibility Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to only a certain class (e.g., Veterans)

Contracting and working agreemens in groups

1) Unless members are involved in clarifying and setting personal and commong group goals, they cannot be expected to be active participants. 2) Agreements are not confined to worker-member relationships but must take into account others who have a stake in the process.

Programming

1) Use of program activities is essential 2) Activities, discussion topics, task-centered activities, exercises, games, are part of planned conscious process to address needs while achieving purposes and goals. 3) Programming does not entail search for unusual, esoteric or melodramatic. Builds on interests, abilites, group members and reflects the natural things people do together. 4) Skills in implementing programs include: Initiate and modify program plans to respond to group interest; self-direction and responsability; drawing creatively upon program resources in agency and enviornment; develop sequences of activities with specific long range objectives.

Presenting Problem

1) What are the concerns and problems? 2) How does the client describe the problems? 3) Can the client clearnly articulate what is disturbing? 4) What factors contribute to the problem? 5) What strengths are present? 6) Is the affect appropriate and expectations realistic? 7) What does the client wish to achieve? Does the agency have the appropriate services to meet needs? Should client remain with worker or be referred?

Group Properties

1) formal vs informal 2) primary groups (friendship, family) 3) secondary (task-centered) 4) open vs. closed 5) membership duration 6) autonomy 7) acceptance-rejection ties 8) social differentiation; degress of stratification 9) Morale, conformity, cohesion, contagion

Categorize Groups by:

1) quality of relationships 2) focus on common group goals 3) ability to influence group processes 4) individualize, externalize experiences to social enviornment 5) Creative use of activities and programs

Treatment of Schizophrenia

1)Psychopharmacology - Antipsychotic medication with consistant admin and monitorying (Tardive Dyskinesia - involuntary movement of the mouth, tongue, jaw, facial grimacing) 2) Individual Psychotherapy, Family, and Group therapy (Focus on realistic goals to maintain highest level of functioning, faciliate coping and self-acceptance, education and support to family, practical, supportive, develop social skills, sustain relationships. 3) Milieu Therapy - Hospital treatment involving staff, program, social strucutre, respite, and expect reasonable behavior 4) Social Netwrok Intervention - Housing, Income, Social Contacts, Education and vocational opportunities, Medical care 5) Self-help groups - Support and education

Anal

1-3, anus. Toilet training is a major test. Expelling and retaining theses feces produces pleasure.

Sexual Desire Disorder

Lack of desire for sex that causes distress or interpersonal problems

Psychosocial theory believe that all individuals have the capacity to ______ & ______ and to some degree change their _______ & ________ environment.

Learn, Adapt & Social, Phsycial

The underlying premise of Behavioral Theory is that all behaviors are _____ & can be _____.

Learned & Changed

Physiology

Looking at Neurochemistry - Addictive use of chemicals sets up predictable pathways in the brain. Research supports there are opioidergic pathways for continued substance and behavioral addictions (alcohol, heroin, food, and gambling) as a means to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Individuals with lower levels of monoamine oxidase (MAO - responsible for degeneration of neurotransmitters specifically serotonin and dopamine) tend to be more prone to use substances or behaviors to enhance the reward center of the brain. Brain chemistry can increase the likelihood that some will develop addictive disorders providing further evidence for the Disease/Medical model

Boundary maintenance

Maintain group identity and separateness

Bowel Family System Theory

Murray Bowen - 1) Thinking vs. Feeling (reactivity) in systems 2) Emotion triangles - 3 person systems seen as a small stable relationship system, formed when 2 people undergo tension. 3) Family issues reappear of generations. Projection occurs, where parents transmit emotional problems to the child. 4) Undifferentiated Family ego mass, family's lack of separateness, consisting of a cluser of egos in family as if they have a common ego boundary 5) Emotional cutoff, where person manages emotions by cutting off family members emotionally 6) Consideration of thoughts and feelings of each member, as well as understanding the family network.

Association

Obtain gratification thro association with helping another person

Pain Disorder

Occupied with pain causing impairment and caused by psychological factors

Chromosomal abnormalities

Occur if a child has inherited to few, too many, or abnormal chromosomes. Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, is caused by having three rather than two chromosomes at the 21st chromosome position. Turner syndrome occurs when a female is born with only one X chromosome (X0). Klinefelter's syndrome occurs when a male is born with an extra X chromosome (XXY).

Biased sample

Occurs when every member of a population does not have an equal chance of being chosen.

Subject bias

Occurs when research participants behavior changes because they know they're being studied or because of their expectations

Substitution

One affect for another ... rage used to mask fear

Behavior is outcome of...

Ongoing series of conflicts among the id, ego, an superego

Contingency Management

Patients receive incentives or rewards for meeting specific behavioral goals such as verified abstinence.

Behavioral psychology important figures

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Bandura

Skinner's view on personality

People are controlled by external variables An unnecessary concept Principles of learning are universal

Ending Phase

Prepare group for termination in advance. Recognize feelings of loss, rejection, abandonment.

Reinforcement

Process of rewarding a behavior

Marl at and George

Propose that the pressure of multiple cues arouses 'positive outcome expectations' which then triggers motivation to use drug again.

6.03

Public Emergencies Social workers should provide appropriate professional services in public emergencies to the greatest extent possible.

This type of Measure of Variability is the difference between the largest & smallest measurements.

Range

Cognitive Therapy

Reduce symptoms of negative thoughts, distorted thinking, and dysfunctional beliefs. Albert Ellis (Rational-emotive therapy). Aaron Beck (Cognitive Theory).

Celexa

SSRI antidepressant (citalopram)

1.03 f.

Social workers should obtain clients' informed consent before audiotaping or videotaping clients or permitting observation o fservices to clients by a third party.

Nicotine Replacement

Specific products on the market that serve to help earlier phases of abstinence from dependence.

What are the stages of treatment for substance abuse?

Stabilization, Rehabilitation, Maintenance

Focuses on problem resolution by altering the feedback cycle or loop that maintains the symptomatic behavior

Strategic Family Therapy

This treatment approach in family theory focuses on rules & patterns of behavior where the SW strategically chooses interventions that improve the family's behavioral interactions within/among each other is known as?

Strategic Family Therapy

This sampling technique is dividing population of two or more groups into common denominators (e.g., gender, income, etc...) & known as?

Stratified Random Sampling

Naturalistic observation strengths and weaknesses

Strengths: can gather information in it's usual setting as it naturally occurs. Weaknesses: cannot determine the cause-and-affect. Observer bias possible.

Experiment strengths and weaknesses

Strengths: can make cause-and-effect relationships. Researcher has control. Weaknesses: sampling errors. Often hard to generalize to the real world.

Correlation strengths and weaknesses

Strengths: can study real-world behavior. Can determine relationships. Weaknesses: cannot determine cause-and-affect.

Antabuse, ReVia & Trexan are?

Substance Abuse

One unit comprised of individuals and their interactions is defined as?

Systems

Exosystem

That context that significant others in the child's life directly experience but the child does not. Indirectly influences.

dependent variable

The response that is measured after the manipulation of the independent variable

Clinical Recommendations

Try to translate concepts across the various approaches.

Extinction

Unlearning of a CR

The development of an individual's mental state is the result of a reciprocal exchange between two forces?

Urging Force (or Cathexis) & Checking Force (Anti-Cathexis)

Biomarkers

Urine cotinine and breath carbon monoxide (CO) readings.

Respodent or Classical conditioning was formulated by John ______ & Ivan ______.

Watson & Pavlov

Little Albert

Watson and Raynor (assistant), fear response in little boy using rat and fear-producing UCS, a loud noise

Single gene-pair inheritance

When an individual inherits a gene pair that controls a trait or causes a disease. Follows dominance-recessiveness principle. Diseases include sickle-cell disease, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), Huntington's Disease, and Tay-Sachs. All are recessive traits except Huntington's Disease which is carried on a dominant gene.

Co-optation

When an opposing view is anticipated by a group, the threatening individual or organization is invited to join the threatened group. This tends to minimize the damage that the dissenter can have upon the group.

Caesarian section

alternative method in which fetus is surgically removed from uterus

Tolerance and potentiation impact nursing care by

amount and implication of drugs we administer

self-actualizing people

approach life with a sense of discovery that makes each day new

enablers often excessively

blame the addict d/t underlying rage

Thiamine B helps

block alcohol absorption and improve mental status

disulfiram- antiabuse drug

can be used to help maintain sobriety

LSD/mescaline

can produce good or bad trips

Native American/Alaskan Native spirituality

fundamental part of life; interconnectedness of all living things; sacredness of all creation; animism.

First trimester

germinal period, first 2 weeks

Distinctions of Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

lacks the criteria for other forms but delusions, hallucinations and/or incoherence are present

Length of pregnancy

lasts 270 days or 40 weeks

conditions of worth

lead us to see ourselves as good or bad and come from the mixed messages of others

Displacement

shifting an unconscious wish that causes anxiety to another object or person

Babinski

spreading the toes when the bottom of the foot is stimulated

Signs of abuse:

suspicious injury, somatic complaints, behavioral presentation, controlling behavior of partner

thaimine

why does it work, what is it used for

Physiological Theory

Encompasses different theoretical principles such as: Disease/Medical Model Genetic Predisposition Theory Helps remove the moral stigma, embarrassment, shame, and guilt attached to addictive use of chemicals and behaviors. Disease/Medical Model - Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob (Robert Holbrook Smith) created Alcoholics Anonymous in 1935 and E.M. Jellinek (alcoholism researcher) identified addiction as a chronic as well as progressive disease often characterized by denial in 1945 (Erickson, 2005). The AMA in 1956 passed a resolution stating that alcoholics must be treated like any other patient upon being admitted to the hospital. This seemed to remove the stigma associated with dependence issues. The approach was a natural development from the twelve steps of Alcoholics Anonymous combined with the view that addiction is a disease.

Psychological stress

Encompasses the negative cognitive & emotional states that result when people feel that the demands placed on them exceed their ability to cope.

Elimination Disorders

Encopresis: Passage of feces in inappropriate places Enuresis: Voiding of urine during day or night in clothes or bedding

Ventilation

Encourage free expression, develop athmosphere that fosters free expression, encourage emotional expression when appropriate.

Encouragement

Encourage reflection, insight, personality dynamics, pattern-dynamics, conscious and preconscious material, sensitive to manifest what is expressed and latent underlying material content.

Personality Disorders

Enduring and inflexible pattern of maladaptive personality traits causing impairment in social or occupational fuctioning. Thought of as serving coping and defensive stles to ego deficits and early developmental problems.

Task Centered Treatment Stages

Engagement Proplem-Centered Assessment Development of problem-solving tasks/planning implementation Performing problem solving tasks Review progress in achieving a task at the beginning of each session Social worker and client plan a new task or deal with obstacles to task completion Evaluation Termination

Random assignment

Ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any one of the groups. Helps to guarantee that the group were similar to one another with respect to important characteristics before manipulation of independent variable.

Open Group

Enter and leave according to choice. Depend upon frequency and pace of changes. Focus shifts somewhat from group as a whole to individual members. Opportunities to use social forces to help individuals are reduced if membership shifts. Group is less cohesive and less available. Structure keeps worker in central position t/o life of group since worker provides continuity.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Enter relationsihpsw ith others involved, reciprocal way, sexually, occupationally, socially Interpersonal relationships and distancing, readiness to renounce, isolate, destroy others

The dissolution or disorganization of a closed system results in less differentiation and a lost of function is defined as?

Entropy

Average expectable Enviornment

Enviornments are growth promoting and gratifying and frustrating, but w/i reasonable limits

In ego psychology, adaptation is defined as the reciprocal relationship between the ______ & the ______?

Environment & Individual

B.F. Skinner believed Operant Conditioning explained changes in behavior were the result of changes in one's _____ & _____ by significant others.

Environment & Reinforcement

Transactional Analysis

Eric Berne Often used in group settings as it teaches individuals to trust one another Therapist is the faciliator of change Ego States: adult, parent, child (parts of personality)

Transactional Analysis

Eric Berne (Games People Play) Transactional Analysis (TA) Ego states w/in a person (parent, adult, child) which are experiential and behaviroal realities. Structural analysis seeks to revel how 3 systems interact intrapphysically, while TA focuses on analyzing transactions that take place b/w people. Games are analzyed in groups to better understand patterned transiactions. Scripts are conceptualized as unconscious plan people follow in shaping lives. TA groups are heterogenous and contractual. Interrogation, specification, confrontation, explanation, illustrations, confirmations, interpretation, and crystallization.

Erickson's Epigenetic Model

Erickson viewed man as being born with all of his psychosocial developmental stages in latent form and that they developed in a set order brought about by psychosocial pressure caused by physiological development and societal input. They were not static and could be altered by subsequent input.

The Psychosocial Theory developed by _____ ______ is based on the premise that an individual's social environment shapes her/his behaviors and personality.

Erik Erikson

generativity

Erikson's term for a concern for future generations and the kind of legacy one will leave behind; stage 7 in his theory of psychosocial development.

Middle adulthood

Erikson: Generativity vs. Stagnation -35/40 - 65 years

Family of procreation

Establishment with a mate and one's own children

Value = Service

Ethical Principle = Social worker's primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems.

Value = Integrity

Ethical Principle = Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner

Value = Social Justice

Ethical Principle = Social workers challenge social justice

Value = Competence

Ethical Principle = Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise.

Value = Importance of Human Relationships

Ethical Principle = Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships

Value = Dignity and Worth of a person

Ethical Principle = Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of a person

What are the Impacts of Addiction?

Every aspect of the individual's life is impacted (like a virus): Emotional domain Spiritual domain Physical domain Familial domain Social domain Vocational domain Recreation domain How would you say these areas can be impacted by addiction? What are some examples?

AA Diverse Populations

Evidence of Latinos tending to attend the least AA follow up treatment. Women problem drinkers more likely to attend with higher chance of benefit. Whites benefit most from 12 step involvement.

Lorenz and Bowlby

Evolutionary psychologists who are among the more influential theorists

Assessment begins on the 1st day of Treatment & continues throughout treatment: True or False

True

NASW Code of Ethics state except where appropriate as in martial relationships or work with groups, it is inappropriate to provide services to two or more people who have a relationship with each other: True or False

True

The stage is from birth to 1 year and involves either being loved & nurtured or not.

Trust vs. Mistrust

In psychosocial development, when a mother constantly attends to her crying newborn, she is strengthening the child in what stage?

Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 yr.)

Personality Psychologists

Try to develop systematic theories about human behavior and to test their theories in a scientific way.

rooting

Turning toward an object brushing the cheek and sucking

Excitement (Physiological proceses)

Two basic physiological processes occur during this stage: 1. Vasodilation/ constriction: engorgement of blood vessels of the genitals as a result of dilation of the blood vessels. 2. Myotonia: Muscle contractions not only in the genitals but throughout the body.

Vygotsky and Bronfenbrenner

Two theorists who emphasize the influence of sociocultural context on development.

This type of statistical error occurs when the Ho is rejected but in actuality is true or when a researcher concludes that a difference does exists when it really doesn't.

Type I error

This type of statistical error is when the Ho is accepted but in actuality is false or when a researcher concludes that a difference doesn't exist when it really does.

Type II error

Teen Pregnancy

U.S. has one of the HIGHEST teen pregnancy rate among industrialized countries 615,000 teenage girls become pregnant each year in the U.S. -60% have the child -26% have elective abortions -14% miscarried -About one-third of girls aged 15 -19 have at least one unwanted pregnancy. -Having a child in the teenage years is one of the highest risk factors for poverty.

Nature of Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious Process Ego attempts to expel from consciousness those sexual and aggressive impulses that are anxiety evoking. Defenses are attempts to protect oneself from anxiety and are universally used ... not indication of pathology Defenses are an indication of disturbance when human cost outweighs their protective values

Defense mechanisms

Unconscious methods used by ego to distort reality and thereby protect us from anxiety

Group Development 1

Understand development by providing interventions that facilitate groups progression towards achieving goals, not forcing group to fit a certain type of model.

Reflective discussion

Understand effects of decisions and consequences. Inner awareness of self.

Trauma Informed

Understanding of trauma and an awareness of the impact it can have across settings, services, and populations.

2.11 a & b.

Unethical Conduct of Colleagues (a) Social workers should take adequate measures to discourage, prevent, expose, and correct the unethical conduct of colleagues. (b) Social workers should be knowledgeable about established policies and procedures for handling concerns about colleagues' unethical behavior.

Dissociative Fugue

Unexpected travel from home with assumption of new identity and inability to recall previous identity

Universality vs. context-specific development

Universality (Piaget) = same order and same age Context-specific (Bronfenbrenner) = takes place in various contexts

Negative reinforcement

Unpleasant condition is removed when the behavioral responses is emitted

Paraphilias

Unusual or bizarre imagery or acts typically concealed and engaged in by a small percentage of population for sexual excitement. Exhibitionism, fetishism, frotteurism, pedophilia, sexual sadism, sexual masaochism, boyeurism, zoophilia

Repression

Unwanted thoughts are pushed down into the unconscious. Still influence personality.

Aversion Therapy

Used in Behavior Therapy, this involves pairing an undesired behavior with an aversive stimulus to eliminate the behavior.

Double-blind technique

Used to controllable subject and observer biases. Neither participants nor researcher who is measuring the dependent variable know who is assigned to which group in an experiment

Descriptive or observational research methods

Used to obtain accurate records of behavior without manipulating or controlling any variables.

Interpretation

Used when clients are not emotionally fragile. Suggests psychodynamic meaning of thoughts, feelings, fantasies, origin of problem. Deepen concious understanding. May involve: 1) Uncovering represeed (unconcious) or supressed (conscious) material 2) conncting the present to the past, to view distortions clearly 3) Integrate material from sources so client can gain insight and perspective

Narrative Therapy

Uses people's stories that they tell about their lives revealing how their perceptions are structured. Therapist co-constructs alternative, more affirming stories. Client is viewed as a consultant on their life vs. a client.

Learning theory

Uses social learning theory, operant conditioning and classical conditioning to explain addiction.

This research or study concept refers to the extent to which results collected reflect the True or correct characteristics of what the researcher is attempting to measure is known as?

Validity

Culture bound syndromes are symptoms that look like characteristics of a mental disorder but are actually related to certain _____ & _____ of the individual's culture.

Values & Beliefs

Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should become aware of her/his own cultural _____ & _____.

Values & Beliefs

Ego Syntonic

Values, personality traits, thoughts and behaviors which are part of an individual and are considered to be CONSISTENT with his/her self-perception.

Ego Dystonic

Values, personality traits, thoughts and behaviors which are part of an individual and are considered to be INCONSISTENT with his/her self-perception.

Independent variable

Variable that is manipulated

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Various approaches to therapy based in cognitive theories. These approaches tend to focus on the present, have short term foci, and have specific goals relating to changing behavior or perception.

This intervention approach deals with problems and issues by reaching outside the community, e.g., government.

Vertical

Remedial or Rehabilitative Models

Vinter, Garvin, Glasser 1) 1950's and stressed group treatment approach. Drew from social behavior, ego psych, socialization. Goals are operational and observable variables. Medical model approach. Worker is a change agent, with focus on individual change. Organizations use this model when charged with socialization, mental health, and outpatient treatment. 2) Begining stage: group selection process, study actual problems and causes (diagnos), Set treatment goals, develop groups with common problem 3) Middle stage: Planned interventions - select target, strategies, techniques to bring change. Direct meaning of influence. Motivates and stimulates individuals to achieve goals and follow tasks, indirect means of influence by defining purpose and intervening group processes. 4) Ending stage: occurs when achieve maximum gains, deal with feelings about ending, work is evaluated, and contract renegotiated if necessary.

Scaffolding

Vygotsky offered that older children and adults provide scaffolding. It is cognitive support provided to a younger thinker by a more advanced thinker.

Mary Cover Jones

Watson student, extinguished phobia in child using classical conditioning

Death denying society

We just don't accept it

Bandura's disinhibition

Weakening of inhibitions by observing the behavior of a model

Evaluation

Weigh meaning and worth of former experiences

Racial Salience

What does being black mean to me right now. (tied to a person's experiences and the particular situation they are in); Robert Seller's theory of racial identity development

Spatial Ability

What is the function of the right side of the brain?

Conscious part of our personality

Whatever we are aware of at any particular point in time

What is entropy?

When a system becomes closed, disorganized or stagnant

Sex-linked inheritance

When a trait or disease like colorblindness or hemophilia is carried by a gene on the sex chromosomes.

When people perceive an event as threatening & feels of being overwhelmed, helpless & unable to cop arise

When does stress occur?

1.04 c.

When generally recognized standards do not exist with respect to an emerging area of practice, social worker must exercise careful judgment and take responsible steps to insure competence in work and protect clients from harm.

Quasi-experiment

When participants are not randomly assigned to groups

Conception

When the sperm cell penetrates and fertilizes the ovum. Forms zygote.

Spiritual Domain

When this domain is not activated: There is little reason to exist Search for superficial satisfaction is sought after - Addiction to work Addiction to food Addiction to chemicals When there is an increase in the self-destructive behaviors spiritual malaise is likely reaching epidemic proportions.

Externalizing

Work with groups is not confined to internal workings of the small group. Search for general principals in their efforts to help clients. 2) Attn is given to helping group and members related beyond the group, encourage active participation and involvement with others in wider spheres of living.

Social work with groups - Mainstream Model

Evolved in 1955 after merger with Amer Assoc of Group Work. Consistant with social work principles and person in enviornment approach. Focus is on a full rnage of group methods and techniques. Orientations rel on systems theories and ecological orientations to understanding adaptations to enviornmental forces. Strong trend towards identifying and addressing clinical problems and needs of clients. Methods are: micro-method, direct practice, clinical group practice. Defined as therapists, change agencts, facilitatos, enablers, advocates. Employs social group in helping form. Engagement is defined by members thro experiencing, sharing, yielding, and struggling for common purpose. Members engage in decision making, problem solving, conflict resolution, and helping. Group moves naturally thro stages of development. Participate in group building. Reality experiences in the here and now. Worker in relation to content provides interventions such as enabling, facilitating, or teaching. Lang developed in 1972 3 orders: 1) allonomous group (workers governed) 2) allon-autonomous group (worker and group governed) and 3) autonomous group (group goverened)

Workers Role

Examines own feelings about ending. Focuses group on discussing ending Helps individuals express feelings of loss, ambivelance Review achievements of group members Help members anticipate and preare to cope with next steps Assess need for continued assistance Help individuals and group with transition to other service

Histrionic PD

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking. Seek reassurance, approval, or praise. Dramatic and intense behavior, dramatize, hunger for excitement, distrubance in relationships due to ego, vanity, and lack of empathy. (Psychotherapy to temper ego and increase empathy) Cluster B

Kegel Exercise

Exercising the muscles attached to pelvic bone. It is used in sex therapy treatment.

Nihilistic Flight

Exhibit rejection, rejection provoking behavior, reatliation for fantasized desertion and abandonment

Psychoanalytic Theories

Experiences in groups inhibited intellectual activities, intensified emotions encouraged memebers to revert to earlier, compuslve forms of behavior. Plays a role and is the prototype for social relationships.

Cognitive Dissonance

Experiencing two or more radically opposed ideas or beliefs simultaneously. In a healthy person, this usually leads to mental stress and an eventual sorting out of the discrepancy.

These type of SSD designs A-B-A, A-B-A-B, & B-A-B are know as?

Experimental Single Systems Designs

This type of study involves identifying & manipulating independent variables & measuring their effect on the dependent variable and is the most rigorous studies conducted.

Experimental Studies

Pavlov

Experimentally manipulated stimuli to existing natural unconditioned stimuli that elicited fixed unconditioned response. Introudcint the condition response prior to natural unconditioned stimulus. Sounded a blel before giving dog food, automatic stimulus for salivation. Bell became stimuls for salivation when no food was givne. Conditioned responses can be created thro continuing reinforcement.

This type of study is used when dealing with a new area of research or to clarify or expand on existing knowledge.

Exploratory Study or Research

A 50-year-old male patient is being seen for routine follow-up for diabetes. As the interview proceeds, he mentions that he and his wife are "not doing very well in bed". As his physician, which would be the best response to this information?

Explore the specifics about his sexual difficulties and consider options for treatment.

Social learning theory

Extends operant and classical conditioning to include learning through observation. People are observed using drugs; if positive effects are portrayed then the individual observing becomes vicariously reinforced and is likely to model the behaviour. Influenced often by peers

Splitting

External objects are either good or bad. Feelings change rapidly

Anal traits

Extreme messiness, overly orderly, overly concerned about punctuality, fear of dirt, love of bathroom humor, anxiety about sexual activities, overly giving, rebelliousness

The Final Common Pathway Theory (FCP) of addiction has brought together all known data and encapsulated it into one major paradigm.

FCP states that the end of the path (addiction) can be reached through multiple combinations of unique circumstances, leading to multiple explanations for how addictions develop for each individual (Brandon & Brandon, 2005; Cox & Klinger, 1988).

disULFiram users who drink will present with

FLU-like symptoms- if not caught, it can lead to cardiac/respiratory collapse, unconsciousness, convulsions, death

Partialization

Facilitate cl feeling less overwhlemed and more empowered to solve problem. Prioritze goals in most important to client.

Skinner's early life problems

Failed writer at 22. Depressed in 40s, wrote Walden Two-his version of Utopia.

Substance abuse involves

Failure to meet obligations Repeated use in situations where it is physically dangerous (driving while drunk). In 2006, 22 million met criteria for dependence or abuse. Of those 15 million involved alcohol.

For persons whose lives have been affected by the use of mind altering substances and related behavior of a relative or friend. Insight into personal behavior; understanding of addiction.

Families Anonymous

Moral Development is learned primarily from the individual's _______.

Family

This public law 93-579 was enacted over concerns that individuals were unaware that agencies were collecting personal info & not sharing it with their clients.

Federal Privacy Act of 1974

According to Cognitive theory, an individual's _____ & _____ are the principal determinants of her/his behavior.

Feelings & Thoughts

Compensation

Feelings of inferiority and inadequacy grow out of real or imagined personal defects or weaknesses

This practice framework is most relevant when the client is a female and her issues are based upon the effects of gender or sex role stereotypes and discrimination.

Feminist Framework

Equifinality

Final state of system that can be reached from different initial conditions

Assimilation

Fitting together the new information with what has been previously known or understood

Evolutionary psychologists

Focus on discovering the adaptive, survival value of specific animal and human behaviors. They view human development over the lifespan as recapitulating the evolution of our species. Traits and behaviors in the newborn are viewed as residuals of the behavior of our oldest ancestors.

Seligman's positive psychology

Focus on happiness, excellence, and optimal human functioning Relies on experimental research

Education Groups

Focus on helping members learn new info and skills. Ex: Parenting info

Hospice

Focus on maximizing life quality when life can not be extended

Psychosocial

Focus: Intrapsychic and Interpersonal change. Basis: Psychoanalytical Theory, ego psychology, role, and systems theory. Sigmund Freud (Psychoanalytic theory), Anna Freud (defense mechanism), Erik Erikson (development through life cycle), Margaret Mahler (Separation/Individualization), Hartmann (adaptation to expected enviornment).

Pharmacogenomics

Focuses on identifying treatment responders based on genetics.

Family Defined

For all practical purposes family can be defined as an individual's closest emotional connections. The distinction of families is based upon the level of commitment that people have for each other and the duration of that commitment. Families are connected by blood (usually) but also by powerful emotional ties (almost always).

Major Tranquilizers

For treatment of severe psychotic disorders; intention is to inhibit abnormal behavior, agitation, hyperactivity, hallucinations

Regression, simple to complex reaction

Form of inability to cope reemerge, outbursts of anger, conflicts recur, fantasies, express need for group

reversal

Form of reaction formation aimed at protecting onself from painful affect

During this stage the child learns more adult-like or hypothetical thinking.

Formal Operational

Topographical Theory : Unconscious Frued

Freud Unconscious - 1) Content - repressed fantasies and experiences of childhood 2) Primary process function - tendency to immediate discharge of mental energies 3) Inaccessibility to consciousness 4) Wish Fullfillment - Wishes are motivating force behind dreams 5) Infantile - Guided by pleasure principle

Child development vs. Life Span Perspective

Freud and Piaget = child development Erikson = life span

Fixation

Freud states that children experience conflicts between urges in their erogenous zones and societal rules. Fixation occurs when these urges are either frustrated or overindulged in any one erogenous zone. Results in personality becoming permanently locked in the conflict surrounding that erogenous zone.

Gestalt Theory was founded by _____?

Fritz Perls

Gestalt Therapy

Fritz Perls Break thro psychi impasses or incomplete gestalts to become completly aware of themselves. Get in touch with oneself in here and now. use experience and techniques to help members intensify experiences to become aware of messages, and worked thro unfinished issues. Action oriented techniques, such as I language, confrontation, game dialogues, games, fantasies, confrontation, rehersals, exaggeration, stayin gin touch with feelings, and dream work.

Gestalt

Fritz Perls Humans are constantly discovering who they are, behavior is whole, not part of who they are. Focus on increasing awareness and clarity of the experience of the moment. Goal of therapy is to help the client achieve integration of the various aspects of the self in order to become a unified whole. Techniques: directed awareness, enactment (empty chair), guided fantasy visualization, body techniques, dreamwork

Fetus Stage

From two months after conception until birth. Muscles and bones form. Vital organs continue to grow and begin to function. During the last three months, the brain develops rapidly.

One Treatment

Generalized fits all models are not well accepted because variety of options are better.

This stage is from 35 to 50 years and involves the individual developing the capacity to care and nurture. Failing this stage and the focus tends to be on her/himself.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A middle aged adult does not find satisfaction in his job, and feels dissatisfied in his family life. He is struggling in which stage of psychosocial development?

Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle age)

This type of assessment tool is similar to a family tree & describes the family relationships for 1 or more generations.

Genogram

Strengths perspective support what methods to enhance strength:

1. Collaboration between worker and client 2. Creating opportunities for competence 3. Environmental modification

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Giving the body nicotine by means other than tobacco. Used to decrease withdrawal symptoms triggered by stopping smoking or chewing tobacco cessation. Functions through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.

Separation

Goup achieves termination, and losening of intense bonds, search for new resources and ties, express reactions to ending

Asian/Pacific Islander areas of emphasis

Great emphasis placed on family, friends, ethnic community, work and education.

Another short term therapy similar to Crisis Intervention focuses on coping with significant loss is known as?

Grief Counseling

Control group

Group that is not exposed to the independent variable

What is psychodrama

Group treatment in which roles are enacted in a group context

Three main beliefs of a social-ecological approach to trauma:

1. Environmental factors greatly influence emotional, physical, and social well-being. 2. A fundamental determinant of health versus illness is the degree of fit between individuals' biological, behavioral, and sociocultural need and the resources available to them. 3. Prevention, intervention, and treatment approaches integrate a combination of strategies targeting individual, interpersonal, and community systems.

Crisis Intervention Theory Stages of Individuals in Crisis

1. Experience a crisis/precipitating event 2. Express increased tension and shock, possible denial of the crisis situation, and failure of customary coping skills 3. Experiences sharply escalating tension, varying levels of depression, and varying levels of depression, and feeling of being overwhelmed, confused, helpless and/or hopeless 4. Attempts to use different means of coping. Can be maladaptive or adaptive

Phases of Crisis Intervention

1. Formulation of Problem- immediate focus on the event and assessment of functioning 2. Implementation Phase- gain additional background information 3. Treatment Phase-

Psychosexual Stages of Development (Freud)

1. Oral Stage (birth-1 year) Receptive and Biting Substages 2. Anal Stage (2-3 years) Expulsion and Retention Substages 3. Phallic Stage (3-5 years) 4. Latency Period (6-11 years) 5. Genital Stage (12-adulthood)

Eight stages of psychosocial theory

1. Trust vs Mistrust (Childhood) 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Childhood) 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Childhood) 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (Childhood) 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence) 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Adulthood) 8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year) 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2-3 years) 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years) 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years) 5. Identity vs. Identity Diffusion (12-18 years) 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood: 19-mid 20s) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation/Self-Absorbtion (middle age: late 20s-50s) 8. Integrity vs. Dispair (old age: 60s and beyond)

TIC Principles

1. begins with the first contact a person has with an agency.

Scientific method

1. defining a research problem 2. proposing a hypothesis and making predictions 3. designing and conducting a research study 4. analyzing the data 5. communicating the results and building theories of behavior

Natural Groups

Groups organize informally, but develop charachterisitics of a group. Form before worker is involved, and worker may have to use creative strategies to gain acceptance. More complex since everything needs to be sychronized (agency, worker, group members, etc). Worker helps articulate purposes along with thoughts and feelings. Worker examines purposes and determines common and divergent elements. Diverge from goals and sometimes an obstacle for involvement.

This Act passed in 1996 provides: -Protections & limits on use & disclosure of PHI -Access to Protected Health Information -Right to receive notice of privacy practices

HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

repeated use of a drug to the potential where there is a psychological dependence

Habituation-. (short answer content)

Formal Operational Stage

11 thro adolescence Visualize events adnd concepts beyond present and form theories cognitive random behavior is replaced by a systematic approach to problems. Gains objectivity and awareness of relative rlationships, ability to reason by hypotheis, and relate to past, present, and future.

Arden House study

2 groups-both told to repeat buttons on wall in the pattern they were given 1) when repeated they were told they were right when they got it right 2) when repeated they were told they got it wrong even if they go it right second group didnt try have the time when given a different set

Preoperational

2-7 years

Erikson: Intimacy vs. Isolation

21-35/40 -Important events: Relationships -Initially: seek companions and love. -Then: marriage and/or children. -Trend to wait until later thirties. -If successful, Basic Strengths of Affiliation and Love develop -If not successful: *Isolation and Distance* from Others OUTCOME: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. >Success leads to strong relationship >Failure results in loneliness and isolation.

Object Constancy

24-38 months

Prenatal Development Outline

2nd week - implantation on uterine wall 3rd-4th week - heart begins to pump 4th week - digestive system begins to form. Eyes begin to form 5th week - ears begin to form 6th week - arms and legs first begin to appear 7th-8th week - male sex organs form. Fingers form. 8th week - bones begin to form, legs and arms move, toes form 10th-11th week - female sex organs form 12th week - fetus weighs about one ounce, fetal movements can occur, fingerprints form 20th week - mother feels movement, reflexes - sucking, swallowing, and hiccuping appear; nails, sweat glands, and soft hair developing 27th week - fetus weighs about two pounds 38th week - fetus weighs about seven pounds 40th week - full-term baby born.

Phallic Stage

3 to 5 years Gratification shifts from anal to genital, and sought w/o concern for others. Oedipal complex, but resolved at end of phallic stage with development of superego

Initiative vs. Guilt

3 to 6 (Freud's Phallic Stage) Curious, aggressive. Hystreical denial or self restriction, keeping onself from actualizing capacities

Initiative vs. Guilt

3-6 years. Children are asked to assume more responsibility. Through play, children learn to plan, undertake, and carry out a task. Parents can encourage initiative by giving children the freedom to play, to use their imagination, etc. Children who are criticized or discouraged from taking the initiative learn to feel guilty.

Phallic

3-6, genitals. Self stimulation of genitals produces pleasure. Oedipal (boys) and Electra (girls) complexes occur - children have erotic desires for opposite-sex parent as well as feelings of fear and hostility for same-sex parent. Successful resolution of this conflict results in identification with the same-sex parent.

Object Relations concept refers to the way a child's Ego becomes organized over the first ___ of life.

3.5yrs

Separation/Hatching

5-9 months

Industry vs. Inferiority

6 to 11 yeaqrs (Latency Stage - Freud) Needs to make things well, worker and provider Developmental task is mastery over physical objects, self, social transaction, ideas, and concepts

Industry vs. Inferiority

6-11 years. In elementary school, children learn skills that are valued by society. Success or failure while learning these skills can have lasting effects on a child's feelings of adequacy.

Prevalence

61% of men and 51% of women report experiencing some kind of trauma in their lifetime.

7 stages/aspects of Proprium development

7 stages/aspects of Proprium development 1. bodily self - infancy, life centers around the body. 2. self identity - up to 18 months, continuity of self emerges. 3. self esteem - second and third years, a time for testing, accomplishment leads to pride. 4. self extension - ages 4 to 6, concern with possessions emerges, early on, the person is selfish. Later on, the person becomes less selfish. 5. self image - also ages 4 to 6, we (1) learn what is expected of us and (2) develop goals or aspirations for the future. 6. self as rational coper - between ages 6 and 12 we begin to think more "logically." 7. Propriate striving - starting at age 13 we strive towards goals (two motivations).

12 Step Lingo

90 in 90, fake it til you make it, easy does it, one day at a time, turn it over, stinking thinking, people places & things, sponsors, open meetings, step meetings.

What does ABC stand for in cognitive behavioral therapy?

A = Activating Event B = Individual's thoughts & beliefs about A C = Emotional Response & Consequences of B

Classical Conditioning Model

A Behavioral Theory Help the client unlearn maladaptive responses to environmental stimuli Based on counter conditioning by Wolpe Entails conditioning an individual to associate pleasant feelings with stimulus that has been anxiety producing

Asperger's Syndrome

A Pervasive Developmental Disorder which resembles Autistic Disorder but occurs later in development. This individual usually suffers from impairments in social interactions for life.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

A Pervasive Developmental Disorder with onset after age two and before age 10. Loss of acquired verbal skills, relationship skills, and adaptive behavior appears, and the child begins manifesting behaviors associated with autism.

Operant Conditioning

A behavioral theory focuses on behaviors that operate or act on the environment with the goal of obtaining some response Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, shaping, interval=time, ratio= # of occurances (can be fixed or variable), punishment

Broker

A broker is a social worker or community worker who helps individuals or groups to identify community resources and facilitates networking between the groups for the purpose of working together for common goals and benefits.

Gender Identity

A category of social identification as male/female or occasionally some category other than male or female.

Ad hoc

A committee formed to address a particular situation; once the issue has been addressed, it is dissolved

Means Test

A criterion involving the client's ability to pay for part or all of a benefit being offered. This is used to determine if a client is eligible for a particular benefit or program.

Survey research

A descriptive method that requires the researcher to ask a group of people about behaviors, thoughts, or opinions. Data is collected through questionnaires or interviews.

Case study

A descriptive research methods that is an in-depth study of a single subject. It can include interviews, observations, and test results.

Naturalistic observation

A descriptive research study that occurs in actual setting that has not been manipulated by the researcher.

Antabuse

A drug (generic name disulfiram) which causes nausea for anyone ingesting alcohol. It is used in the treatment of alcoholism as a form of aversion therapy.

Death insulated society

A generation that is the first generation to be removed from death as a natural part of the life process

Why Theories?

A good framework gives us an philosophical approach to working with the client. A framework that can be adapted to techniques from a variety of theories.

Adjustment Disorders

A group of disorders manifesting emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a determinable stressor or stressors that occurred within three months of the onset of the symptoms

Correlation

A measure of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable; This can be a positive relationship (one increases, the other increases) or a negative relationship (one increases, the other decreases).

Needs Assessment

A methodical evaluation of a client's problems, available resources, possible solutions and impediments to reaching therapeutic goals by a professional

Dysthymic Disorder

A mood disorder involving symptoms of sadness, pessimism, eating problems, fatigue, poor self-esteem, touchiness, and inability to make up one's mind that lasts at least two years for a majority of the each day.

Cyclothymic Disorder

A mood disturbance characterized by swings between depressive symptoms and hypomanic episodes. This is similar to bipolar disorder, but less severe. It must have lasted at least two years in adults or one year in children or adolescents. It is not considered to be physiological in etiology.

Varenicline

A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist that stimulates nicotine receptors much weaker than nicotine. Reduces cravings and desires for pleasurable effects of cigarettes and other tobacco products. The field standard.

Correlation coefficient

A number that represents the strength of the relationship between variables measured. It can range in value from 0 to 1. A correlation coefficient of zero indicates no relationship. A correlation coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect relationship. Even if a strong correlation relationship is found, however, cause-and-effect conclusions cannot be made because there is no systematic manipulation by the researcher.

Seligman's learned helplessness

A person believes we have no control over our environment. Developed-infancy and early childhood

Interpersonal "here and now", yalom Process Groups

Harry Stack Sullivan, refined by Irving Yalom. Stressed interpersonal learning w/in group. Exploration and therapeutic analysis of here and now. Unstructured and spontaneous. Impart info, instill hope, universality, and altruism are stressed. Offers socializing techniques, provide behavior models to imitate and interpersonal learning, cohesiveness and catharsis. Interactional agenda (go-around that requires members to identify areas to be worked upon); groups for high functioning patients and focus groups addressing special limitations of low-functioning patients.

Interview

Has the advantage over a questionnaire in that the interviewer can see the reactions of the person being interviewed and may also be able to ask follow-up questions. The disadvantage is that a person being interviewed face-to-face with an interviewer may not provide complete and/or truthful information.

Secure Attachment

Have available and responsive caregivers, most common in society; These people find it relatively easy to get close to others, don't often worry about being abandoned or someone leaving them, and describe parental relationships as warm and loving; Not only do they have more successful relationships but they have more peers and social relationships; Ainsworth

Therapy Groups

Help members change behavior 1) Learn to cope with and ameliorate personal problems 2) Deal with physical, psychological or social trauma Ex: IOP

Socialization Groups

Help members learn new social skills and socially accepted behaviors. Enable clients to function effectively in community. Ex: Parents w/o partners groups

Freudian, Neo Freudian

Help re-experience early family relationships, uncover deep rooted feelings, gain insight into faulty psychological development. 8-10 patients, interacting primarily thro discussion. Exploring feelings, behavior, unconscious process. Utilization of interpretation, dream analysis, free association, transference relations, working thro.

Traditional Families -

Heterosexual couples (two parents and minor children all living under the same roof). Single parents and families including blood relatives. Adoptive families (legally) Foster relationships Grandparents raising grandchildren Stepfamilies

Two interventional approaches when working with communities & larger systems are the _______ & ________ approach.

Horizontal & Vertical

A theory that asserts a relationship exists between two variables is know as?

Hypothesis

The most primitive stage of the personality is?

Id

What are the 3 Structural Personality Developmental stages?

Id, Ego, & Superego

This stage is from 12 to 18 years and involves the creation of one's identity. Failing this stage the adolescent will experience role confusion.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

An adolescent tries out various clubs at school to find an area of interest. According to psychosocial development, this is an example of?

Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)

Hawkins et al

If parents hold permissive attitudes towards the use of drugs or smoking by their children, their children will be more likely to use drugs.

Schizophreniform Disorder

Illness of less than 6 months Onset preceded by high stress Blunted or flat affect Treatment similar to schizophrenia

4.05

Impairment (a) Social workers should not allow their own personal problems, psychosocial distress, legal problems, substance abuse, or mental health difficulties to interfere with their professional judgment and performance or to jeopardize the best interests of people for whom they have a professional responsibility. (b) Social workers whose personal problems, psychosocial distress, legal problems, substance abuse, or mental health difficulties interfere with their professional judgment and performance should immediately seek consultation and take appropriate remedial action by seeking professional help, making adjustments in workload, terminating practice, or taking any other steps necessary to protect clients and others.

2.09

Impairment of Colleagues (a) Social workers who have direct knowledge of a social work colleague's impairment that is due to personal problems, psychosocial distress, substance abuse, or mental health difficulties and that interferes with practice effectiveness should consult with that colleague when feasible and assist the colleague in taking remedial action. (b) Social workers who believe that a social work colleague's impairment interferes with practice effectiveness and that the colleague has not taken adequate steps to address the impairment should take action through appropriate channels established by employers, agencies, NASW, licensing and regulatory bodies, and other professional organizations.

Implosion

Implosion exposes the client to an anxiety producing stimulus and encourages the client to experience as much anxiety as possible. No harm is forthcoming leading to no reinforcement of the responses and eventually to extinguishing the fear response.

Critical periods

Important finding of the ethologists in which A critical period is a narrow frame of time within which a behavior must develop or will never appear.

The ability to handle frustration is called?

Impulse Control

Double Bind

In communication theory, this is the process in which a message has a surface meaning which is contradicted by the subsequent behavior of the message giver.

Racial Centrality

In general, how important is race to me overall. (being black/brown/asian etc..); Robert Seller's theory of racial identity development

Mean

In statistics, the average of the raw scores of a frequency distribution

Psychological Theory

In this model addiction is explained as conscious and unconscious processes that lead to escape from existential suffering (Juhnke & Hagedorn). Chemicals are used to "numb out" Addictive relationship develops between individual and the chemical Self-Medicating - addictive use of chemicals to lessen the psychological pain. Influence of Behavioral Theory - ABC explanation - (A) Antecedent - a triggering emotion, event, or interaction - loneliness, hunger, stress, boredom, etc. (B) Behavior - used to cope with the event - ingestion of alcohol, drugs, etc. (C) Consequence - either one that is pleasurable and encouraging (getting high) or one that is avoidant (reduced tension and stress). Four main reason exist that explain and sustain behavioral choices: Attention (positive and negative) Avoidance (removal of negative mood or ability to evade responsibility) Tangible reward (Money, privilege, or power obtained due to behavior) Sensory stimulation (Taste, the touch of the product, sounds associated, scent)

Hope theory

In which people are hipful and look on the bright side, are healthier, live long and are happier

Retrograde Amnesia

Inability to remember what happened in the past or right before an accident; the reason why don't remember if you hit your head, is because you did not give your brain enough time to make a memory trace; the hit cut off the process of memory moving short to long; hippocampal damage

2.10

Incompetence of Colleagues (a) Social workers who have direct knowledge of a social work colleague's incompetence should consult with that colleague when feasible and assist the colleague in taking remedial action. (b) Social workers who believe that a social work colleague is incompetent and has not taken adequate steps to address the incompetence should take action through appropriate channels established by employers, agencies, NASW, licensing and regulatory bodies, and other professional organizations.

Operant (voluntary) Behavior

Increased by positive or negative reinforcement. Decreased (extinguished) by withholding reinforcement or punishment.

Differentiation

Increased group cohesion, greater freedom from personal expression, develop mutual-aid system; group is flexible and functional, skills in analyzing and working thro problems, communicating,a nd supporting others

Robert White

Independent Ego Energy Proposed excistence of internal motivation to achieve competence based on studies Exploration, manipulation, and play are unexplained by drive theory. Behaviors are not random, idle or resltess, but responses to stimulation. They show direction, selection, and persistence which can e interpreted as motivation. Seek novelty, stimulation, establish new relationships /w self and objects. Motivation to attain competence is directed toward achieving efficacy, but leads to important learning. Play leads to ability to discriminate visual patterns, catach and throw, coordinate eye and hand movements. Establish a concept of object, leading to development of basic developmental skills.

Schizoid PD

Indifferent to social relationships and restricted range of emotional experince and expression. Lacks intimate relationships and uncaring towards others. Cluster A

IEP

Individual Education Plan

Overcompensation to shed inferiority is a concept of which theory

Individual Psychology

An elementary school child feeling good about a school project that she worked hard on is an example of which stage of psychosocial stage of development?

Industry vs. Inferiority (6 yrs. - puberty)

biological aging

Inevitable process that eventually would cause death even in the absence of disease

Group Development 2

Influenced by a complex set of properties, structures, and ongoing process. Movement occurs thro process that are repeated, fused with others, modified and reinforced.

This stage is from 4 to 5 years and involves a child becoming more curious and learns to play with others. If not allowed to take initiative will feel guilty & fearful.

Initiative vs. Guilt

At which stage of psychosocial development do children need the ability to feel secure in their decisions to take initiative?

Initiative vs. Guilty (3 yrs. - 6 yrs.)

Microsystems

Innermost level, includes immediate setting in which the developing person interacts; level of Brofenbrenner's ecology.

What is the difference between input and throughput?

Input is resources obtained from the environment. Throughput is energy integrated into the system.

Sleep Disorders

Insomnia, Hypersomnia, Narcolepsy, Nightmare Disorder, Sleep Terror Disorder, Sleepwalking Disorder

Combine Behavioral Intervention

Integrates aspects of Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment.

Ability to hold inconsistencies about situation/person within self is called?

Integrative or Synthetic Functioning

5.01

Integrity of the Profession (a) Social workers should work toward the maintenance and promotion of high standards of practice. (b) Social workers should uphold and advance the values, ethics, knowledge, and mission of the profession. (c) Social workers should contribute time and professional expertise to activities that promote respect for the value, integrity, and competence of the social work profession. (d) Social workers should contribute to the knowledge base of social work and share with colleagues their knowledge related to practice, research, and ethics. (e) Social workers should act to prevent the unauthorized and unqualified practice of social work.

Rationalizing and making generalizations about anxiety-provoking issues to minimize pain and anxiety is called?

Intellectualization

Piaget

Intellecutal Development - origin and development of cognitive functions and structures

Intentionality

Intentionality connects one's inner conscious with one's behavior. It will guide the selection, purpose, and direction of helping strategies. A lack of intentionality interferes with client progress and can lead to counselors feeling ineffective.

Facitious Disorders

Intentionally produced or feigned physical or emotioanl symptoms. Motivated b y wishing to play the role of a sick person.

This type of test of reliability is where research subjects' test scores are compared with one another using the same test is known as?

Inter-Rater

Structure in grup process

Interactions, network of roles and statuses, communications, leadership, and power relationships characterizing a group at any point in time.

2.03

Interdisciplinary Collaboration (a) Social workers who are members of an interdisciplinary team should participate in and contribute to decisions that affect the wellbeing of clients by drawing on the perspectives, values, and experiences of the social work profession.

Impulse Control Disorders

Intermittent Explose Disorder- Aggression in form of assult on others or property Pathological gambling Kleptomania - Impulsively stealing things not needed Pyromania - Fire setting for pleasure or tension relief Trichotillomania - Hair pulling for pleasure or tension relief

Harry Stack Sullivan

Interpersonal theorists that proposed a two-dimensional model of personality

This Measure of Variability is the Difference between the upper and lower quartiles.

Interquartile Range

According to Systems theory a basic premise is that individuals and their situation are _______?

Interralated

1.15

Interruption of Services Social workers should make reasonable efforts to ensure continuity of services in the event that services are interrupted by factors such as unavailability, relocation, illness, disability, or death.

This category of measurement is discrete & follows a continuous pattern & of equal distance apart like on scale (-/+) & known as?

Interval

This phase of an N=1 study is where the effect on the target is observed & measured for a change.

Intervention Phase

This type of single subject design "B only" is known as?

Intervention only

This Gestalt treatment concept is where the client inappropriately receives & internalizes messages & info from others is defined as?

Introjection

Displacement

Investment of repressed feelings in substitute object

AA Involvement

Investment through steps, sponsors, or identification predicts better outcomes than attendance.

Respondent

Involuntary behavior

Fine motor skills

Involve small, coordinated movements of the hands, fingers, or toes. Fairly well-developed with their fingers by 9 to 12 months of age

Twelve Steps

Involves acceptance of having chronic debilitating disease with no cure but abstinence, surrender to a higher power and to AA fellowship, taking a moral inventory, making amends, and helping others.

Single-subject experiment

Involves the participation of only one subject. The independent variable is systematically changed over time, and the subjects behavior at one time is compared with the same subjects behavior at another time. In this case, time is used as a control.

Scapegoating

Irrational, unconscious selection of a family member for the negative, demeaned, or outsider role

Trauma informed care (TIC)

Is a strengths based delivery approach that is grounded in an understanding of and responsiveness to the impact of trauma. It upholds the importance of consumer participation in the development, delivery, and evaluation of services.

Random sample

Is one in which every member of the population being studied has an equal chance of being picked for inclusion in the study. Researchers are better able to generalize their findings to the population of interest if a random sample is used.

Content validity

Is the content of this measure representative of the content of the property being measured?

Client Lives Alone or with Partner

Issues include - economic and psychological difficulties. Both partners need help. Codependency may be an issue Codependency is being overly concerned with the problems of another to the detriment of attending to one's own wants and needs (CoDA, 1998).

Physiological Theory

Jellinek outlined four distinct phases of the disease of alcoholism: Prealcoholic Phase - the individual uses alcohol in a self-medication fashion to cope with anxiety, stress, anger or other troubling situations. In this stage one begins to lose control over alcohol consumption. Continued overindulgence leads to the following stage. Early or Prodromal Phase - characterized by secret drinking, increased tolerance, chugging or gulping behaviors, and blackouts. Associated emotional responses include guilt, preoccupation with drinking, and such minimization and rationalization. Middle or Crucial Phase - physical dependence is the hallmark of this stage. Significant personality changes have occurred. Sacrificed friends, family and career opportunities for sake of continued drinking Protective behaviors of one's supply of alcohol Negligence of physical and emotional health Decreased self-esteem Late or Chronic Phase - morning drinking is common, ethical standards are violated and laws broken, physical tremors and hallucinations are experienced, memory loss occurs, turn to alternate substances for a fix (mouthwash, rubbing alcohol, etc).

Founders of Behaviorism

John Watson, B.F. Skinner

Model of addiction: Prochaska and DiClemente's Trans Theoretical

Key features: FIVE STAGES OF BEHAVIORAL CHANGE in order; precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance Limitations: conceptualized theory-based model

Model of addiction: Developmental

Key features: addiction stems from IMMATURITY AND STUNTED ADOLESCENCE Limitations: RECOVERY process emerges in STAGES OVERTIME

Model of addiction: Minnesota Hint: Alcohol only. Minnesota is too far away to get drugs. Hint #2 Such a back ass state, they are still using Antabuse

Key features: model consists of: education, individual and group therapy, participation in alcoholics anonymous, monitored use of ANTABUSE Limitation: ALCOHOL-based treatment model ONLY

Multiple CNS receptors-stimulation/depression Euphoria Perceptual alterations Transcendental Increased sensory sensitivity Altered judgment Increased HR, BP and temperature with flushed face* Pupils dilate Lack of coordination Tremors Nausea

LSD/ mescaline

3.10

LaborManagement Disputes (a) Social workers may engage in organized action, including the formation of and participation in labor unions, to improve services to clients and working conditions. (b) The actions of social workers who are involved in labormanagement disputes, job actions, or labor strikes should be guided by the profession's values, ethical principles, and ethical standards.

Psychological Self-awareness

Laboratory, sensitivity training, T-Groups Developed primarily for self-study processes and adopted by agencies and social organizations to expand consciousness and awareness. Learn to function in ways that increase effectiveness. Small group experience and interpersonal relationships provide an untapped resource for personal growht and self-actualization. Test new and different relationships. Stress expanded consciousness, spirit of inquiry, authenticity in interpersonal relationships, collaborative concept of authority. T groups (training) consist of small groups of members engaged in unstrucutred meetings led by trainers who provide no structure, but help members learn from own experiences. Include: role playing, guided group fantasies, confrontation and feedback. Encounter group: personal growth, deep felt experiences, and insisit on useful based on degree to which encourage honest reflections and reactions. Confrontation, where members meet to engage in self-disclosure, self-revelation, and perceptual feedback addressing common problems and issues. Emphasize un-programmed spontaneous contact without countering, man euvering, filtering or distorting.

COMBINE Methods

Large, double-bind, randomized controlled trial of acamprosate, naltrexone, with/without CBI. Also a 9th group with no pill, CBI only.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Late Adulthood. If a person looking back on his or her life can believe that it has been meaningful and relatively successful, then a sense of integrity develops. If all that is seen are wasted opportunities and meaninglessness, the person will be disgusted. Despair will follow disgust if the person feels it is too late to change.

Working Definition of Addiction

Lay definition #1 - Addiction is an abnormal love and trust relationship with an object or event in an attempt to control that which cannot be controlled. What makes it abnormal? The relationship is between a person and an object or event - alcohol, sex, cocaine, food.... People come to love and trust the object/event to meet their needs and push away anything or anyone that interferes with that bond. (Family)? Individuals are attracted initially to the object because it makes them "feel good" and forget about life for a while. What is the end result? Individuals become hooked on a cycle of passion and unfulfilled intimacy They find that they have no control over their feelings, external events, and their relationships with those most important to them.

Observational Learning

Learning a new behavior by watching another person and the consequences of their behavior

Acculturation

Learning and adopting dominant culture thro accomodation and assimilation

Pavlov Classical Conditioning

Learning takes place when reflexive behavior comes under the control of a novel stimulus in the environment

Drug Abuse

Less severe than drug dependence with less chance of withdrawal symptoms, but continued use in spite of undesirable consequences

Kohlberg's Moral Development

Level 1: Pre-Conventional- based on individual perspective Level 2: Conventional Morality- member of society perspecitive Level 3: Post-Conventional- autonomous level- identification of universal moral principles

cross-era transition

Levinson's term for a fundamental turning point in the life cycle, lasting about five years, during which one is terminating a major era and entering a succeeding one.

life structure

Levinson's term for the overall pattern or design of a person's life, usually composed of two major areas of choice and commitment.

Bipolar Medications

Lithium, Tegretol, Depakote, Lamictal

Mesosystems

Looks at the interaction between the settings the developing person participates and how the interaction of the two affects the person. (ex. look at the interaction of school-church and see how they affect the person, or school and home and see how they affect the person); level of Brofenbrenner's ecology.

Menopause effects and therapies

Lower levels of estrogen are also associated with mood fluctuations, hot flashes, and night sweats. Hormone therapies have been developed combat the side effects. Include estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) - normally with hysterectomies, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in which both estrogen and progesterone are given. Controversy - HRT risks if administered late may increase chance for Alzheimers, but if early may reduce chance. ERT has show to increase risk of breast cancer and blood clots

Id

Lustful or drive-ridden part of the unconscious

Equilibrium

Maintain balance of force w/in a group

Bipolar 2

Major Depressive Symptoms with one Hypomanic Episode (Manic symptoms at a less severe intensity

CM Research

Majority based on operant conditioning models with strong empirical support. A substantial proportion of patients do not respond to it.

Direct Influence

Make timely decisions, give advice, give direction.

Substance Dependence

Maladaptive pattern of drug use with increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, compulsive use, or behavior problem

Andragogy

Malcolm Knowles described the process of teaching adults which involves the self-directed nature (autonomy) of adults, recognizes the adult's life experiences, and moves the learner toward practical applications of the learned information.

Feigning physical or psychological symptoms motivated by the desire to assume the sick role is referred to as?

Malingering

Feigning physical symptoms to gain some external benefits (e.g., disability benefits) is referred to as?

Malingering

Public Health Treatment

Manifests itself in the availability of treatments for addiction, including those who do not have insurance.

Experimental group designs

Many kinds of control groups, most common is "no treatment" groups; others include wait-list, minimal contact. Comparison of experimental and control group before treatment and after treatment

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy

Marsha Linehan Primarily used with clients diagnosed Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment is a combination of behavioral and cognitive therapies that incorporates mindfullness. Includes both individual and group components Interpersonal effectiveness, distrust tolerance, emotion regulation

Ability to Successfully interact with the environment is called?

Mastery-Competence

Identity Diffusion

May or may not have experienced a crisis period: his hallmark is a lack of commitment: he has neither decided upon an occupation nor is much concerned about it; Cr-No Co-No; Marcia

conscientiousness

McCrae and Costa's trait representing self-discipline, organization, ambition, and achievement.

Under Selective Social Welfare Prog's, Prog's are generally _____- ______ or ______-______ in that prog eligibility & the amt of benefits is based on the client's or family's household income level & economic situation.

Means-Tested & Income-Tested

This concept is known as the degree to which certain findings cluster or group together by determining the Average.

Measure of Central Tendency

A measure of change for a given variable compared to other variables is known as (e.g., up/down)

Measure of Variability (MofV)

Thiamine (B vitamin)- IM or IV helps to block alcohol absorption and improves mental status, Anti-anxiety- Ativan and Librium, Seizure meds-Dilantin or Valium, Isotonic IV fluids, Multivitamin

Medical treatments for withdrawal

Korsakoff's Syndrome

Memory loss caused by the long term abuse of alcohol.

Infidelity

Men 25-75% Women 15-50% -Risk Factors for either partner include: >New career stress/ job change >Traveling extensively alone >Depression linked with a failure >Work monotony or fatigue >Pregnancy or birth of a new child >Children demanding attention >Death of a parent, child, sibling, or friend >Accidents/illness >Children leaving home >Moving, major lifestyle changes, buying a new home, etc

Structural Family Theory

Minuchin Families have an underlying organization that is adaptive or maladaptive. Maladaptive patterns of interaction lead to symptoms. Role of therapist is to identify the maladaptive patterns and make structural changes Techniques: joining, evaluating family structure, restructuring, enactment, reframing

What are the three object needs according to Self Psychology?

Mirroring, Idealization and Twinning

The work of cognitive theory address Mis-______, ______ thoughts ______ beliefs.

Misconceptions, irrational thoughts & false beliefs.

Middle Stage

More emphasis on resolving the problems, and making changes in feelings, behaviors, or ways of thinking.

African American family

Multigenerational family systems. Strong kinship bonds, including extended families and relatives without blood ties. Informal adoption of children by extended family members. Focus on nurturing and social development of children.

Dissociative identity disorder

Multiple Personality Disorder - 2 or more personalities existis

Somatoform Disorders

Multiple physical/somatic symptoms with no organic findings - not explained medically. Distress, impair functioning in social or work areas.

reverses the CNS depressant effects. Need to watch for withdrawal **(rhinitis, yawning, sneezing, watery eyes, goose flesh, muscle cramps, and decreased appetite**

Narcan (Naloxone) (almost immediate response and withdrawal from drug)

age-irrelevant society

Neugarten's term referring to the fact that, because of changes in biological and social aging, chronological age has become an inadequate indicator of psychological development; thus its significance has lessened, along with the power of age norms to govern behavior.

Skinner's fixed interval

No matter what you are getting it at a fixed time. Ex: paycheck

This category of measurement is two or more variables (e.g., male/female, high/low, pass/fail) & known as?

Nominal

Buspar

Non-sedative anti-anxiety and non-addictive Good for generalized anxiety disorder

An infant and mother are one

Normal symbiotic stage

Two individuals in a group share their struggles with battling with cancer, these individuals are in which stage of group therapy?

Norming/Intimacy

Winkler et al

Noticed ex addicts got withdrawal symptoms even if they no longer felt them when returning to places associated with their drug use.

ICU setting with 1:1 Airway management Cardiac monitoring Know sign and symptoms of overdose and withdrawal Safety Possible restraints Seizure precautions Orientation to reality Lavage Mag-citrate Charcoal

Nursing interventions for OD

The infant internalizes her/his mother and begins to understand her/his mother still exists for her/him despite her absence is which sub-stage?

Object Constancy Sub-stage

Ability to successfully interact with other people is called?

Object Relations

Generalization

Observed when a conditioned response solicited by stimuli similar to the original CS

Modeling

Observing the behavior of a model and then later imitating that behavior

Oral traits

Obsessive eating, smoking, drinking, sarcasm, overly demanding, aggressiveness

Observer or researcher bias

Occurs when the expectations of the researcher influence what is recorded or measured

Negative correlation

Occurs when there is an inverse relationship between the variables measured; as the value of one increases, the value of the other decreases.

During the Phallic Stage, a boy becomes jealous of his father & competes w/ him for his mother's affection, attention & love. What does Freud refer to this as?

Oedipus Complex

Vygotsky

Offered a sociocultural theory of cognitive development

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Often referred to as a "hysterical personality" or "hysteric," this disorder is characterized by overly dramatic or exaggerated behavior with the goal of receiving attention or excitement. Suicide threats, expressions of helplessness and dependence, and manipulative gestures are common to this personality disorder.

Older Client Has Grown Children

Often these clients abuse prescription medications. If the older adult is living with grown children even greater complications occur - children are effected, marital relationships, and elder maltreatment may occur.

Schizophrenia Medications

Old Antipsychotics: Haldol, Thorazine, Mellaril, Stelazine, Prolixin, Navane, Clozaril; Newer or atypical: Clozaril, Risperdal, Seroquel, Olanzapine, Abilify

Line Item

One item in the budget; normally compared with the previous year's item in determining how much to allocate for the year being developed

agreeableness

One of McCrae and Costa's five personality traits; represents the degree to which a person is compassionate, good-natured, cooperative, and motivated to avoid conflict.

openness

One of McCrae and Costa's personality traits; refers to an individual's receptiveness to new ideas and experiences.

neuroticism

One of the five traits in McCrae and Costa's model of personality development, it has to do with how likely an individual is to experience unpleasant, disturbing emotions and their corresponding thoughts and actions.

Autistic Disorder

Onset before 3 years of delays abnormal in social interaction, language for social communication, or symbolic or imaginative play.

Systems are classified as either _______ or _______ Systems.

Open & Closed

Systems that are accepting of input from outside environmental sources & are willing to change accordingly are known as ______ ______?

Open Systems

Steady State

Open system remain constant but in continuous exchange

Types of behavior

Operant Behavior - Controlled by consequences of bheavior. Actions precede or follow behavior need to be changed. Behavior can be extinguished by ignoring tantrum - Skinner is operant theorist. Respondent Behavior - Behavior elicited by specific stimulus - desensitized to the stimuli (phobias) Flooding - Used by behaviorists in treatment of anxiety. Model of extinction of conditional avoidance behavior by exposing for prolonged period of time Systematic Desentiization - Gradual process of being led thro images, pictures, that enable to discuss and cope with affect until reduced

methadone decreases the severity of withdrawal from opiates

Opiates- OD treatment

Seligman's Explanatory Style

Optimistic explanatory style - prevents helplessness Pessimistic explanatory style - spreads helplessness from to many learned helplessness incidents

The five psychosexual stages of development are? (Orphan Annie Pretty Little Girl)

Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

Adult Personality Types

Oral, Anal, Phallic Personality types

Five Stages of psychosexual development

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital Freud - first three most important

What is the age ranges for the 5 psychosexual stages of development? (Orphan Annie Pretty Little Girl)

Oral: 0 - 1.5yrs old Anal: 1.5 - 3yrs old Phallic: 3 - 6yrs old Latency: 6 - 12yrs old Genital: 12yrs to Adulthood

This category of measurement is relative & based upon each other, (e.g., 1st, 2nd, 3rd) & known as?

Ordinal

Boundaries

Organization by which the parts of a system cna be differentiated from the enviornemnt in which the system exists. Protects the integrity of the family as a whole, subsystem, and family members.

Family Preservation

Organized programs to provide the needed resources (i.e. therapy, education, parenting & relationship skills training, support, health care, etc.) to keep families intact and avoid the loss of children through foster placement, abandonment, running away, and juvenile incarceration.

Moral Model

Originated during the temperance movement of the early 20th century. This model views addiction as a choice, "the result of willful overindulgence and moral degradation that can be cured with willpower and a desire to abstain" (Erickson, 2005, pgs. 87-88). Addictive Disorders viewed as: Morally weak individuals Sinful practices Solved by one's own decision (desire) to stop drinking/drugging (willpower) Basic tenets of this model: The emphasis on personal choice as the basis of addiction Individual and obstinate violation of societal norms The idea that individuals lack spiritual direction

Female growth spurt

Ovaries secrete increased amount of estrogen which triggers production of GH. Hormones stimulate development of breasts, pubic hair, Uterus, and vagina. Increase in fat storage. Estrogen and progesterone also control the menstrual cycle in females. The adrenal glands, which produce adrenaline, also contribute to bone and muscle growth and physical maturation. Females reach full height by 16, Four years ahead of males.

CNS depression with increasing dose Mild agitation Increased HR and BP* Nystagmus Decreased response to painful stimuli* Increased reflexes Increased strength--very dangerous!! Pupillary constriction with blank stare

PCP

paralyze/intubate, give dilantin and ascorbic acid (vit C)-decreases the pH and makes them acidotic and increases the excretion of PCP

PCP- OD treatment

Systemic Family Therapy

Palazzoli and Milan School - Symptoms serve a function within dysfunctional families where a member is sacrificed to maintain the family structure.

This cognitive approach technique is used to make the client aware of & continue the behavior that is causing anxiety (i.e., fear of public speaking) & to provide the client w/ a sense of control.

Paradoxical Direction (Directive)

Personality Disorder

Paranoid Projection histrionic Dissociation Borderline Splitting, Acting out, Projective Identification

COMBINE Results

Patients receiving medication management with naltrexone, CBI, or both had better outcomes. No empirical support for acamprosate. Meeting with health care professional had positive effect above CBI only conditions.

Hispanic/Latino family structure

Patriarchal family structure. Male has greater power and authority. High value placed on male characteristics (machismo). Traditional gender roles. Patrilineal descent is traced through a person's second to last name. When a woman marries, she legally retains her maiden name which is used on official documents.

Asian/Pacific Islander family roles

Patriarchal system in which a wife has very low status and is subservient to her father, husband and oldest son. Filial piety, obligation to parents and respect for elders.

Conduct Disorder

Pattern of behavior where rights and property are violated. Rules and norms are ignored, aggressive and destructive of property.

Dependent PD

Pattern of dependent and submissive behavior, lack confidence, unable to function independently, seeks others to assume responsability for life. Cluster C

What is a positive feedback loop?

Patterns of interactions that facilitate change

What is a negative feedback loop?

Patterns of interactions that maintain constancy

1.13 a.

Payment for Services (a) When setting fees, social workers should ensure that the fees are fair, reasonable, and commensurate with the services performed. Consideration should be given to clients' ability to pay.

Classical conditioning

People become addicted to certain behaviours because they associate them with some kind of pleasant sensation. Stimuli that precede or occur at the same time as a learned stimulus may become secondary reinforcers.

Positive reappraisal/ emotion focused coping

People focus on the good of what is happening or has happened

Kelly's construct theory

People formulate hypothesis about the environment and test them against reality. Dualistic

Creation of positive events

People produce psychological time out by finding the positive meaning in ordinary events

Substance abuse and trauma

People who have substance abuse issues and trauma have worse outcomes that people with just trauma issues.

Hallucinations

Perceptions not founded in reality.

Obsessive Compulsive PD

Perfectionism, inflexible. Limited ability to show positive emotions, overconcern for trivial details, submit to others, preoccupied with work, miserly with money.

3.03

Performance Evaluation Social workers who have responsibility for evaluating the performance of others should fulfill such responsibility in a fair and considerate manner and on the basis of clearly stated criteria.

Delusional Disorder

Persistant Delusion. Hallucinations are absent or not prominent. Persecutory Type (delusion that one is malevolently treated) Jealous Type (sexual partner is unfaithful) Erotomanic Type (someone is in love with the delusional person) Somatic Type (physical defect or disease) Grandiose Type (Great but unrecongized talent, has made discovery, or prominent person or close to prominent person)

Axis II

Personality disorders and mental retardation

Freud and Iceberg

Personality is like an iceberg. Most of personality exists below the level of awareness just as most of an iceberg is hidden beneath the surface of water

Psychodynamic theory

Personality is mainly unconscious

Paranoid PD

Pervasive and interpreting of actions of others as demeaning or threatening - No psychotic symptoms (differential diagnosis) Cluster A

Complex Trauma

Pervasive impact, including developmental consequences. Exposure often leads to a chain of events that results in trauma in adulthood.

Constructivism

Piaget position on learning. Children construct schema, organized patterns of thought or action, Based on the experiences that they have actively exploring the environment

According to Skinner all Behaviors can be elicited or eliminated through ______ or _____ reinforcement.

Positive & Negative

One way of increasing the likelihood & frequency of a specific behavior will occur by presenting a reward or _____ _____ .

Positive Reinforcement

the combined effects of two (2) drugs resulting in an impact greater than either one alone.

Potentiation- (Short answer content- how does it impact nursing?

During this stage of group development the roles of group members are formed, for instance one or more members take control and assume leadership.

Power & Control

Workers Intervention and development

Power and control stage; limit setting, use of program, clarify Intimacy stage, handle transference, rivalries, degree of uncovering Differentiation stages, clarify differential and cohesive process, group autonomy. Seperation - focus on evaluation, handeling ambivelance, new resources

The infant separates from the caretaker and her /his autonomous ego function becomes more apparent is which sub-stage?

Practicing

The stage of group development, group members get acquainted with one another and are looking to the SW for direction.

Preaffiliation

What are the stages of group development?

Preaffiliation - Forming Power and Control - Storming Intimacy - Norming Differentiation - Performing Separation/Termination - Adjourning

This type of Validity is where a measurement is compared with some predicted future outcome.

Predicted Validity

Positive Expectancies

Predicts attendance over and above measures of intention to attend 12 step program meetings.

Feelings or thoughts about various minority groups based upon perceived values, normative judgements, and negative inferences or stereotypes about such groups is defined as?

Prejudice

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Preoccupation with imagined defect in appearance

Middle Phase - Issues of decision making

Primary to stimulate growth of individuals and group as distinguished from pemphasis on task efficiency, experience essence of making choices, meet needs thro problem mastery, subordinate wishes and desires to larger whole, perceive transferability to other situations.

1.07 a.

Privacy & Confidentiality Respect clients' right to confidentiality, not solicit private information unless it is essential to providing services.

4.03

Private Conduct Social workers should not permit their private conduct to interfere with their ability to fulfill their professional responsibilities.

Asian/Pacific Islander effective approaches

Problem focused, goal oriented and symptom relieving approaches. A psycho-educational approach is congruent with cultural values. Use of indigenous social supports and resources. In family therapy, encouraging parents and children to communicate openly and freely may conflict with traditional values; children may be perceived as 'talking back' and insolent.

Universalization

Problems normalized or presented as human condition.

This type of prog eval also known as a "formative evaluation," evaluates a prog during a specific point in time under specific conditions (e.g., planning stage through implementation of prog).

Process Oriented

Identification

Process where individual becomes another person in one or several respects.

Ovaries

Produce estrogen and progesterone

A defense mechanism by which an individual attributes their own self hatred to others

Projection

This Defense Mechanism is taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people is known as?

Projection

This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client takes unacceptable & undesirable parts of their own personality & attributes them to another person is defined as?

Projection

What defense mechanisms are common in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder?

Projective Identification, Splitting

CNS Depressants. a. This is the most dangerous withdrawal syndrome. Abrupt withdrawal may be life-threatening. b. General manifestation is CNS hyperactivity manifested at levels of the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and brainstem, with potential for uncontrolled CNS stimulation. 2. CNS Stimulants. a. Symptoms may not be obvious systemically. b. General manifestation is at the neurotransmitter level. c. Symptoms commonly manifested in subjective feelings, psychological realm. 3. Narcotics. a. Least life-threatening withdrawal. b. Symptoms are dramatic, temporarily disabling, and painful. c. General manifestation is a rebound excitability in organs depressed by the drugs. d. Typical symptoms. (1) Stomach cramps. (2) GI upset. (3) Diaphoresis. (4) Lacrimation. (5) Rhinorrhea. (6) Diarrhea. (7) Mydriasis. (8) Gooseflesh. (9) Yawning. (10) Backache. (11) Muscle aches.

REVIEW THESE PHYSIOLOGICALS

Entropy

Randomness, chaos, or disorder in a system, causing the system to lose energy faster that it creates or imports it.

Zone of proximal development

Range of performance on a particular task a child is capable of doing. Lowest level is when the child is working alone. The upper limit appears when the child is working with a more skilled other.

Prior to assessment the SW should establish _____ & _____.

Rapport & Trust

The infant begins to want to act independently is which substage?

Rapprochement

An toddler becomes fearful of strangers is an example of

Rapprochment

This category of measurement is a scale with an absolute zero, (e.g., a score of 50 is 1/2 of 100) & known as?

Ratio

Cognitive theorist, Albert Ellis developed what type of cognitive behavior theory also known as ABC theory of emotion?

Rational Emotive Therapy

An individual who is angry with her sister acts excessively sweet to sisters, this is an example of which defense mechanism?

Reaction Formation

Replacement of some painful or negative event with the complete opposite is called?

Reaction Formation

Somatization Disorder

Recurrent or multiple somatic complaints of several years

Echolalia

Recurring parroting of words or sounds. Normal phase in language development (9 to 12 months). When it occurs later in life, it is seen as maladaptive and can often be found in various types of schizophrenia.

Supporting or sustaining

Reduce anxiety, poor self-esteem, low self confidence. The worker expresses self-esteem in client, interest in and acceptance of the client with a desire to help. Uitlize interest, listening, acceptance, honesty, and encouragement.

Behavior Modification

Reduce symptoms of a problem, leading to learning positive behaviors. Pavlov (classical conditioning - early). Skinner, Thorndike, Watson, Dollard and Miller, Thomas (Behavior Modification Theory and Operant Conditioning). Bandura (observing, imitating, modeling - Social Learning Theory).

2.06 a.

Referral for Services (a) Social workers should refer clients to other professionals when the other professionals' specialized knowledge or expertise is needed to serve clients fully or when social workers believe that they are not being effective or making reasonable progress with clients and that additional service is required.

Gender Assignment

Refers to initial assignment as male or female, usually occurs at BIRTH

Grief

Refers to the suffering caused by a loss or a death

Losing of some aspect of development already achieved due to anxiety causing a person to revert to a previously attained stage or lower level of adaption is called?

Regression

Returning to an earlier stage of psychosexual development is called?

Regression

________ are defined as the presentation of a positive or negative stimulus following a behavior in order to increase the probability of its occurrence.

Reinforcers

Skinner's successive approximations (Shaping)

Reinforcers behaviors in successive stages that more close approximate the final desired behavior. How he explained more complex behavior

The therapist asks that family members no longer label the 7 year old who tantrums daily as the troublemaker. In strategic family therapy, this is an example of

Relabeling

Hogarth

Relapse occurs when conditioned cues are presented to smokers

Fight or flight

Relationship between stress and hormone secretions in the body. Blood flow shifts from the core of the body to extremities causing decrease in blood pressure and increase in heart rate.

Results obtained consistently from the same study repeatedly is a measure of?

Reliability

Catharsis

Reliving and examining repressed, early life or traumatic experiences in treatment to achieve abreaction, relase of tension or anxiety caused by conflict and repression.

Skinner's negative punishment

Remove a pleasant stimulus. Ex: lose tv privileges

Skinner's negative reinforcement

Remove an undesired behavior by giving in. Ex: giving baby bottle to stop crying

Reaction Formation

Replacement in conscious awareness of painful idea or feeling by its opposite.

Macrosystems

Represents the widely shared beliefs and values of the society as a whole; level of Brofenbrenner's ecology.

Psychoanalysts believe that behaviors are shaped by?

Repressed Childhood Memories & Experiences

Freud believed that thoughts & ideas that create anxiety or distress are pushed from the conscious to the unconscious. This process is referred to as?

Repression

Pushing a negative or painful image, thought, or idea out of consciousness to avoid the associated pain and also known at the primary defense mechanism is called?

Repression

The pushing of negative or painful image, thought or idea out of the unconsciousness & considered the primary defense mechanism is called?

Repression

Experiment

Requires that the researcher systematically manipulate and control one or more variables and then observe how the research subjects or participants respond to this manipulation.

Skinner's fixed ratio

Response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses

endocrine system

Responsible for managing hormone levels in the bloodstream. Consist of a number of glands.

Avoidant Attachment

Result from unresponsive, sometimes rejecting caregivers, these infants appear to get no comfort or security from the caregiver; Find it difficult to trust others, fear intimacy and describe relationships as involving jealous and a lack of acceptance .

Zygote

Result of fertilization. Takes place in the fallopian tube travels to the uterus to embed in the uterine wall

Regression

Retreat to earlier phase of development

This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client does to themselves what they would like to do, to another person is defined as?

Retroflection

Single subject designs

Reversal design (ABA) Baseline-treastment-withdrawal of treatment. Does dependent variable return to baseline (pre-treatment) level?

Regression

Reversion to immature patterns of behavior

Positive reinforcement

Reward or rewarding condition that is experienced after a behavioral response increasing the probability that the response will be repeated under the same stimulus conditions in the future

Group Counseling

Rogers Non-directive, client centered therapy advanced by Carl Rogers. Confidence in capacity of individuals to grow toward self-actualization, healthy, and homeostasis. Unstructured format, lead by strong acceptance. Leaders provide relating and restating.

Parental inconsistency

Rule setting is erratic, enforcement is inconsistent, and family structure is inadequate. This creates a sense of confusion in the children .

Culture Bound Syndromes should always be _____ _____ first & should NOT be _____.

Ruled Out & Diagnosed

Lexapro

SSRI antidepressant (escitalopram)

Prozac

SSRI antidepressant (fluoxetine)

Luvox

SSRI antidepressant (luvoxamine)

Paxil

SSRI antidepressant (paroxetine)

CNS Depressants. a. Feelings and manifestations of anxiety and irritability. b. Severe reactions include disorientation, delirium, paranoia, and violence. c. Protracted syndrome may occur, lasting at least three weeks, with a wide range of symptoms. 2. CNS Stimulants. a. Manifestations are due to neurotransmitter derangement. b. Three temporally-related phases are described. (1)."Crash": 9-96 hours, with a range of manifestations. (a) Depression → Increased depression → Hypersomnolence. (b) Agitation → Fatigue. (c) High drug craving → Low drug craving → Hyperphagia. (2) Withdrawal: 8-10 weeks. (a) Anhedonia, anergia, and anxiety. (b) High cocaine craving. (3) Extinction: Indefinite. (a) Episodic craving. (b) Potential for relapse. 3. Narcotics. a. Similar to mild depressant withdrawal. b. May have protracted withdrawal syndrome and disturbances of mood and sleep for weeks to months (research evidence inconclusive).

STUDY THESE PSYCH

Structural Family therapy

Sal Minuchin - Stregthen boundaries around subsystem when enmeshed or increase flexability when overly rigid. Families can create a hierarchy when parents are at the apex of this hierarchy.

Experiential Family Therapy

Satir, bateson, Jackson, Haley primary purpose of symptoms as being the maintenance of homeostasis in the family. Primary goal of therapy is to alter the interactional patterns that maintain the presenting symptoms

develops negative behaviors

Scapegoat-*

Relational Model

Schiller proposed a five stage relational group development model. Preaffiliation: Establish a Relational base; Mutuality and Interpersonal Empathy; Challenge and Change; Separation adn Termination. First and Fifth are same as Boston Model

Reciprocal Interaction or Mediating Model

Schwartz, Zalba, Gitterman, Shulman 1) Mediator and is not defined as therapist. Partcipates in network of reciprocal relationships. Workers are not agents of agency, but goals are derived mutually throw use of contracting process. Force of change is the interaction and insight of group members, and are viewed as a mutual aid society Intervention: Prep for entry: sensitized to client's self-doubt, fear of new situations, new demands, no diagnosis si made but helps group visualize future work Beg: engages group in contracting, and establish expectations for work. Clear understanding of purpose, agencies services, workers role, consensus on work to be accomplished, partilization of tasks, establish group rules and procedures. Demand work Middle: Search for common ground, detect and challenge obstacles, contribute data, share visions of work, define limits End: Sensitive to reactions, focus on and learn from experience, review pos and neg exp., consider new beginnings.

Embryo Stage

Second to eighth week after conception. The embryo is only about 1 inch long by the end of this stage. Most vital organs and bodily systems begin to form. Major birth defects are often due to problems that occurr during this stage. The amniotic sac, a fluid-filled sac that surrounds the embryo, protects and provides a constant temperature for the embryo.

Growth hormone

Secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates physical growth and development.

Testosterone

Secreted by the testes which stimulates the development of male reproductive organs in the fetus and inhibits the development of the female reproductive organs.

Divergent thinking

Seek alternative solutions or possible

Id

Seeks immediate gratification of desires regardless of consequences

Group Comp and Membership Concerns

Selecting members: Explain reasons for meeting with group applicants; Elicit client's reactions to group participation, assess clien'ts situation by engaging cl in expressing views of situation; worker determines client's appropriatenss for group, accepts cl's right to refuse membership, and provides orietnation if accepted. Commonality-share concerns and face common issues Size - Large enough to offer diversity and vitality, but small enough to provide opporutnity for full participation w/o fragmentation Heterogeneity vs homogeneity - Enough to provide stability and generate vitality. Focus on socialization and development issues or learning new tasks (homogeneous) Focus on disciplinary issues or dviance are more likely to be heterogeneous Group composition and purpose are influenced or determined by agency goals

Ethical Standard 1.02

Self Determination Clients identify and clarify their own goals. Self determination rights are limited when in the social worker's professional judgment, the clients' actions or potential actions pose a serious, forseeable, and imminent risk to themselves or others.

Twinning with an alter ego is a concept of which theory?

Self Psychology

Heinz Kohut is best known for the development of _____________?

Self-Psychology

Elected Families

Self-identified and joined by choice No ties of blood, marriage, or law. Emancipated youth who live with peers Godparents and other non-biologically related people who have an emotional tie (i.e. fictive kin) Homosexual Couples (and minor children all living under the same roof)

Topographical Theory : Consciousness Frued

Sensation due to stimuli from outer world Sensations due to inner events (thoughts, emotions, memories) Reality principal functioning

Gender Identity Development

Sense of "maleness" or "femaleness" -It is not necessarily related to sexual orientation Develops from: -Family -Peers and others -Cultural phenomena -Inner sense or "knowing" -Biological sex Man, genderqueer, woman

Ethnic Identity

Sense of belong to identifiable group, having historical continuity, sense of common customes, and mores transmitted over generations

The stage of development that involves an infant using her/his senses and motor functions to understand the world is?

Sensorimotor

Piaget believed that all individuals are born with schemas or ___________ & ____________ abilities.

Sensorimotor & Congitive

Piaget's 4 stages of Cognitive development are?

Sensorimotor (birth - 2yrs) Pre-Operational (2 - 7yrs) Concrete Operational (7 -11yrs) Formal Operational (11 - 15yrs)

During this stage, the group reviews its goals & addresses issues related to loss and termination of the group.

Separation

Collaborative therapy

Seperate therapist sess each spouse or member of the family.

Margaret Mahler

Seperation-individualization Autisitic - 1st month - infant focused on self and incapable of investing in others Symbiotic 1 to 5 months - infant breaks out of shell, understands mothers existance as seperate being, and feeling of unity with mother

weirneike/ Krockoff syndrome

Serious thiamine deficiency causes ataxia, somnolence, diplopia, stupor, ocular paralysis, confuision, loss of recent memory, confabulation. Treatment is thiamine replacement.

Core Values

Service Social Justice Dignity and worth of the person Importance of human relationships Integrity Competence

1.11

Sexual Harassment Social workers should not sexually harass clients. Sexual harassment includes sexual advances, sexual solicitation, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

2.08

Sexual Harassment Social workers should not sexually harass supervisees, students, trainees, or colleagues. Sexual harassment includes sexual advances, sexual solicitation, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

Inter-related Factors of Sexuality

Sexual Orientation Sexual Identity Gender Identity Sexual Behavior

1.09

Sexual Relationships a. Social workers will not have sex with current clients. b. Social worker will not engage in sexual activities with individuals the clients maintain a close personal relationship when there is a potential for exploitation of the client. c. Social workers should not engage in sexual activities with former clients. d. Social workes should not provide clinical services to individuals with whom they have had a prior sexual relationship.

2.07

Sexual Relationships (a) Social workers who function as supervisors or educators should not engage in sexual activities or contact with supervisees, students, trainees, or other colleagues over whom they exercise professional authority. (b) Social workers should avoid engaging in sexual relationships with colleagues when there is potential for a conflict of interest.

Libido

Sexual energy

Asian/Pacific Islander cultural norms

Shame, shaming, loss of face, and obligation to others are mechanisms for reinforcing cultural norms.

Influence of Environment

Social Roles have been found to influence alcohol consumption. It has been shown that one's social role greatly influences whether he/she becomes addicted to alcohol/drugs. Age Gender Employment status Marital status Transition between these roles Parental and Sibling Use - Social Learning Theory says individuals model behaviors by observing others. Admiring the older sibling - watching their use can lead to use and/or abuse. Influence of parental substance abuse Peer substance abuse Sociological Theory - Addiction typically does not occur in a vacuum . Investigates interaction between individual and their environment. One must understand the client's social roles, culture, family of origin, and peer relationships, and how those influence the origination and maintenance of addictive disorders.

This act in passed in 1935 est a public trust fund or social insurance prog that pays retirement, permanent disability & family & survivors benefits.

Social Security

6.01

Social Welfare Social workers should promote the general welfare of society, from local to global levels, and the development of people, their communities, and their environments.

6.04

Social and Political Action (a) Social workers should engage in social and political action that seeks to ensure that all people have equal access to the resources, employment, services, and opportunities they require to meet their basic human needs and to develop fully. (b) Social workers should act to expand choice and opportunity for all people, with special regard for vulnerable, disadvantaged, oppressed, and exploited people and groups. (c) Social workers should promote conditions that encourage respect for cultural and social diversity within the United States and globally. (d) Social workers should act to prevent and eliminate domination of, exploitation of, and discrimination against any person, group, or class on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, or mental or physical disability.

Avoidant PD

Social discomfort, fear of negative evaluation, timid, sensitivity to social rejection, fear social relationships, withdrawl depise desire for closeness, lose self-esteem. Cluster C

Asperger's Disorder

Social impairment and restricted behaviors and interests, but with normal language and cognitive development.

The PIE system examines:

Social role functioning, the environment, mental health and physical health

Substance Abuse

Social role, legal, or medical problems due to drug use

Spitz

Social stimulation is important for infant growth. Infants deprived become apathetic, physically ill or die (Marasmius) First 3 months, infant moves from visceral perception to use of eyes and ears to develop reliable smile By 8 months - infant has achieved second level of organization, demonstrated by increased levels of anxiety when in presence of stranger By about 14 months - achieve semantic communication, demonstrate ability to say no (sign of independnet thinking)

1.04 b.

Social workers should provide services in substantive areas or use interventions techniques or approaches that are new to them only after engaging in appropriate study, training, consultation, and supervision from people who are competent in those interventions or techniques.

1.05 c.

Social workes should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression.

Bandura

Social-cognitive theory of learning (social learning theory)

age norms

Socially defined standards or expectations of behavior based on age.

A _________ chart or diagram often used to graphically depict the relationship between group members.

Sociogram

4.07

Solicitations (a) Social workers should not engage in uninvited solicitation of potential clients who, because of their circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence, manipulation, or coercion. (b) Social workers should not engage in solicitation of testimonial endorsements (including solicitation of consent to use a client's prior statement as a testimonial endorsement) from current clients or from other people who, because of their particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence.

Problem Solving

Solve discrete problems based on psychosocial and functional approaches. Erik Erikson (capacity for change t/o life), Robert White (coping, adaptation, and mastery of enviornment), Heinz Hartmann (use of conflict-free ego) - Pscyhodynamic theorists Social science theory - John Dewey (Role theory, problem solving theory)

Piaget's Devlopmental Stages

Stage 1: Sensorimotor (birth-2 years) 6 substages that are the precursors to intelligence Stage 2: Pre-operational (2-7 years) think more about the actions to take with objects. Develop imagination. Stage 3: Concrete Operations (7-11 years) able to reason, understands conservation Stage 4: Formal Operations (11-adulthood if attained) Able to reason in the abstract

Discontinuity (stage) vs Continuity

Stage is qualitative

Erikson's psychosocial stages of development

Stage theory that personality continues to develop over the entire lifespan. Did not stress unconscious motives or desires. However, like Freud, did feel that events that occur early in development can leave a permanent mark on later development.

This measurement of variability is the dispersion of scores around the central tendency & usually defines the normal distribution or "bell curve."

Standard Deviation around the Mean

A measure of a strong relationship between the target (Dependent) & intervention (Independent) variables as determined by running a TS & where the Ho is rejected is known as?

Statistical Significance (defined as a p-value)

Continuity theories

Steady growth process

Sequential strengths and weaknesses

Strengths: has the strength of both the cross-sectional and longitudinal methods and can also measure birth cohort effects. Weaknesses: time-consuming and expensive. May have the problem of subject drop-out.

Case study strengths and weaknesses

Strengths: intensive information can be gathered about individuals. Weaknesses: cannot determine cause-and-affect. Expensive and time-consuming. May not be able to generalize information gathered to others. Biased sample possible.

Survey strengths and weaknesses

Strengths: large amounts of information can be gathered from many people in a relatively short period of time. Weaknesses: cannot determine cause-and-effect. Biased sample possible. Response bias possible. Survey questions might not be reliable or valid.

Trait Theory

Stresses the importance of understanding basic personality characteristics.

According to Individual Psychology, what is the main motivation for human behavior?

Striving for perfection

This treatment approach in family theory focuses on the interactions & relationships within the family systems & known as?

Structural Approach

Field experiment

Study that is conducted in the participants natural setting rather than the laboratory

Self-efficacy

Subjective judgment a person makes that he or she will be successful in the attempt to imitate a model

Sample

Subset of a population. All of the participants in a research study make up the sample.

developmental periods

Substage of the major developmental era in Levinson's model, usually lasting about five years; stable (structure-building) periods alternate with transitional (structure-changing) periods.

Involves the failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, and/or home results in DUI's, legal issues, disorderly conduct, & arguing with significant others is?

Substance Abuse

Involves the need for increased amounts of a substance to get intoxicated, presence of withdrawal & persistent desire or efforts to cut down or quit is?

Substance Abuse

the regular use of a drug for other than medical purposes

Substance abuse (drug)- (Short answer content)

Client is Part of a Blended Family

Substance abuse can intensify problems and become an impediment to a step family's integration and stability. Stepparents living in the household where adolescents abuse substances may resent the time and attention the other parent must give the struggling family member.

When a person replaces one feeling or emotion for another is called?

Substituation

Reflexes with survival value

Sucking reflex and eye blink reflex. Evolutionary psychologist considered other newborn reflexes to be remnants of behaviors that were adapted during earlier times but no longer contribute to revival

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Sudden onset and duration less than a month

Behavioral Couples Therapy

Support for the benefits may be beyond substance use outcomes. Includes increased family adjustment and reduction of intimate partner violence.

Managed Care

Symptom focused, clearly defined, effective interventions. Short-term, time-limited, single session groups. Construcutred around precise goals, fit managed care criteria. Goals have expectations that members take increased responsability for change and transfer benefits they gain outside of group. strucutred to follow development stages with stage-specific interventions.

Dementia

Symptoms with multiple possibilities of cause which involve a progressive decline in mental functioning resulting from injury or disease in the brain. Areas affected include memory, attention, language, and problem solving. Late decline includes disorientation in time, space and nonrecognition of familiar people.

Homeostatis

System will make changes, adjustments, to maintain accostomed (same) balance.

This practice framework requires the SW to focus on the interplay between biological & social systems as they relate to human behavior are?

Systems Framework

This practice framework requires the SW to focus on the interplay between biological and social systems as they relate to human behavior are?

Systems Framework

CLASSIFICATION OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS

TABLE

Cognitive, behavioral & social learning theory all share what kind of theoretical approach?

Task Centered

Skills Training

Teaching patients to recognize situations or states in which they are more vulnerable to substance use, avoid high risk situations when possible, use a range of behavioral and cognitive strategies to cope effective with high risk situations.

This systems theory concept is defined as a disturbing factor or level of conflict and a good and necessary thing for systems to adapt.

Tension

What is the cycle of violence in intimate partner abuse?

Tension building, Battering, Loving-contrition

Maturation

Term used to describe a genetically programmed biological plan of development that is relatively independent of experience.

1.16 a.

Termination of Services (a) Social workers should terminate services to clients and professional relationships with them when such services and relationships are no longer required or no longer serve the clients' needs or interests.

Ending stage

Termination phase of treatment 1) Rework old, unfinished issues. Presenting problems reemerge at time of terminiation. Consolidate earlier gains made, do not continue with treatment for this reason. 2) Provide growth opportunity to cope with loss of ending. Identify feelings. Reconsider meaning of prior losses in client's life. 3) Evaluate treatment and relationship. Were goals met? What was effective, and not effective? What helped met treatment goals?

A decision factor computed from sample data that decides whether to accept the null Hypothesis or reject it in favor of the research hypothesis is known as?

Test Statistic (TS)

This type of test of reliability where a study is performed once & then performed again is known as?

Test-Retest

Purpose #2

The Code summarizes broad ethical principles that reflect the profession's core values and establishes a set of specific ethical standards that should be used to guide social work practice.

Ho is the Symbol for?

The Null Hypothesis or a statement that is opposite or contradicts the Ha

Psychoanalytic

The Personality Theory that emphasizes the importance of motive hidden deep in the unconsciousness.

Intoxication

The body's reaction to the ingestion of a foreign substance which affects the mental and physical capabilities of an organism. Drunkenness is the most common form of intoxication.

Germinal Stage

The first two weeks after conception. The zygote is a microscopic mass of multiplying cells. It travels down the Fallopian tub to an implant itself on the wall the uterus. The placenta (provides nourishment and allows waste to pass out the mother) begins to form. The umbilical cord carries nourishment from and waste to the placenta. Thin membranes keep fetal and maternal blood streams separate.

Facilitator Role

The function of the social worker in which the social worker stimulates change through the coordinating of various resources and the presentation of these resources to the client or group being helped.

Educator Role

The function of the social worker in which the social worker teaches clients needed adaptive skills.

Mobilizer Role

The function of the social worker in which the the social worker acts as a catalyst to encourage individuals and organizations to pool their resources for the purpose of reaching shared goals.

Cephalocaudal principle

The head-to-foot direction of motor development. Gain control of the upper before lower parts of their body

Chi Square

The method for estimating the difference in the expected values of a distribution from the actual observations; The outcome can be evaluated as to whether it is due to chance alone or not.

Collaboration

The process of coordinating services or therapy between two or more individuals for the purpose of serving a client (individual, family, group, or selected population). The professionals can be working within one organization or with some independence in multiple groups.

What groups are ...

They are not closed systems, but rely on their enviornment to survive. The process can be applied to external intergroup interactions and relationships. Fundamental is the degree to which behavior and experience w/in group is carried over into situations and relationships outside of group.

Trait information

Thousands of genes on the 46 chromosomes found in the nucleus of each cell of the human body

Assessment phase is usually considered the 1st part of _____?

Treatment

A tool used by SW's to assist in the development of client goals & monitoring of progress is?

Treatment Plan

Haldol or antipsychotic for hallucination Beta-blocker (inderal) for hypertensive crisis Valium to deal with anxiety Antidepressant

Treatment for cocaine/ meth withdrawal

Crisis Intervention

Treatment that is brief, reacting to crisis to re-establish equilibrium. Psychodynamic - Freud, Erikson, Rapoport, Hartmann (ego psych). Lindemann (loss and grief). Piaget (Intellectual Development). Social science - (Stress theory, family structure, role theory)

Family Therapy

Treats the whole family system, viewing the individual symptom as the problem of the family as a whole. Sal Minuchin (Structural Family Therapy). Jay Haley and Chloe Madanes (Strategic Family Therapy). Milan School and Palazzoli (Systemic Family Therapy). Nthan Ackerman, Don Jackson, Olga Silverstein (Psychodynamic). Murray Bowen (Bowen Family Systems Theory). Virginia Satir and Esalen Institute (Experiential Family Therapy).

Tofranil

Tricyclic antidepressant (imiprimine)

Alzheimer's

a degenerative process; spreads continuously to 3 regions of the brain in 3 stages

Fully Functioning Person

A person in which the organism and the self are one; is free to develop all of his potentialities

Bandura's Self-Efficacy

A person's belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

A procedure in which the various goals of an organization are evaluated by comparing cost (resources) to the goals achieved

Formative (Administrative Evaluation)

A process oriented evaluation which views a program as it evolves; needed changes for increased efficiency and effectiveness are implemented as a result of this evaluation

dyads

A relationship between two people who pay attention to or participate in each other's activities.

Alcoholics Anonymous

A resource for addicts to stop usage and stop relapse. Founded by Bill W. and Dr. Bob in Ohio based on religious program in Oxford Group. 6% of former users attend when quitting.

Collective Unconsciousness

A segment of Jungian theory which postulates a set of racial memories universal to the human race and transmitted by genes.

generative accomplishment

A sense of having achieved a generative goal.

developmental era

A series of four 25-year segments of the life cycle in Levinson's model of development; each era has its own psychosocial qualities, though it contributes to and is integrated with the whole (the eras partly overlap).

social role

A set of activities and relations expected of an individual who occupies a particular social position, and of others in relation to the individual.

functional community

A set of people or organizations which has shared goals or purposes toward outcomes held in common (i.e. education, religious, business)

Level of Significance

A statistical term used to describe the chances of an outcome occurring. A level of significance of .05 would predict that in 100 trials, a specified outcome would occur five times.

Democratic (Style of Leadership)

A style of leadership characterized by the leader asking subordinates for input and subsequently implementing policy based on the responses provided

organismic model

A view that stresses the natural unfolding of behavior according to a genetic blueprint; stresses the nature side of the nature-nurture debate.

Social Support

A vital factor for 12 step programs particularly for individuals who do not have a "sober" support system.

This test of statistical significance tests whether there is an actual and real difference between the means of two or more sample groups.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance or F Test)

CognitiveTherapy

Aaron Beck Common Thinking Errors Client's problems defined in cognitive terms Goal-oriented and problem-focused Largely educational, time limited Methods include: collaborative empiricism, socratic dialogue, guided discovery, decatstrophizing, reattribution training, decentering

Mood Disorders

Abnormal Mood, depressed or euphoric Symptoms: somatic, affective, cognative or behavioral Impact: psychological distress

Humanists

Abrahan Maslow, Carl Rogers

Orgasmic Disorder

Absence of orgasm following sexual excitement

What are the goals of treatment for substance Abuse?

Abstinence from substances, Maximizing life functioning, Preventing relapse

Alcohol Abuse vs. Alcohol Dependence

Abuse - involves use of alcohol in such a manner as to bring harm or threat of harm to oneself or another. Dependence - a pattern of alcohol use that causes impaired social functioning.

Integrity vs. Despair

Accept one's life, one's achievements, and people who have become signficiant Time is short to start another life, or test alternative roads to integrity, self critical, regret, fear of death

Resistance

Accept, recognize, and address own resistance if present. Worker accepts client's resistance, recognizing why it is present. Worker clarifies role and purpose. Worker explores reactions to resistance and strategizes on how to work with them.

1.08

Access to Records a. Social workers should provide clients with reasonable access to records concerning the client. b. When providing client access to a clients' records, social workers should take steps to protect the confidentialtiy of other individuals identified or discussed in such records.

Topographical Theory: Preconscious Freud

Accessibility to consciousness Includes a censor which blocks unconscious Operates according to reality principle

Clarification

Accomplished through questions, repeating, rephrasing material client brings up. Sensitive to defensiveness.

Task-Centered

Accomplishing tasks to reinforce self-esteem and assist in developing capacity for coping.. Learning Theory, Cognative Behavioral Theory, Research-based knowledge has high priority

According to Piaget individual learning is through the process of ______ or the reciprocal exchange between an individual and her/his environment.

Adaptation

Spontaneity; playfulness to adapt; sense of humor is called?

Adaptive Regression

5 P's of Medical Model

Addiction is a Primary disorder - it must be addressed before, or at least in conjunction with, any other disorder. Addictions are Progressive - they develop slowly over time. Addictive disorders are also Prolonged - they worsen over time. Addictive disorders are Potentially fatal. Without therapeutic attention most lead to institutions (psychiatric facilities), prison, or death. Addictive disorders are Positively treatable - with help recovery is possible.

Developing Issues

Adherence, Combining with behavioral treatment findings, Patient-treatment matching, Who should receive pharmacotherapy

Accommodation

Adjusting prior knowledge gained through former experiences and interactions

Life Styles

Adler's patterns of overcoming inadequacies

3.07

Administration (a) Social work administrators should advocate within and outside their agencies for adequate resources to meet clients' needs. (b) Social workers should advocate for resource allocation procedures that are open and fair. When not all clients' needs can be met, an allocation procedure should be developed that is nondiscriminatory and based on appropriate and consistently applied principles. (c) Social workers who are administrators should take reasonable steps to ensure that adequate agency or organizational resources are available to provide appropriate staff supervision. (d) Social work administrators should take reasonable steps to ensure that the working environment for which they are responsible is consistent with and encourages compliance with the NASW Code of Ethics.

Identity vs. Identitiy Diffusion

Adolescence (Genital Stage - Freud) Create identity, reintegrate various components of self into whole person, process of ego synthesis Peers are great importance to values, support, reference group, experiment with roles Identity confusion, estrangement, excessive conformity or rebelliousness, idealism (denial of reality), neurotic conflict, or delinquent.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Adolescence. The development of identity involves finding out who we are, what we value, and where we are headed in life. In their search for identity, adolescents experiment with different roles. If we establish an integrated image of ourselves as a unique person, then we establish a sense of identity. If not, role confusion results and can be expressed through anger and resentment.

Adult children of alcoholics and otherwise dysfunctional families.Insight into personal behaviors developed in response to life with a dysfunctional parent/family.

Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOA)

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Adulthood. This stage centers around the concern for the next generation. Successful development shows adults sharing their life-acquired wisdom and caring for the growth of the community. Complacency in this stage leads to stagnation and potentially to depression and loneliness.

Inversion

Aggressive drive or impulse is changed from one person to self. Esp. in depression or masochism

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing is which type of Anxiety D/O?

Agoraphobia

Realistic

Agreement is within capacities of client and worker

Ventiliation

Airs feelings associated with data presented about self and situation. Distinguish when ventiliation is useful and when it only feeds fire. Release emotions to help reduce intensity.

a 12-Step fellowship, relatives and friends work toward a sense of distance, perspective and personal sanity, as they deal with those who have drinking problems.

Al-Anon

Adolescents and young people whose lives have been affected by the addiction of someone close to them Development of perspectives on personal life and self-related responsibilities

Ala-Teen

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Albert Ellis Explanation of Personality A=activating events, B=Belief System of Individual, C=Consequences Emotional health results from the rational/logical processing of activating events. Common irrational beliefs Therapist's role is to educate the client and challenge the rationality of beliefs. Homework including reading or watching tapes of sessions

12 step for alcohol

Alcoholics Anonymous

"becoming" -

Allport's term (similar to self actualization or self realization//saw personality as continually becoming...evolving and changing.

This probably is known as the Level of Significance (with taking a perfect relationship) 1.0 - 0.99 (an observed relationship) & determining the level of significance and whether to reject or accept the Ho

Alpha (typically set at .05 or less)

Negativism

An communication that occurs among family members is negative, taking the form of complaints, criticism, and other expressions of displeasure. This negativity may serve to reinforce the substance abuse.

Extinction

An elimination or lessening of the conditioned response occurs when the reinforcement is stopped and is known as operant conditioning. When the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response is affected negatively it is known as operant conditioning.

midcourse

An emerging life stage from 50 to 75 characterized by expanding options for productive activity.

Abreaction

An experience in which repressed memories of a painful event or conflict are restored to consciousness. The memory is not only recovered, but also it is relived with the appropriate emotional content.

Separation/Hatching stage

An infant is alert to world, mother is point of orientation

According to Freud, if an adult is easily angered, this is result of fixation at which stage?

Anal

Exosystems

Are areas of the environment that the developing person does not directly participate in but can indirectly affect the person.(ex. parents work place, parents social groups etc...); level of Brofenbrenner's ecology.

Reliability

Are the measures obtained "true" measures of what you are measuring.

Validity

Are we measuring what we think we are measuring, or something else?

COMBINE Discussion

Argues for naltrexone to be used in combination with MM in primary care settings. Follow up studies supported CBI at 1 yr follow up.

Sociocultural theory

Argues that there is a bidirectional relationship between the child and the sociocultural environment. The child influences the people and the environments as much as those people and environments influence the child.

Mean

Arithmetic average of scores

Ego

Around six months. Reality principle; mediates id and reality; executive branch

Chromosomes

Arranged in pairs. 22 pairs are called autosomes carry genetic maternal to control all of our characteristics with the exception of biological sex. Same in male and female. 23rd pair are called sex chromosomes.

12 Step Facilitation

As commonly strong treatment dose is effective as Motivational Enhancement and Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills Training. Factors may account for effects of AA like motivation, self-efficacy, and coping.

Adaptation

Assimilating and accomodation. Assimilate: incorporate external reality into existing mental organization Accomodation: adapting to charachteristics of object

The two types of Piaget's adaption are?

Assimilation (the incorporation of an aspect of one's environment into an existing mental schema) OR Accommodation (The adaptation or modification of existing mental schema to the characteristics of a new object).

Gestalt Therapy

Associated with Fritz Perls. It emphasizes the integration of the thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Emphasis on personal responsibility for one's actions and on the spontaneous expression of emotions and perceptions is stressed.

Loss of bone density

Associated with aging. Loss of bone mass is due to decreased levels of calcium and GH in the body.

AA Attendance

Associated with better outcomes. One meeting in a 3-month period after outpatient treatment predicts outcome in the next 3-month period.

Classical conditioning refers to the process by which an individual learns a behavior through ______.

Association

Rationalization

Attempt to give logical explantion for painful unconscious material, avoid feelings of guilt and shame

ADHD

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - symptoms are impulsive behavior, short attention span, inability to sit quietly, inattentiveness. This can manifest itself at any stage of development through adolescence.

Nominal Variable

Attribute is a discrete description such as religion, hair color, or gender

Projection

Attribute painful impulse or idea to external world

Stigma

Attribute that makes individual different from group and is perceived to be discrediting trait..abnormality, disease, mental illness, race, religion.

Virtual Social Identity

Attributes based on appearance, dialect, social setting

Actual social identity

Attributes individual actually demonstrates

Projection

Attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, motives, or shortcomings to others

Abilify

Atypical Antipsychotics (aripirazole) common with SSRI

Clozaril

Atypical Antipsychotics (clozapine) last resort

Seroquel

Atypical Antipsychotics (quetiapine)

Risperdal

Atypical Antipsychotics (risperidone)

Zyprexa

Atypical Antipsychotics/Mood stabilizer (olanzapine)

Wellbutrin

Atypical antidepressant (bupropion)

Margaret Mahler Stages of Development

Autism (birth to 2 months), Symbiosis (2 to 5 months), Differentiation (5-10 months), Practicing (10-15 months), Rapprochement (15-24 months), Individuation (24-36 months) [times are only approximations, varies with individuals]

Efficiency of cognitive process is called?

Autonomous Functioning

Efficiency of cognitive processes is called?

Autonomous Functioning

A 3 year old child who is constantly criticized for making a mess is at risk for later dependence due to lack of strength in which stage of psychosocial development?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 yr .-3 yrs.)

This stage is from 2-3 years & involves mastery of skills to be autonomous & learning to be more confident & in control of their self.

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Changing one's own behavior or self in order to adapt is called?

Autoplastic

Decreasing the likelihood & frequency of a behavior by presenting an unpleasant reinforcement or punishment is known as what type conditioning?

Aversion

Sexual Aversion Disorder

Aversion to or avoidance of genital sexual activity

Denial

Avoidance of awareness of painful aspect of reality

Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should become _____ of & gain _____ about the differences in cultures.

Aware & Knowledge

Combo Linear Stages and Recurring Themes

Baruck Levine combined 4-stage linear model: Parallel, Inclusion, Mutality, Termination w/ 3 recurring themes - Authority, Intimacy, Separation. While group is progression thro 4 stages, recurring themes with greater and lesser degress of intensity enter picture and influnce group development.

Cognitive development theory

Based on the notion that cognitive abilities are developed as individuals mature physiologically and have opportunity to interact with environment (Piaget)

Motivational Interviewing

Based on the principles of motivational psychology and is intended to enhance patient's intrinsic motivation for change. Stronger support for AUD. May be used with different strategies to enhance treatment engagement and motivation for change.

This type of single-subject design A-B design is know as?

Basic single systems design

epigenetic principle

Basic to Erikson's theory of development; the personality develops as a composite of its parts, each of which emerges at a particular time in development, so that the parts give rise to the whole.

Potential Success

Be clear with self and clients about research support for 12 steps is impressive. It fares as well as any approaches known.

Support

Be proactive in their involvement, recommend high levels of AA involvement (i.e. getting a sponsor).

Executive branch of personality

Because ego attempts to make rational decisions. Brings id demands within norms of society

Anterograde Amnesia

Because of the hippocamal damage to the brain can not make acetocholine to lay new memory traces; this person can not make new memories

Steps in decision making (Coyle)

Become aware of problem Clarify and evaluate solutions Deciding Acting upon decision Evaluate results of implementation

According Alert bandura, all behaviors are learned & can be changed by alerting the events that occur _____ & _____ the target behavior.

Before & After

Single subject designs formula

Before treatment=pre-treatment=baseline=(A). After treatment=post-treatment=(B). Difficulty in ruling out alternative causes of change

Closed Group

Begin experience together, and end at same time; lead by a worker. members are able to identify with one another. Greater stability to help situation, evolve better when same people are struggling together. Commitment is greater when same participants.

Learning Theory and Behavior Modification

Behavior Explained apart from a few references to grwoth and maturation, as continuous formation of connections among stimuli and responses.

Histrionics

Behavior associated with extremely dramatic, explosive, overreactive, or manipulative behavior.

Behavioral, Respondent or Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Social Learning theory all share what kind of theoretical approach?

Behavioral Modification

Substance Intoxication or Withdrawal

Behavioral, psychological, and physiological symptoms due to effects of substance

Thorndike's Law of Effect

Behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened. Behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

One or more Manic or Mixed Episodes is associated with which D/O?

Bipolar I Disorder

One or more Major Depressive Episodes combined with at least one Hypo-manic Episode is associated with this disorder?

Bipolar II D/O

Trust vs. Mistrust

Birth - 1 year. Infants needs to be met by responsive, sensitive caretakers. If this occurs, a basic sense of trust and optimism develops. If not, mistrust and fear of the future results.

Sensory - Motor Stage

Birth to 2 years Infant lacks symbolic function: Cannot evoke representation of person or object when absent Interacts with surroundings and able to focus on objects other than self. Anticipates events, objects exist out of sight, and sense of causality

episodes of forgetting all or part of what occurred during or following a period of alcohol intake, might have confusion but not passing out or unconscious- can even be on the job

Blackouts

Osteoporosis

Bone disease in which bones are very brittle and may spontaneously fracture. Post-menopausal women have a higher risk.

Focus on improving the intergenerational transmission process

Bowenian Family Therapy

Oedipus Complex

Boy's phallic striving is directed towards M, and is competition with F. He loves and hates F. Renounces desires due to fear of castration and love. Internalizes F's values, and development of superego and ability to experience guilt.

mesosystem

Bronfenbrenner's term for a level of the ecological environment composed of relationships among settings in which the individual participates.

macrosystem

Bronfenbrenner's term for a part of the ecological environment composed of the beliefs and values that govern how social groups are organized.

exosystem

Bronfenbrenner's term for a part of the ecological environment made up of settings in which individuals do not participate but that influence the microsystems in which they do participate.

microsystem

Bronfenbrenner's term for the innermost level of the nested structures that make up the ecological environment- the immediate setting containing the developing person and the objects and people with whom the individual interacts.

ecology of human development

Bronfenbrenner's term for the scientific study of the progressive, mutual accommodation between an active, growing human being and the changing properties of the immediate settings in which the developing person lives, as this process is affected by relations between these settings and by the larger contexts in which the settings are embedded.

Incremental Budget

Budgeting process which assumes that the previous allocations and priorities were correct and that changes need only be made in allocation amounts

Binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, e.g., self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, is known as?

Bulimia Nervosa

Life Expectancy in the U.S.

CDC has reported that babies born in 2011 will live on average 78.6 years (Males: 76.1 years, Females: 80.9 years) -This life expectancy ranks 37th in the world. -Countries surpassing the US include: >Japan >Most of Europe >Jordan >Guam >Cayman Islands

dose related intoxication, diplopia, slurring, decr HR, BP and R initially, slowing of mental function, decr judgement, memory, understanding

CNS depressants

Wernicke's Aphasia

Called a fluent gibberish suffer; not able to comprehend and put words together in a meaningful way; happens from damage to left side of brain

Anxiety

Can result from the irrational pleasure demands of the id or the superego causing guilty feelings about real or imagined transgression

Neo-Freudians

Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Erik Erikson

Person-Centered Therapy

Carl Rogers Belief that humans will inately achieve their full potential in a warm, caring, and authentic environment. Therapist is non-directive, the theraputice alliance is critical, genuineness, empath or understanding are key.

Existential Theory

Centers on the individual and his autonomy. Meaning is derived from the choices made by the individual and the suffering he experiences. The need for dialog and the therapist's recognition of the client's own need for self determination are primary considerations.

Three levels of traits 2. Central traits

Central traits-characteristics that control an individual's behavior in many situations but are less comprehensive than Cardinal traits. These are the traits that people mention when they are asked to describe another person or write a letter of recommendation. Examples are we may say that someone as intelligent, sincere, kind, competitive, funny, honest./// 2. central traits - are peripheral to the personality and control a few specific behaviors.

Confrontation

Challenge the client to think about what he says or does, maladaptive behavior, resisistance to treatment or change (evasive, silence, lateness, missed appointments, tasks not worked on).

Genetic mutation

Change to the structure of inherited genetic material that occurs spontaneously or is the result of environmental toxins.

Social-cognitive theory

Changes in behavior are acquired not only through the process of conditioning, but also through observational learning

Preaffiliation

Characterized by approach-avoidance; ambivalence about involvement, tentative verbalization and frequent silences, apprehensiveness about responses of others, testing and sizing up one another, search for commong groupd, explore roles, seek approval, acceptance respect, and worker's leadership.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Characterized by extreme Egocentric behaviors, low empathy, poor interpersonal friendships, and bouts of depression.

Bipolar II Disorder

Characterized by the occurrence of one or more major depressive episodes, not associated with manic or mixed episodes, but having at least one hypomanic component

This test of statistical significance determines the degree of confidence you can have in accepting or rejecting a hypothesis.

Chi Square

Identification with the aggressor

Child introjects some characteristics of an anxiety - evoking object and so assimilates an anxiety experince which he has just undergone. The child is thus able to transform himself from person threatened to the person who makes the threat.

Early childhood sexuality

Children naturally CURIOUS -Usually around 4-5 begin asking questions -Try to encourage questions and create open and NON-critical environment Masturbation and self-exploration -Can begin as early as 15-19 months is NORMAL >Avoid shaming >Discuss private activities while normalizing behavior Curiosity and interest in genitalia of others -NORMAL if with playmate of SIMILAR AGE and with age level knowledge

Antisocial PD

Chronic irresponsible and antisocial behavior. Violates others, faiture at work, lying, steaking, acting out sexually, drinking and drugs. (long term therapy, self0help, limit setting) Cluster B

Complementary of needs

Circular support of a family, where there is reciprocity in meeting needs (adaptive or maladaptive)

Cisgender

Cis= SAME Gender identity generally matches with that assigned for their physical sex. -A person who does NOT identify as transgender.

Bujarski et al 2013

Clarify contribution of drinking goal to treatment outcome in the context of specific behavioral and pharmacological interventions.

Decision making activities

Clarify ways in which decisions affect individuals and group as a whole, recognize the contributions of individuals in decision making process, prepare groups for possibility of failure or changing decisions in fture, consider 2nd alternatives. Accept authority of prof. role when group is unable to cope solving a problem, set limits on boundaries, support evaluation of outcomes of action, structure and plan activites that support individuals or subgroups to carry out decision making outside group. Avoid frustration or anxiety-producing decision making in initial phase of group development. Evaluate as developmentally meaningful.

Middle Phase

Clear agreement on purpose; members are engaged; worker skills are employed in group efforts directed toward achieving goals. Judge what is going ona nd when it is being avoided. Reach for opposites, ambiguities, and what is happening when ther eare good and bad feelings expressed. Reinforce differences in helping. Ability to partialize larger problems inot smaller mangeable components. Generlize and find connections b/w small units of group expression and experience. Facilitate communication that is puposeful and invested with feelings. Identify and express need to work and acknowledge when work is accomplished.

3.04

Client Records (a) Social workers should take reasonable steps to ensure that documentation in records is accurate and reflects the services provided. (b) Social workers should include sufficient and timely documentation in records to facilitate the delivery of services and to ensure continuity of services provided to clients in the future. (c) Social workers' documentation should protect clients' privacy to the extent that is possible and appropriate and should include only information that is directly relevant to the delivery of services. (d) Social workers should store records following the termination of services to ensure reasonable future access. Records should be maintained for the number of years required by state statutes or relevant contracts.

3.06

Client Transfer (a) When an individual who is receiving services from another agency or colleague contacts a social worker for services, the social worker should carefully consider the client's needs before agreeing to provide services. (b) If a new client has been served by another agency or colleague, social workers should discuss with the client whether consultation with the previous service provider is in the client's best interest.

Reciprocal accountability

Client and worker are accountable to one another fulfilling agreed upon work toward agreed upon goals

1.14

Clients Who Lack Decision Making Capacity When social workers act on behalf of clients who lack the capacity to make informed decisions, social workers should take reasonable steps to safeguard the interests and rights of those clients.

Addiction - A Working Definition

Clinical Definition - important when speaking to clinical professionals (medical personnel, insurance companies, colleagues, etc.) DSM-IV-TR - categorizes addictive disorders into abuse and dependence. Substance abuse can be defined as a maladaptive use of chemicals that impacts one or more major life domains and responsibilities. Role failure - avoiding responsibilities at home, work, school. Chemical use during dangerous situations - driving a car, operating machinery. Legal related issues - DUI, expulsion from school

Axis I

Clinical disorders, most V-Codes, and conditions that need clinical action

This kind of Group therapy structure is completely arranged and controlled by the SW including number, length, location, group membership, and goals (e.g., Bereavement Group).

Closed Group

Systems that have rigid, impermeable boundaries, are resistant to forces outside the system, are not amenable to change, do not accept input from other systems and not provide output to the other systems.

Closed-System

Questions that can be answered with a simple, direct answer is this type of questioning?

Closed-ended Questioning

This sampling technique is based upon taking a Simple Random Sampling of groups and then sampling all items within that group is known as?

Cluster Sampling

Cocaine/meth crash Depletion of dopamine Craving for the drug Nasal septum deteroiation Hypertensive crisis MI Depression with increase rate of suicide

Cocaine and Meth-Withdrawal is "pure hell"

Purpose #1

Code identifies core values on which social work's mission is based

Drinking Goal

Coded in the study as controlled drinking, conditional abstinence, and complete abstinence.

A group of learned behaviors that prevents individuals from taking care of themselves and has at its core a preoccupation with the thoughts and feeling of others.

Codependency (know this term)

This theoretical approach focuses on changing behavior by identifying, challenging, & changing the client's misconceptions & false beliefs is referred as?

Cognitive Theory

Sex-linked recessive trait

Colorblindness is carried on a recessive gene on the X chromosome. A male who inherits this recessive gene will be colorblind because it is impossible for him to also have a dominant gene on a second X chromosome to repress the recessive gene. Females who are colorblind have a recessive-Recessive gene pair. Hemophilia is carried the same way.

3.09

Commitments to Employers (a) Social workers generally should adhere to commitments made to employers and employing organizations. (b) Social workers should work to improve employing agencies' policies and procedures and the efficiency and effectiveness of their services. (c) Social workers should take reasonable steps to ensure that employers are aware of social workers' ethical obligations as set forth in the NASW Code of Ethics and of the implications of those obligations for social work practice. (d) Social workers should not allow an employing organization's policies, procedures, regulations, or administrative orders to interfere with their ethical practice of social work. Social workers should take reasonable steps to ensure that their employing organizations' practices are consistent with the NASW Code of Ethics. (e) Social workers should act to prevent and eliminate discrimination in the employing organization's work assignments and in its employment policies and practices. (f) Social workers should accept employment or arrange student field placements only in organizations that exercise fair personnel practices. (g) Social workers should be diligent stewards of the resources of their employing organizations, wisely conserving funds where appropriate and never misappropriating funds or using them for unintended purposes.

Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Celexa, Tofranil, Elavil, Marplan, Nardil and Eldepyl are?

Common Medications Rx'ed for Depressive D/O's

Thorazine, Mellaril, Stelazine, Prolixin, Hadol, Loxitane, Clorazil, Risperdal & Zyprexa are?

Common Medications Rx'ed for Psychotic D/O's

Librium, Xanax, Haldol, Celexa, Paxil, Toranil, Klonopin, and Valium are?

Common Medications Rx's for Anxiety/Panic D/O's

4.01

Competence (a) Social workers should accept responsibility or employment only on the basis of existing competence or the intention to acquire the necessary competence. (b) Social workers should strive to become and remain proficient in professional practice and the performance of professional functions. (c) Social workers should base practice on recognized knowledge, including empirically based knowledge, relevant to social work and social work ethics.

Cognitive Therapy

Concentrates on the conscious mental processes, motivations and reasons for behavior. Various schools of cognitive therapy include rational casework, reality therapy, and rational-emotive therapy.

Power and Control

Concern with loss of autonomy, power, control; ambiguity as relationship mature and become more intimate, subgroups evolve, status of hierarcy develops, conflict occurs w/in subgroup

This type of Validity is where results of one study are compared to results of another-similar study but measured using a different instrument.

Concurrent Validity

Any SW who receives or is privy to receiving client information is bound by this NASW ethical principle?

Confidentiality

Prior to assessment the SW should explain the legal & ethical obligations & limitations of _______?

Confidentiality

Superego

Conscience, moral and ethical standards, ambitions, and ego ideals. Acts to inhibit id impulses

What is the 3 Levels of Consciousness?

Conscious, Pre-conscious & Unconscious

Alternatives

Consider other options if client is uninterested in potential gains of involvement.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Consistently paired with the UCS

Experimental group designs

Consists of a comparison of control group with an experimental group; receive experimental treatments

Successive Treatments

Consists of a cumulation of effective medication and therapies combined. Must also consider supportive environments, changes in lifestyles, and personal responsibility.

Experimental groups

Consists of at least two groups of participants

2.05

Consultation (a) Social workers should seek the advice and counsel of colleagues whenever such consultation is in the best interests of clients. (b) Social workers should keep themselves informed about colleagues' areas of expertise and competencies. Social workers should seek consultation only from colleagues who have demonstrated knowledge, expertise, and competence related to the subject of the consultation. (c) When consulting with colleagues about clients, social workers should disclose the least amount of information necessary to achieve the purposes of the consultation.

Preconscious

Contains material that is just below the surface of awareness but can be easily retrieved

This type of Validity is where a term or construct is deemed to be a good measurement as agreed upon by research experts.

Content Validity

Exploration

Continue efforts to understand client's view of oneself

3.08

Continuing Education and Staff Development Social work administrators and supervisors should take reasonable steps to provide or arrange for continuing education and staff development for all staff for whom they are responsible.

Hispanic/Latino reasons to seek help

a wish to improve their life circumstances. In the US members of their cultural group are often locked into a cycle of poverty due to inability to access resources. Individuals also feel isolated and pressured to change in order to adjust to a new culture. Culture shock an conflicting cultural values are pervading issues.

Hypothalamus

Controls that the pituitary gland

Always pathological

Conversion, somatization

The relationship between variables & expressed as a coefficient & where r of either 1.0 (+ relationship) or -1.0 (opposite relationship) is considered a ____.

Correlation

Nonexperimental methods

Correlational research, descriptive or observational research, Naturalistic observation, case study, survey research, and interview

1.05 a.

Cultural Competence & Social Diversity a. understand culture and its functions in human behavior and society. Strengths exists in all cultures.

A culturally competent SW should understand & be cognizant of their own ____ & the impact of their _____ style when working minority populations.

Culture & Communication

A culturally competent SW should understand & be cognizant of their own _____ & the impact of their _____style when working with minority populations.

Culture & Communication

Recurrent, locality-specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be defined & recognized in the DSM-IV is defined as?

Culture Bound Syndromes

Recurrent, locality-specific patterns of aberrant behavior & troubling experience that may or may not be defined & recognized in the DSM- IV is defined as?

Culture Bound syndromes

Asian/Pacific Islander cultural influence

Culture influenced by Confucian and Buddhist philosophies.

Stimulant Treatment

Current research on modafinil but now prohibited. Stratera is also being researched.

Schizophrenia

Defense: Fixation, Regression Symbolization: keep demons away identification

Mood Disrders / Depression

Defense: Introjection (loss, anger) Reaction formation (mania)

Somatoform

Defense: Repression, Somatization, Conversion, Body dysmorphic disorders: repression, dissocaiation, distortion, symbolization

Refusing to acknowledge or recognize the reality & implications of painful, anxiety-provoking experiences is called?

Denial

The 5 stages of Grieving are?

Denial Anger Bargaining Despair/Depression Acceptance

Stages of Grief and Loss

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance, Hope at any stage

Denial

Denying that a very unpleasant thing has happened

Anaclitic Depression

Depression experienced with the fear of losing a primary caregiver.

1.12

Derogatory Language Social workers should not use derogatory language in their written or verbal communications to or about clients. Social workers should use accurate and respectful language in all communications to and about clients.

Allport

Described personality in terms of fundamental traits, -healthy aspect of personality//

Sexual Orientation

Describes the object of one's sexual desires: heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, asexual *Homosexuality and bisexuality are NOT psychiatric disorders.* -Males 4-10% -Females 1-3% >8% of females ages 18-19 reported same-gender sexual activity *Ego-syntonic (comfortable) versus Ego-dystonic (unacceptable)*

This type of study is used to discover new qualitative facts.

Descriptive Studies (e.g., observational methods, case-studies cross-sectional, and survey methods)

Parental Denial -

Despite obvious warning signs, the parental stance is (1) "What drug/alcohol problem? We don't see any drug problem!" or (2) after authorities intervene: "You are wrong! My child does not have a drug problem."

Formation of a Culturally competent Practice the individual practitioner should ______ a detailed knowledge of various cultures.

Develop

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Develop concern for establishing and guiding next generation, capcity for caring, nurturing, concern for others. Stagnation, pertaining to caring primarily and essentially for onself. Artificial intimacy and self indulgence

Bronfenbrenner

Developed an ecological systems theory of development also called the bioecological approach

Erikson psychosocial theory

Developing individual is faced with social emotional tasks that progressively enabled the individual to function in the social world. The ego either develops a strength or weakness in adapting socially. Eight stages with two polarities.

Bioecological approach

Development taking place within the context of several systems. The context or systems include the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and the macro system.

Stage theories (discontinuity theories)

Development through a series of stages

Motor Skills Disorder

Developmental Coordination Disorder, Motor coordination is below or delayed for age.

Learning theory (or behaviorist theory)

Developmental change as the product of learning

Conspiracy of Silence

Develops in which no one addresses the issue on everybody's mind

After the Assessment phase comes?

Diagnosing the client

DRG

Diagnostic Related Group

Mental Retardation

Diagnostic criteria must have onset preceding 18th birthday; Mild (50/55 to 70), Moderate (35/40 to 50/55), Severe (20/25 to 35/40), Profound (Below 20)

Internal validity

Did the experimental treatments make a difference in this specific instance?

Oppressed Minority

Differentiated from disadvantaged groups by racial, ethnic, political consciousness.

During this stage, the group members will begin to express their own opinions, behaviors & thoughts.

Differentiation

Separation-Individualization process

Differentiation - 6 to 9 - increase in locomotion Practicing - 9 to 14 months Active, walking, playing Rapproachment - 14 to 24 Shadowing, darting, moves away but returns for emtional refueling Development of constancy - 14 months, increase capacity to recal mother

Verbal & Written responses during an assessment are this type of questioning?

Direct Questioning

Clustering

Direct physical drawing together (cohesive)

Convergent thinking

Directed at finding the one & only true answer to a question

The act of expressing prejudice or the intentional taking away certain choices, benefits, or other opportunities from a minority group is defined as?

Discrimination

The act of expressing prejudice or the intentional taking away of certain choices, benefits, or other opportunities from a minority group is defined as?

Discrimination

4.02

Discrimination Social workers should not practice, condone, facilitate, or collaborate with any form of discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, or mental or physical disability.

What is the difference between differentiation and disengagement

Disengagement, a theory of structural theory means that family members no longer interact, and differentiation, a theory of Bowenian Family theory, refers to family members having uniqueself identities separate from other family members.

4.04

Dishonesty, Fraud, and Deception Social workers should not participate in, condone, or be associated with dishonesty, fraud, or deception.

Learning Disabilities

Disorders described in the DSM-IV pertaining to major impediments in listening, talking, reading, writing, logical thinking, and understanding math. More common in males, ages 8-13.

Shifting repressed feelings from where they originate to some other object is called?

Displacement

2.04

Disputes Involving Colleagues (a) Social workers should not take advantage of a dispute between a colleague and an employer to obtain a position or otherwise advance the social workers' own interests. (b) Social workers should not exploit clients in disputes with colleagues or engage clients in any inappropriate discussion of conflicts between social workers and their colleagues.

Separation or postponement of a feeling that normally would accompany a situation or thought is called?

Dissociation

Social Identity

Dominant society establishes criteria for categorizing persons and normal and ordinary attributes felt to be natural and ordinary for members of society

Bujarski Discussion

Drinking goal represents a highly predictive clinical variable and should be an integral part of clinical assessment of patients with alcohol dependence.

Erikson's stages for adulthood

During adulthood we are talking about stages 6, 7, and 8: *Stage 6*: Intimacy vs. Isolation *Stage 7*: Generativity vs. Stagnation *Stage 8*: Ego Integrity vs. Despair

The Changing Concept of Family

During the latter half of the 20th century *in the U.S.,* the proportion of married couples with children has decreased. Traditional families made up only 24 percent of all households in the 2000 census. The idea of family signifies much more in the current century than in times past - blended families, divorced single mothers or fathers with children, never married women with children, cohabitating heterosexual partners, and other elected families.

Formation of a Culturally Competent Practice the Individual practitioner should understand the ______ of the differences of her/his own culture & that of the client & recognize their own ______.

Dynamic & Ethnocentricity

Other Characteristics of Family

Each family has a pattern of communication traits, which can be verbal or nonverbal using overt or subtle means of expressing emotion, conflict, affection, etc. Families strive to achieve homeostasis, which portrays family systems as self-regulating with a primary need to maintain balance.

Treatment for somatic disorder

Early diagnosis to stop interventions Turn attn from symptom to problem of living Supportive therapy to help cope with symptoms Long term relationship with a single physician No Medication

Psychological effects on adolescents

Early maturing boys and late maturing girls tend to have the best psychosocial outcomes, Whereas late maturing boys and early maturing girls fair worse

This type of assessment tool seeks to place the client in the context of their family & social environment.

Ecomap

The Rational executive portion of an individual's personality is?

Ego

This stage is from 50 years on and involves the individual learning to accept her/his own life achievements & significant others. Failing this stage the individual will feel despair/regret.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

A senior citizen is struggling with feelings that her life was unproductive, and now feels hopeless. She is struggling in which stage of psychosocial development?

Ego Integrity vs. Despair (older age)

Treatment of the client in the here and now focusing on developing coping abilities and relating to others according to reality

Ego Psychology

Conflict Free Ego Sphere

Ego has apparatuses that exist outside of conflict, and have roots in infant's constitution. Ego is more than a developmental by product of the influence of reality on instincts. Ego has a partly independent origin. Autonomous factor in ego devleopment.

Self-medication -

Either a parent or a child will use drugs or alcohol to cope with intolerable thoughts or feelings, such as severe anxiety or depression.

Moral Model

Elements of this model that are beneficial: A focus on person choice (responsibility) The importance placed on seeking a spiritual connection during the recovery process. "Without choices and spirituality, individuals are locked into an irrevocable moral dilemma, one without exits" (Juhnke & Hagedorn, 2006).

Humanism

Emphasizes human potential for growth, creativity, and spontaneity.

Carroll & Onken

Empirically-supported behavioral treatments for addiction include: CBT, contingency management, motivational interviewing, couples & family therapy. Stages flow in pilot/feasibility testing, efficacy testing, transportability & dissemination.

BF Skinner

Empty Organism - Capacity for action built into physical constitution, reflexes and motivation will set it in random motion Law of effect: Behaviors that lead to consequences tend to be repeated under similar circumstances. Halting consequences is punishment. Schedules of Reinforcement - Reinforce fixed percentage of occurence of particular response.

usually the spouse

Enabler-

Distinctions of Residual Schizophrenia

absence of noteworthy symptoms of catatonia, hebephrenia, or paranoia with several symptoms of schizophrenia such as bizarre beliefs or strange perceptual experiences

Self-actualized people

accept themselves as they are instead of denying shortcoming or trying to rationalize or change things about themselves that they don't like

Self-actualized people

adjust to their problems in ways that allow them to become highly productive

Vicarious reinforcement

affect that seeing a model being reinforced has in observational learning

Conditioned Response (CR)

after several pairings of UCS with CS, CR happens

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT "Proprium

all various aspects of a person,what makes us unique as a persons

stimulants

amphetamines, cocaine, dexadrine, caffeine

genotype -genetic inheritance

an inherited characteristic which may or may not be reflected in the phenotype (outward appearance) of the person.

positive regard

approval from significant others

Self-actualized people

are more problem-centered than self-centered; are more likely to make decisions based on ethical principles than on calculations or personal costs/benefits

Defense Mechanisms

are necessary to psychological well-being

Common traits vs. personal dispositions: 1. common traits -

are shared by all people to some extent (e.g., extraversion

Authentic Persons

are true to themselves and have an ability to grow

Common traits vs. personal dispositions: personal dispositions

are unique to the person (e.g., collecting cotton balls). are unique to the person (e.g., collecting cotton balls

1.07 b.

b. Social workers may discolose confidential information when appropriate with valid consent from a client or personl legally authorized to consent on behalf of a client.

Internal Locus Control

belief that control over outcomes in ones life reside in one self

Behaviorists

believe that the only proper subject of matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior

Albert Bandura

believed that personlaity is not just acquired through direct reinforcement but also is a result of observational learning

Abraham Maslow

believed that self-actualizing people must satisfy basic needs for food, shelter, safety, love, belonging, self-esteem

Alfred Adler

believed that the driving force in people's lives is a desire to overcome their feelings of inferiority

Alfred Adler

believed that the way parents treat their children has a great influence on the styles of life they choose.

Gordon Allport

believed that traits make a wide variety of situations "functionally equivalent."

Carl Rogers

believed there are two sides to every person: the organism and the self

Albert Bandura

believed we can direct our own behavior by the type of models we choose

nervous system

brain and spinal cord (the CNS) and the neural circuitry of peripheral nervous system (PNS)

1.07 c.

c. Social workes should protect confidentiality of all information except for compelling professional reasons.

marijuana, hashish, tetrahydrocannabinol

cannabinols

Three levels of traits 1. cardinal traits

cardinal traits these are the master motives, ruling passions, imminent trade. Characteristics that serve as the motivating force for virtually all of an individual's behavior. Biggest of the traits.

disULFiram works by

causing aversion by causing severe nausea and vomiting because hepatic enzymes inhibited--toxic reaction occurs

Erich Fromm

centerd his theory around the need to belong and the loneliness freedom brings

Phenotype

characteristics that are usually expressed

African American community

collective support and mutual aid; strong community representatives and organizations.

View of most theorists on nature versus nurture

combination, interact from conception forward

Child Development theory

complete once reach adolescence

lost child

completely overlooked d/t addiction

anoxia

condition caused by reduced oxygen flow to the fetus during birth. causes build up of mucous in throat of baby or crimp in umbilical cord.

Superego is:

conscience. It can determine right vs wrong. Does not consider reality, only rules about moral behavior

Three Freudian levels of awareness

conscious, preconscious, unconscious

Piaget Constructivism

considered a stage theory

Life Span theory

continues throughout life span

projection

contribute unacceptable thoughts/feelings to someone else

1.07 d.

d. Social workers should inform clients, to the extent possible, about disclosure of confidential information and the potential consequences, when feasible before disclosure is made.

Pregnancy stress

debilitative because draws blood from fetus to the mother's muscles depriving fetus of oxygen. Adrenalin and cortisol can also pass into placenta to fetus causing increased fetal heart rate causing stunted prenatal growth, low birth weight, and birth complications. Also predicts emotional stress in child after born.

disulfiram does not

decrease desire to drink

displacement

discharges intense feelings on someone less dangerous than person who aroused them (ex. more passive parent than abuser)

5 main defense mechanisms

displacement, repression, reaction formation, projection, regression

Carl Jung

distinguished between personal and collective unconscious

In 2001, according to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, 25 to 30% of all income-generating crime is

drug related.

Drug Dependence

drug use involving inability to stop using; degradation in social, work, and recreational activities; withdrawal symptoms

1.07 e.

e. Social workers should discuss with clients the nature of confidentiality and limitations of clients' rights to confidentiality.

Emotionally Stable

easy-going; relaxed; well-adjusted; even-tempered person

Euphoria Antiemetic Decreases intraocular pressure Alters "time sense" Decreases concentration and memory Passive behavior Drowsy Tachycardia with orthostatic hypotension Increased appetite Dry mouth Nystagmus (eyes "dancing"

effects of cannabinols

Right vs wrong

ego cannot determine if something is right or wrong. Superego does

Preoperational stage

egocentrism, rigidity of thought, semi logical reasoning, limited social cognition

Hispanic/Latino effective approach

elicit, listen, and validate the "cultural journey" they are experiencing. Help them build bridges between the old and new worlds. Short term treatment more effective than long term, insight oriented interventions.

A married couples complains that they no longer communicate and live parallel but different lives. The therapist ask that they role play a scene from when they come home from work. In structural family therapy, this is an example of

enactments of situations

African American effective approaches

ethnically sensitive; time-limited, problem focused, child focused, family therapy. Use last name until client gives permission for less formality.

Muticultural Counseling (MCT)

existential-humanistic and psychodynamic are cognative behavioral approaches. Emerging paradigms in counseling groups. Take into account 3 forces and adapt them in culturally sensitive ways by focusing on self in relation rather than self actualization. Family genograms to understand cultural framework.

Bereavement

experience of loss by a loved one

Nature versus nurture controversy

experiences (nurture) or genetics (nature) influences development

Kohlberg

extended Piaget model to study of moral reasoning

Hispanic/Latino family

extended family system; incorporate godparents and informally adopted children; deep sense of commitment and obligation to family; family unity, welfare, and honor are important; emphasis on group rather than individual.

Moro

extension of arms when an infant feels a loss of support

After s/s of delirium Tremens subside, pt will....

fall asleep for up to 24 hours and then be fine

Asian/Pacific Islander common presenting problems

family conflicts. PTSD and dissociative disorders (among refugees traumatized by war)

Monozygotic

fertilized ovum divided abnormally creating two developing zygotes. Both zygotes embed into uterine wall and develop separately. Identical genetic endowments.

brain growth spurt

first two years after birth

The inability of a child to graduate from the oral to anal stage is an example of

fixation

African American family roles

flexible family roles; sometimes child is 'parentified'; marital relationship is egalitarian.

Nursing priorities during withdrawal

fluid deficit, safety

Hippocampus

found in the temporal lobes/cortex; long term memories are stored here; 1 main part in storage of memory

Humanistic Psychology

founded on the belief that all human's strive for self-actualization

Id and Superego

frequently come into conflict

1.07 g.

g. Social workers should inform clients involved in multi-person work of the social workers', employers', and agency's policy concerning disclosure by the social worker of confidential information among parties involved in counseling.

Regression

going back to an earlier and less mature pattern

1.07 h.

h. Social workers should not discuss confidential information to a third-party payer unless clients have authorized disclosure.

Native American/Alaskan Native relationships

harmony within the group is very important; maintain harmonious, balanced relationships by "non-interference" or not imposing on the rights or beliefs of others. Consensual, collateral social relationships; common sharing of material goods; group decision making.

Gordon Allport

held that traits are responsible for the relative consistency of every individual's behavior

Genetic counseling

help couples make decisions about childbearing given their chances of passing on genetic diseases to their offspring

family therapy is essential to

help them see how they are acting and responding

opiates/narcotics

heroine, morphine, methadone, codeine, percodan

Allport

his encounter with Freud convinced him that psychologists should pay attention to the obvious rather than delving too deeply into the subconscious he spent most of his professional life at Harvard and was president of APA

Native American/Alaskan Native worldview

holistic; interconnectedness of mind, body, spirit, and heart.

1.07 i.

i. Should not discuss confidential information in any setting unless privacy can be ensured.

Carl Jung

identified archetypes by studying dreams, visions, paintings, poetry, folk stories, myths, religions

Hans Eysenck

identified two basic dimension of personality: 1. the degree to which people have control over their feelings; 2. extrovert vs. introvert

idiographic vs. nomothetic approach Idiographic approach -

ideographic-scientific approach to Allport was a Strong Supporter Of the Ideographic Approach. looks at one person in great detail (many traits).

Kant classification system, typology

individuals could only be one type. The chloric is said to be hot-headed

Archetypes

inherited universal ideas that reflect the common experiences of humanity and which are in every person

Functions of the Board

involvement in fund raising, creating general policies and services, hiring of executive director, oversight of overall operation, liaison to community

Self-actualization

involves accepting the responsibilities of freedom and commitment and a desire to become more and more authentic

The self

is acquired gradually ove the years by observing how other people react to you

African American healthy cultural paranoia

is an adaptive response to racism in which a person perceives persons and social systems dissimilar to his own (particularly white people) as a threat until proven differently. The result of this response is a profound sense of mistrust, and the person will not self-disclose to a therapist of another ethnic.racial group. In this case, the therapist should explore the meaning of the paranoia and help him/her recognize when it is and is not appropriate to self-disclose.

Three levels of traits 3. secondary

its-these are characteristics that are peripheral to a person-preferences. A person my love banana cream pie

1.07 k.

k. Social workers should protect confidentiality of clients when responding to requests from members of the media.

defense/coping mechanisms allow alcoholic to

keep drinking

1.07 l.

l. Social workers should protect confidentiality of clients' written and electronic records and other sensitive information.

Stages of birth

labor, delivery of fetus, delivery of placenta

Hispanic/Latino health care

lack adequate access to health care and experience more health problems than whites: diabetes, hypertension, alcoholism, tuberculosis, AIDS,, lead poisoning, injuries, and violent deaths.

1.07 m.

m. Social workers should take precautions to ensure and maintain the confidentiality of information transmitted to other parties through the use of computers, electronic mail...

Prefrontal cortex

matures during adolescence. Responsible for higher order thinking and processing of complex information

Behaviorists

more concerned with controlling than understanding behavior

Introvert

more thoughtful, reserved, passive, unsociable, quiet person

Mode

most frequent score that appears in a distribution of values

VS Q 15 min, neuro, Glasco coma scale, continuous EKG, coordination, LOC, mini mental, appearance, emotions, attention, seech, memory, hallucinations, suicidal, homicidal, violent, toxicology, hx of drugs taken

nursing assessments for OD

1.07 o.

o. Social workers should take reasonable precautions to protect client confidentiality in the event of the social worker's termination of practice, incapacitation, or death.

scapegoat child *

offering herself as a sacrifice to assume blame for family dysfunction and divert attention from addict by rebellious, unwanted behavior

Asian/Pacific Islander communication

often indirect in order to avoid direct confrontation and to maintain highly valued harmonious relationships. People talk around a point or read between the` lines. less emotional expressiveness (reserved) and demonstration of affection.

Needed for self-actualization

openess to a wide range of experiences; an awareness of and respect for personal unquenesses

This test of statistical significance is the probability that the observed statistic occurred by chance alone.

p-value

1.07 p.

p. Social workers should not disclose identifying information when discussing clients for teaching or training purposes unless the client has consented to disclosure of confidential information.

Third trimester

period of the fetus, 9th week until birth

Hispanic/Latino personalism

personalized way of relating that imparts self-worth. Display varied emotional expressiveness depending on language being spoken. When speaking their native language, client may be more expansive, friendly, playful but in switching to English, speech may be more businesslike, rational, and guarded.

Lamaze

prepared childbirth method practicing breathing and other relaxation techniques to reduce experience of pain of labor and delivery

CNS depressant with decreased neuronal firing Euphoria Dizziness Excitation Sneezing N/V Pleasant exhilaration Visual and auditory hallucination

psychedelics/volatile inhalants

Apgar scale

quick way to assess overall condition of neonate immediately after birth and again 5 minutes after the birth

1.07 r.

r. Social workers should protect confidentiality of deceased clients consistent with the preceding standards.

avoid anxiety, maintain equilibrium, fear withdrawal, lose social circle

reasons people abuse substances

Humanistic Psychology

rebelled against the pessimistic view of human nature proposed by Freudians and the mechanistic views of the Behaviorists

humanistic theory -

recognizes that each person is unique, has dignity, is active, creative, and grows positively with maturity., ///Any theory that assumes that humans are basically good and rational and their behavior is purposive

Trauma

refers to experiences that cause intense physical and psychological stress reactions. Can refer to a single event, multiple events, or a set of circumstances.

Ways of coping with condtions of worth

rejecting or denying parts of the organism that do not fit in the self-concept

Defense Mechanisms

relieve intolerable confusion

Reaction Formation

replace unacceptable feeling or urge with its opposite

Gross motor skills

requires coordination of large parts of the body

Interpersonality Theories of Personality

see personality as a function of a person's social environment

stimulus in dt's causes

seizures

six "characteristics of maturity" according to Allport

six "characteristics of maturity" 1. extension of sense of self - we go beyond ourselves and show concern for others. 2. warm relatedness to others - capacity for love, intimacy, and compassion. 3. self-acceptance - more emotionally secure, higher tolerance for frustration. 4. realistic perception of reality - accurate in perceptions, problem (not ego) centered. 5. self-objectification - we know ourselves and have insight into ourselves. 6. unifying philosophy of life - a clear understanding of life's purpose, and directedness, a set of standards that guide behavior.

Carrier

someone who inherits a D-R pair. Can pass on the dominant or recessive gene to their offspring

Superego

source of guilt feelings

Brain lateralization

specialization of the hemispheres

In vitro fertilization

sperm cell fertilizes an ovum outside the mother's body and then the fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus

older adult problems with drinking

stay drunk longer, GI changes, drug interactions, hold onto alcohol d/t slowing of renal/hepatic changes

Humanistic Psychology

stresses our relative freedom from instinctual pressures and our ability to create and live by personal standards

idiographic

studying individual people in detail

Collective Unconscious

the storehouse of instincts, urges, and memories of the entire human species through history

source traits

the underlying roots or causes of the behavioral clusters

Native American/Alaskan Native healing practices

use of traditional and Western healing practices; medicine man, shaman or spiritual leaders are traditional healers.

clown child

uses humor to divert attention from addict

According to self psychology, mirroring:

validates a child's sense of perfect self

Carl Rogers

was primarily concerned with the roadblocks and detours on the path to self-actualization

Abnormal/sexuality

-"Bad" -"Not average" -"Not healthy" -"Socially inappropriate" -"Injurious to self or others" -"Interferes with normal functioning"

Past history of STDs

-"Have you ever been diagnosed with an STD?" -Yes: "When? How were you treated? Have you had any recurring symptoms or diagnoses?" "Have you ever been tested for HIV or other STD's? Would you like to be tested? "Has your current partner or any former partner ever been diagnosed or treated for an STD? -Yes: "Were you tested for the same STD?" -Yes: "When? What was the diagnoses? How was it treated?"

LGBT: Weight

-1/3 of LGB youth use *hazardous weight control methods* >Fasting over 24 hours >Diet pills >Vomiting >Use of laxatives -LGBT youth LESS likely to engage in moderate/ vigorous physical activity or team sports (compared with non-LBGT youth) -LB women twice the risk of OBESITY

Health Impacts on Transgender and Gender Non-conforming

-41% report attempting to commit suicide at one point in their life. -Excluding those who have completed suicide, the national average is less then 2% -2.6% report being HIV positive >4 times the national average, with MtF reporting to be twice as high as other trans categories. -16% report being compelled into sex for food or money, with DOUBLE the rates of unemployment -50% report having to teach their physican about being trans and 19% report being refused medical care

Study of Healthy Adults

-Close sibling relationships predicated stable middle age -A good marriage at age 50 predicted positive aging at 80 -LOW cholesterol levels at age 50 did not predict positive aging at 80 -Alcohol abuse consistently predicted UNSUCCESSFUL aging -Learning to "play and create" after retirement added more to life's enjoyment than retirement income -Objective good physical health was less important to successful aging than subjective good health

Marriage/divorce in early adulthood

-Dropped to record LOWS -However, still have HIGHEST divorce rate -One half of first marriages of adults who are in their 30's end in divorce -Most adults will remarry and half of second marriages will also end in divorce -Marital satisfaction DECREASES during the child rearing years due to stress -Divorce can also cause mental health problems including: >Psychological loss >Financial and legal issues >Reconfigured social network

Predictors of Intercourse During Early Adolescence

-Early pubertal development -History of sexual abuse -Poverty -LACK of attentive and nurturing parents -Cultural and familial patterns of early sexual experience -LACK of school or career goals -Substance abuse -Poor school performance

Mental and Social Health Issues

-Elderly tend to UNDERutilize mental health services -*Depression and Alcoholism* are common problems in the elderly -*Suicide* is higher among *elderly males* than any other group -Elder abuse is a concern

Physicians and elderly about sex

-Talk to your elderly patients about their sex lives. -Help to NORMALIZE the view of elder sexuality. -Ask them about their contraceptive use/protection. -Don't overlook or misinterpret signs of STIs

In order for a therapist to break confidentiality & warn an intended victim of the client's HIV status, 5 facts have to be proven:

-The client is HIV positive -The client/victim engaged in unprotected sex or shared drug injection equipment -The behavior is actually unsafe -Client intends to continue the behavior after being counseled -HIV transmission will likely occur

To fulfill the Duty to Warn the following criteria have to met:

-There is a genuine Therapist/Client Relationship -The client has communicated a serious & imminent threat of physical violence -The threat is against identifiable victim

Retirement

-Usually: aged 65 and over -Some professions encourage EARLY retirement -Often, have 16-20 more years of life to enjoy -If NOT yet ready to retire this can lead to psychological stress and crisis

LGBT: High Risk Sex behavior

-Young gay men report more *inconsistent* condom use, more multiple partners, and illicit drug use (compared with straight young men) -Mixed race LB girls 400% higher UNPROTECTED vaginal sex with boys and 400% higher sex with multiple male partners (compared with Caucasian LB girls)

Psychoanalytic, Ego Psychology, Psychosocial & Object Relations Theory all share what kind of Theoretical approach?

Psychoanalytic (or Psycho-dynamic)

Cause-and-effect relationships

Psychologist use experiments to determine

6.02

Public Participation Social workers should facilitate informed participation by the public in shaping social policies and institutions.

Correlational studies

Purpose is to determine the way in which something is associated with something else. Correlation implies association, not causation

Exploratory research

Purpose is to gain familiarity with phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it; often in order to formulate a more precise research problem or develop hypotheses.

Wernicke's Area

Puts words together and breaks them apart to speak and understanding

Family Based