ATI Engage Fundamentals (Foundational Nursing Concepts of Nursing Practice) Medication Administration

A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin suspension 300 mg PO, twice per day. The amount available is phenytoin suspension 125 mg/D mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

12 mL Follow these steps for the Ratio and Proportion method of calculation: Step 1: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? mL Step 2: What is the dose the nurse should administer? Dose to administer = Desired 300 mg Step 3: What is the dose available? Dose available = Have 125 mg Step 4: Should the nurse convert the units of measurement? No Step 5: What is the quantity of the dose available? 5 mL Step 6: Set up an equation and solve for X. HaveDesired = QuantityX 125 mg300 mg = 5 mLX XmL = 12 mL

A nurse is preparing to administer clindamycin 0.3 g IM to a client. Available is clindamycin 150 mg/mL. How many Ml should the nurse administer?

2 mL Follow these steps for the Ratio and Proportion method of calculation: Step 1: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? mL Step 2: What is the dose the nurse should administer? Dose to administer = Desired 0.3 g Step 3: What is the dose available? Dose available = Have 150 mg Step 4: Should the nurse convert the units of measurement? Yes (g does not equal mg) 1 g0.3 g = 1,000 mgX mg X mg = 300 mg Step 5: What is the quantity of the dose available? 1 mL Step 6: Set up an equation and solve for X. HaveDesired = QuantityX 150 mg300 mg = 1 mLX mL X mL = 2 mL

A nurse is preparing to administer amikacin 7 mg/kg/day IM to a client who weighs 165 pounds. Available is amikacin 250 mg/mL solution for injection. How many Ml should the nurse administer per dose?

2.1 mL Follow these steps for the Ratio and Proportion method of calculation: Step 1: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? kg Step 2: Set up an equation and solve for X. 2.2 lbClient's weight in lb = 1 kgX kg 2.2 lb165 lb = 1 kgX kg X kg = 75 kg Step 3: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? mg Step 4: Set up an equation and solve for X. X = Dose per kg × Client's weight in kg X mg = 7 mg/kg × 75 kg X mg = 525 mg Step 5: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? mL Step 6: What is the dose the nurse should administer? Dose to administer = Desired 525 mg Step 7: What is the dose available? Dose available = Have 250 mg Step 8: Should the nurse convert the units of measurement? No Step 9: What is the quantity of the dose available? 1 mL Step 10: Set up an equation and solve for X. HaveDesired = QuantityX 250 mg525 mg = 1 mLX mL X mL = 2.1 mL Step 11: Round if necessary. Step 12: Determine whether the amount to administer makes sense. If there is 250 mg/mL available and the prescription reads 7 mg/kg/day for a client who weighs 75 kg, it makes sense to administer 2.1 mL. The nurse should administer amikacin 2.1 mL.

A nurse is reviewing measurement systems to perform dosage calculations with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. To convert g to mg, move the decimal point 3 places to the right. Calculation in the metric system moves the decimal either to the left or to the right. When converting from smaller to larger, move the decimal to the correct number of places to the left. When converting from larger to smaller, move the decimal the correct places to the right.

A charge nurse is reviewing routes of medication administration with a newly licensed nurse when providing care to a client. Which of the following routes of administration should the charge nurse include as having the slowest onset of action?

B. Oral The oral route, while convenient and most preferred by clients, has a slow onset of action.

A nurse is collecting data on a client who is receiving vancomycin IV. the nurse observes the client has a rash on their neck, chest, and back. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

B. Stop the infusion of the vancomycin The greatest risk to the client is injury from an acute allergic reaction. Therefore, the first action the nurse should take is to stop the infusion of the vancomycin to reduce the risk of further injury.

A nurse is assisting with teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. which of the following actions should the nurse take?

B. have the client perform a return demonstration of the procedure The nurse should have the client perform a return demonstration of the procedure to determine the client's understanding.

A nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify is at the greatest risk of developing medication toxicity?

C. A client who has impaired kidney function The nurse should identify that the client who has impaired kidney function is at the greatest risk for medication toxicity because many medications are excreted by the kidneys, A decrease in function of the kidneys can result in a buildup of medication metabolites.

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client who has an enteral feeding tube. which of the following actions should the nurse take?

C. Administer the medication to the client in a liquid form The nurse should administer the medication in a liquid form to reduce the risk of clogging the feeding tube. The nurse should consult with the pharmacist to determine which medications are available as a liquid and which can be crushed and mixed with water prior to administration.

A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

C. Have a second nurse confirm the insulin dose The first action the nurse should take is to have a second nurse confirm the insulin dose to reduce the risk for a medication error. All forms of insulin are considered high alert medications that require a second nurse to confirm the dosage prior to medication administration.

A nurse is preparing to administer an intradermal injection to a client. At which of the following degree angles should the nurse insert the needle?

D. 10 degree angle The nurse should insert the needle at a 5° to 15° angle about 1/8 inch under the skin and observe for the tip of the needle, which would indicate that the needle is in the intradermal layer of the client's skin.

A nurse has received a prescription to administer a medication STAT to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

D. Administer the medication within 30 min of the health care provider prescribing the medication STAT medication prescriptions should be given immediately and usually one time. STAT prescriptions should be administered within 30 min of the health care provider prescribing the medication.

A nurse is planning to use the teach-back method to educate a client about a new antihypertensive medication. which of the following should the nurse include to demonstrate this method?

D. Ask the client to explain to information using their own words. The teach-back method is a teaching approach in which the client repeats the instructions or information back to the nurse using their own words. This method allows the nurse to determine the client's understanding of the information and whether further education is required.

A nurse is scheduled to administer a medication to a client who is currently in the bathroom. which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

D. Come back in a few minutes to administer the medication. The nurse should wait for the client to finish in the bathroom or come back in a few minutes to administer the medication to ensure the medication is safely administered. The nurse should stay with the client until the medication is completely administered via the correct route.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include?

D. Encourage the client to ask questions The nurse should encourage the client to ask questions to facilitate an active role in their own care and promote an understanding of the education.

A nurse is preparing to administer medications ot a preschooler. which of the following information should the nurse keep in mind when administering medications to this client?

D. The deltoid muscle can be used to administer intramuscular injections in preschoolers as well as in adults The deltoid muscle can be used to administer intramuscular injections in preschoolers as well as in adults.

A nurse is reinforcing reaching with a client who has a new prescription for an antibiotic to treat a urinary tract infection. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

D. finish the entire course of the prescription The nurse should instruct the client to complete the entire course of the antibiotic prescription, even if they are feeling better, to eradicate the infection.

A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client who is not wearing an identification bracelet. Which of the following actions should the nurse take before administering the medication?

D. have the client confirm their name and date of birth The client's identity must be verified using two unique identifiers prior to medication administration to ensure the correct medication is being given to the right client. The nurse should confirm the client's identity and replace the client's identification band.

A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 320 mg oral solution to a school-age child. The amount available to acetaminophen oral solution 160 mg/5mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?

- 10 mL Follow these steps for the Ratio and Proportion method of calculation: Step 1: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? mL Step 2: What is the dose the nurse should administer? Dose to administer = Desired 320 mg Step 3: What is the dose available? Dose available = Have 160 mg Step 4: Should the nurse convert the units of measurement? No Step 5: What is the quantity of the dose available? 5 mL Step 6: Set up an equation and solve for X. HaveDesired = QuantityX 160 mg320 mg = 5 mLX mL X mL = 10 mL Step 7: Round if necessary. Step 8: Determine whether the amount to administer makes sense. If there are 160 mg/5 mL available and the prescription reads 160 mg, it makes sense to administer 10 mL. The nurse should administer 10 mL.

A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following factors contributes to medication errors?

- Administering medication outside of prescribed time intervals is correct. Medication administration outside of prescribed time intervals contributes to medication errors, also known as wrong-time errors. Wrong-time errors are one of the most common causes of medication errors. - Failing to administer a medication is correct. The nurse failing to administer a medication to a client is one of the most common causes of medication errors. - Incorrect dose of the prescribed medication administered to the client is correct. Administering the incorrect dose to a client is one of the most common causes of medication errors.

A nurse is reviewing the pharmacokinetics of medications with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should include that which of the following factors can affect the rate of absorption?

- Age of the client is correct. The nurse should include that the age of the client affects the rate of absorption of medications. In older adult clients, delayed gastric emptying can slow the absorption rate of oral medications. - Lipid solubility of a medication is correct. The lipid solubility of a medication affects the rate of absorption. A medication that is highly lipid soluble has a higher rate of absorption than one that has low lipid solubility. - Route of administration is correct. The nurse should include that the route of administration affects the rate of absorption of medications. Oral or enteral medications are absorbed at a slower rate than intravenous medications.

A nurse is assisting with teaching a client who has a new prescription for a nitroglycerin patch. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

- Ask the client what they know about the nitroglycerin patch is correct. The nurse should check to determine what the client already knows about the medication when beginning to reinforce teaching. The nurse should build on the client's existing knowledge to provide effective teaching. - Determine the client's ability to apply the patch is correct. The nurse should determine the client's ability to perform the skill of applying the patch. The nurse should ask the client to provide a return demonstration to determine whether the client is able to perform the procedure. - Check the client's reading comprehension level is correct. The nurse should check the client's reading comprehension level to make sure they can read and understand any written material.

A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about administering a transdermal nitroglycerin patch to a client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

- D. Wear clean gloves to apply the transdermal medication The nurse should wear clean gloves to apply the transdermal patch to protect the nurse from accidentally absorbing the medication.

A nurse is participating in a committee to reduce medication errors on a medical unit. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?

- Mark the area around the automated medication dispensing system is correct. The nurse should recommend marking the area around the automated medication dispensing system to stop people from interrupting the nurse working in the labeled area. Interruptions while dispensing medications can result in medication administration errors. - Provide the nurse administering medications with a vest is correct. The nurse should recommend providing the nurse administering medications with a vest to indicate they should not be interrupted. Interruptions while dispensing medications can result in medication administration errors. - Double check dosages of high-alert medications is correct. The nurse should recommend to double check dosages and calculations for high-alert medications with a second nurse to reduce medication errors.

A nurse is performing a medication reconcillation for a client who is being transferred to a long-term care facility. which of the following actions should the nurse take>

- Place the medication reconciliation form with the client's transfer documents is correct. The nurse should include the medication reconciliation with the transfer documents to provide an accurate, up-to-date list of the client's medications and reduce the risk of medication error. - Reinforce teaching about the medications with the client upon discharge is correct. The nurse should reinforce teaching about medications with the client upon discharge to promote safe and effective care. - Include over-the-counter medications in the medication reconciliation is correct. The nurse should include all medications the client currently takes, including over-the-counter medications, herbal supplements, and vitamins. - Compare the client's home medications with prescribed discharge medications is correct. The medication reconciliation process involves the comparison of the client's home medications against prescribed discharge medications. The nurse should note any duplications or discrepancies.