AT Final

In a weight-loss program, how many pounds should ideally be lost per week?

1 to 2

The space between the top of the face guard and lower edge of the helmet should be:

3 inches

Most people replace only about _____ percent of the water they lose through sweating.

50

Shivering ceases below a body temperature of:

85 degrees Fahrenheit to 90 degrees Fahrenheit

An alpine skier catches his right ski tip and severely twists his lower leg. What type of serious injury could be created by this mechanism?

A compression fracture could have occurred. A spiral fracture could have occurred.

Which of the following best describes malfeasance (act of commission)?

A legal wrong that is committed when an individual performs an act that is not her legal duty

Which of the following exercises is appropriate for improving strength in a young adolescent athlete?

All of these

The court acknowledges that hazards are present in sports. This concept is called:

Assumption of risk

Which of the following organizations does NOT offer certifications for personal fitness trainers?

BOC

Which of the following organizations is the official governing body that currently accredits athletic training education programs?

CAATE

What type of code identifies specific medical procedures used in treating a patient?

CPT

Sugars and starches are examples of:

Carbohydrates

Scenario: The principal at All-American High School has received a mandate from the school board to develop a risk management plan for the athletic program. The principal asks the athletic trainer to chair a committee to develop this plan. Which of the following considerations are important for inclusion in this risk management plan? (Select all that apply)

Develop, implement, and practice an emergency action plan for all venues. Routine electrical safety checks. Security issues, such as who has access to the athletic training facility. Plan for evacuating buildings in case of fire or other emergency.

Which of the following definitions best describes the field of "sports medicine"?

Different specialized areas related to performance and injury

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle?

Elastic

__________ is a property that allows a tissue to return to normal following deformation.

Elasticity

In general, what length of time do plaintiffs have to file a lawsuit for negligence?

Five years

What should be considered as the major concern of an athletic trainer?

Focusing on the injured patient

Which of the following factors could limit flexibility? (Check all that apply.)

Gender Excessive fat Neural tissue tightness

Which type of insurance coverage is designed to cover an athlete's illness, hospitalization, and emergency care?

General health insurance

Which of the following regulates how an athlete's health information can be shared?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Identify the cause of the most indirect sports-related deaths.

Heatstroke

A team physician:

Is the final authority in determining when an athlete may return to play

The state of being legally responsible for the harm one causes another person is:

Liability

Which of the following are requirements for the sports specialization certification for physical therapy?

Licensed to practice

Which of the following is not a component of an athletic shoe?

Lowers

An athletic trainer is performing ultrasound on a patient and accidentally burns the patient. What type of legal concern is this?

Misfeasance

Which of the following organizations is responsible for creating minimum safety standards for equipment?

National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment

Please check all of the following signs and symptoms of hyponatremia.

Nausea

The temporary loss of nerve function is referred to as:

Neuropraxis

Which of the following is known as the science of the substances in food that are essential to life?

Nutrition

The relaxation of the antagonist muscle in response to an agonist contraction is known as:

Reciprocal inhibition

Which of the following knee braces would be used to control range of motion after surgical repair?

Rehabilitative

Epiphyseal growth plate injuries have been classified into five types by:

Salter-Harris

Which of the following refers to the relative ability of a tissue to resist a particular load?

Stiffness

What is the first step that should be taken after seeing lightning or hearing thunder?

Stop activity at once and seek shelter

The extent of the deformation of tissue when it is loaded is referred to as:

Strain

An effective bra holds the breasts to the chest to prevent:

Stretching of the ligaments of Cooper

All of the following are pain sources EXCEPT:

Superficial

Inflammation of a tendon that is manifested by pain on movement, swelling, possibly some warmth, and usually crepitus is referred to as:

Tendinitis

Scenario: A baseball batter was struck with a pitched ball directly in the orbit of the right eye and fell immediately to the ground. The athletic trainer ran to the player to examine the eye. There was some immediate swelling and discoloration around the orbit, but the eye appeared to be normal. The player insisted that he was fine and told the athletic trainer he could continue to bat. After the game the athletic trainer told the athlete to go back to his room, put ice on his eye, and check in tomorrow. That night the baseball player began to hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye and suffered irreparable damage to his eye. An ophthalmologist stated if the athlete's eye had been examined immediately after the injury, the bleeding could have been controlled and there would not have been any damage to his vision. If the athlete brings a lawsuit against the athletic trainer, what must the athlete prove if he is to win a judgment? (Select all that apply)

The athletic trainer committed a breach of duty that caused the injury to become worse. The athletic trainer has no medical expertise. The athletic trainer did not act in accordance with the standard of care.

Which of the following should an athletic trainer consider while introducing a preseason conditioning program to acclimatize athletes?

The first two to three weeks of preseason present the greatest risk of exertion-related illnesses.

Scenario: An 11-year-old soccer player fell on an outstretched hand during practice. There is obvious deformity in her right wrist. What is a possible complication with a fracture in this wrist?

The injury she suffered could impair growth. These injuries can impair further skeletal development.

Which period in the mesocycle involves high-intensity conditioning at a low volume?

The preparatory period

Scenario: A wrestler collapses during a match and exhibits signs of profuse sweating, pale skin, mildly elevated temperature (102 degrees Fahrenheit), dizziness, hyperventilation, and rapid pulse. When questioned by the athletic trainer, the wrestler indicated that earlier in the day he took diuretic medication to facilitate water loss in an effort to help him make weight. What type of illness is the athlete experiencing, and what needs to done to manage this situation?

The wrestler (if conscious) should be forced to consume a reasonable amount of water to assist with fluid. The wrestler is suffering from exertional heat exhaustion. The wrestler should have the athletic trainer call 911 immediately. The wrestler should be counseled about the consequences of taking a diuretic. The wrestler should be given IV fluids if a doctor is available, his condition worsens, or if he is unable to consume water without vomiting.

Which of the following statements is true of micronutrients?

They are necessary for regulating normal body functions.

When fitting shoulder pads, the inside shoulder pad should cover the:

Tip of the shoulder in direct line with the lateral aspect of the shoulder

A legal wrong that is committed against a person or property is known as:

Tort

A first-time dislocation should always be considered and treated as a possible fracture.

True

According to the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, all football helmets must have warning labels informing athletes of the potential risks involved.

True

An individual who fails to provide acceptable care and causes harm to the athlete is considered negligent.

True

When considering who is to be served by an athletic training facility, it is important to consult school liability insurance to determine who may be treated.

True

The greatest rate at which oxygen can be taken in and utilized during exercise is referred to as:

VO2 max

Please select only the major classes of nutrients by clicking the appropriate boxes.

Vitamins Carbohydrates Proteins Electrolytes Fats Fiber Water Minerals

Scenario: A young woman training for a marathon is complaining of pain in the lower leg. She consults with her physician, who determines that she has a stress fracture. She is confused about how a stress fracture is different from a normal fracture. Explain the difference between the two, and what is the course of management?

A stress fracture is an irritation of the bone.

Which of the following statements is true of apophyses?

A young, physically immature athlete is particularly prone to apophyseal injuries.

Which of the following groups are fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

Which of the following conditions is transient and occurs during and immediately after exercise?

Acute-onset muscle soreness

If the intensity of an activity is such that sufficient oxygen can be supplied to meet the demands of working tissues, the activity is:

Aerobic

Which of the following nerve fibers transmit impulses from nociceptors toward the spinal cord?

Afferent fibers

An athletic trainer who burns an athlete through improper handling of a therapeutic agent could be found to be _____.

All of these

Which of the following causes pain at rest and usually elicits a "jump sign," with the patient crying out, wincing, or withdrawing from the stimulus when firm pressure is applied over the point?

An active trigger point

The Golgi tendon organs respond to increased tension in muscles after:

At least 6 seconds

Which of the following individuals is NOT considered a fitness professional?

Athletic Trainer

he most efficient source of energy is:

Carbohydrates

Scenario: A field hockey player falls and sustains an acute fracture of the left humerus. What are the healing events typical of this acute bone fracture?

Cellular proliferation is a typical event. The first healing stage that the bone would go through is the formation of a hematoma. Ossification is an important stage in the healing process.

Which of the following types of tissue loading is produced by external loads applied toward one another on opposite surfaces in opposite directions?

Compression

Which of the following fractures occur on the side opposite the point at which trauma was initiated?

Contrecoup fractures

A disadvantage of contact lenses is the possibility of:

Corneal irritation caused by dust getting under the lens

Please check all factors that impede healing.

Dynamic splint Infection

Please check all of the following conditions that would recommend disqualification from a contact or collision sport.

Enlarged spleen Enlarged liver Carditis Inguinal hernia

Which of the following is the most effective means that the body has to dissipate heat when the temperature and radiant heat of the environment are higher than the body temperature?

Evaporation

Which of the following heat disorders is characterized by profuse sweating, diarrhea, persistent muscle cramps, and dizziness with loss of coordination?

Exertional heat exhaustion

Scenario: A college freshman on the varsity basketball team lacks motivation to improve her strength and fitness over the summer and during the off-season. The coaches are frustrated with her attitude and come to the athletic trainer for advice. How can you convince the athlete of the importance of strength and conditioning?

Explain how strength can positively affect her performance. Have a discussion with the athlete regarding the benefits of strength and conditioning. Explain how strength and conditioning can help to prevent athletic injuries.

Which of the following protects the privacy of a student's educational record?

FERPA

A sports medicine physician can only be a allopathic physician.

False

All body tissues are considered to be soft tissue.

False

Consistent evidence to support the use of mouth guards for reducing or minimizing concussion is available.

False

During the inflammatory response phase of healing, vasoconstriction causes swelling and redness.

False

Nociceptors are insensitive to mechanical and thermal stimuli.

False

The glucose that is not needed for immediate energy is stored as glycogen in the spleen.

False

When a tendon is loaded by tension, the wavy, collagenous fibers retain their original shape, and when the tension is released, the collagen straightens in the direction of the load.

False

The purpose of having a personal information card on each athlete is to record:

Family and insurance information

When a sprinter runs a 50-yard dash, he/she is primarily using which type of muscle fiber?

Fast-twitch type IIb

Scenario: An athlete sustained a grade 2 lateral ankle sprain three weeks ago. It was given proper immediate and follow-up care. What repair has taken place during this time?

Granulation tissue will be formed.

Scenario: A high school shot putter has been working intensely on weight training to improve his muscular strength. In particular, he has been concentrating on lifting extremely heavy free weights using a low number of repetitions (three sets of six to eight repetitions). Although his strength has improved significantly over the last several months, he is not seeing the same degree of improvement in his throws, even though his coach says his technique is very good. The athlete is frustrated with his performance and wants to know if there is anything else he can incorporate into his training program that might enhance his performance.

Have the athlete focus on increasing aerobic activities. Have the athlete use powerlifting techniques. Have the athlete train using dynamic, explosive power.

Which of the following chemical mediators is a vasodilator released from injured mast cells?

Histamine

The primary purpose of a preparticipation health exam is to:

Identify whether an athlete is at risk before he/she participates

Which of the following form a triad that can lead to musculoskeletal injury in a cold environment?

Inadequate clothing, improper warm-up, and a high chill factor

Identify a true statement about the healing process of stress fractures.

It involves restoring a balance of osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity.

The Board of Certification established continuing education requirements to encourage certified athletic trainers to:

Master new athletic training-related skills and techniques

Please check all of the following methods that would be useful in preventing a heat injury.

Measure temperature and humidity on the practice or playing field Identify individuals that are susceptible to heat illness Avoid excessive padding and taping

Which third-party payer would provide financial assistance for medical treatment to an athlete who comes from a family with a low income?

Medicaid

The contract between an insurance company and an individual, in which the insurance company agrees to pay for medical costs, is called:

Medical insurance

As a tendon is usually double the strength of the muscle it serves, tears commonly occur at all of the following sites except in the:

Mid-tendon area

Failure to use ordinary or reasonable care is known as:

Negligence

Neoprene sleeves, shoe inserts, heel cups, ankle braces, and helmets are all considered:

Off-the-shelf equipment

Which of the following injuries is a consequence of microtrauma or repetitive stress?

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Which of the following are bone-producing cells?

Osteoblasts

The constant ongoing remodeling of bone is caused by:

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Which third-party payer usually involves a major hospital or hospital chain and its physicians?

PHO

Which third-party payer is a combination of the HMO and PPO plan, yet allows members to go outside the HMO to obtain services?

POS

Which of the following statements is true of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections?

PRP injections are used to promote the natural healing of ligament sprains.

Referred pain is:

Pain that is felt at a point of the body other than its actual origin

An athlete suffering from high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) may experience all of the following EXCEPT:

Pale skin

Which of the following signs is NOT present during the inflammatory response phase?

Pallor

_____ uses a quick, eccentric muscular contraction to facilitate a more explosive concentric muscular contraction.

Plyometric training

Which of the following allow individuals discount health care, but only if they see a physician on the approved list?

Preferred provider organizations

Scenario: The members of the school board at All-American High School voted to allocate $25,000 to renovate a 25 ft. x 40 ft. storage space and to purchase new equipment for an athletic training facility. The athletic trainer has been asked to provide the school principal with a wish list of what should be included in this facility. The physical renovation will cost approximately $17,000. How may this space be best used, and what type of equipment should be purchased to maximize the effectiveness of this new facility? (Select all that apply)

Purchase a low-power laser. Purchase an ice machine. Have an area that is specifically designated for rehabilitation and taping. Purchase an ultrasound/e-stem unit. Purchase a swim-ex. Make sure that a hydrotherapy area is available.

Scenario: A dancer has been told by the choreographer in her dance company that she is slightly overweight and needs to lose a few pounds. The dancer has been watching television and reading about how important it is to limit the dietary intake of fat for losing weight. She has decided to go on a diet that is essentially no-carbohydrate and is totally convinced that this will help her lose weight. What should you tell her about avoiding the excessive intake of fat as a means of losing weight?

Remind the dancer that increasing physical activity will help burn calories. Inform the dancer that it is essential to consume at least some amount of fat.

Scenario: A track athlete is competing in a daylong outdoor track meet. She is extremely concerned about getting sunburned and has liberally applied sunscreen with an SPF of 30 during the early morning. It is a hot, sunny day, and she is sweating heavily. She is worried that her sunscreen has worn off and asks the athletic trainer for more sunscreen. The athletic trainer hands her sunscreen with an SPF of 15 and she complains that it is not strong enough to protect her. What can the athletic trainer tell the athlete to assure her that she will be well protected by the sunscreen she has been given?

Tell the athlete that SPF indicates the sunscreen's effectiveness in absorbing the sunburn-inducing radiation. Explain that she will not get any more burned as long as she applies the sunscreen twice as often.

Scenario: A college swimmer has been engaged in an off-season weight-training program to increase her muscular strength and endurance. Although she has seen some improvement in her strength, she is concerned that she also seems to be losing flexibility in her shoulders, which she feels is critical to her performance as a swimmer. She has also noticed that her muscles are hypertrophying to some degree and is worried that this may be causing her to lose flexibility. She has just about decided to abandon her weight-training program altogether. What can be recommended to her that will allow her to continue to improve her muscular strength and endurance while simultaneously maintaining or perhaps even improving her flexibility?

Tell the athlete to incorporate ballistic stretching into her weight lifting regimen. Make sure that the athlete is lifting weights through a full range of motion. Ensure that the athlete is utilizing proper lifting techniques. Tell the athlete to incorporate active stretching into her lifting program.

Which of the following is true of lacrosse helmets?

They are only required for male lacrosse players.

An SPF of 10 means that an athlete can be exposed to ultraviolet light 10 times longer than without a sunscreen before the skin will turn red.

True

Athletic trainers who act in an unethical manner can ultimately lose their certification.

True

Avulsion fractures are common when bone tissue is weaker than the tendon or ligament attaching onto it.

True

Chronic inflammation involves the production of granulation tissue and fibrous connective tissue.

True

DOMS becomes most intense after twenty-four to 48 hours and then gradually subsides.

True

If an individual modifies a piece of protective equipment and an athlete sustains an injury, that individual can be held liable.

True

In a secondary-school setting, an athletic trainer must take the time to explain and inform the parents about injury management and prevention.

True