ATI - G&D Exit Exam Proctered

The parents of a 3½ -year-old tell the nurse that their child has become a "picky eater" and has not gained much weight. How should the nurse respond?

"Your child is growing slower; preschoolers don't have large appetites." - Growth slows after the first year of life, and preschoolers and toddlers eat less.

What is the cognitive developmental stage of school-age children?

Concrete operations -School-age children are considered to be in the concrete operations stage of cognitive development.

A nurse is preparing to administer dextrose 5% in water IV to infuse at 100 mL/60 min. The drop factor on the manual IV tubing is 60 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the IV flow rate to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

100 gtt/min

A nurse is teaching a mother about the immunization schedule for her baby. Between what months of age should the measles vaccine be given?

12 and 15 - Between 12 and 15 months is the optimal age because maternal antibodies to measles are no longer present to block the formation of the child's own antibodies.

While a 3-month-old infant is at the well-baby clinic for a checkup, the parents express concern that their baby still has a soft spot on the top of the head. The nurse informs the parents that their infant's anterior fontanel will close around:

12 to 18 months of age - According to the standards of growth and development, the anterior fontanel closes between 12 and 18 months of age

A nurse in the pediatric clinic is reviewing the chart of a 1-year-old infant before the examination. The infant's birthweight was 7 lb 8 oz. What weight should the nurse expect the infant to be at 1 year of age? Record your answer rounding to one decimal place. __________ lb

22.5 lbs

While playing, a child takes a few pebbles and places them in order from smallest to largest. What stage of cognitive development does the child's behavior demonstrate?

Concrete operatons -During the stage of concrete operations, the child's thought becomes more logical and coherent. The child in this stage is able to classify, sort, order, and organize facts about the world to use in problem-solving. Therefore, the child placing the pebbles in order of smallest to largest indicates that the child is in the stage of concrete operations.

A nurse is planning home care for a school-age child who is awaiting discharge to home following an acute asthma attack. What growth and development stage according to Erikson should the nurse consider in the planning?

Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age children, according to Erikson's developmental stages of industry vs. inferiority, engage in tasks and activities that help them develop competence and perseverance.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about health promotion with an adolescent. The nurse include what as the leading cause of death among this age group?

Injuries - Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among adolescents.

A dying client is coping with feelings regarding impending death. The nurse bases care on the theory of death and dying by Kübler-Ross. During which stage of grieving should the nurse primarily use nonverbal interventions?

Acceptance - Communication and interventions during the acceptance stage are mainly nonverbal (e.g., holding the client's hand). The nurse should be quiet but available.

When does the Babinski reflex disappear?

After 12 months - The Babinski reflex disappears after 1 year or 12 months.

According to Kübler-Ross, during what stage of grieving are individuals with serious health problems most likely to seek other medical opinions?

Denial - Denial includes feelings that the health care provider has made a mistake, so the client seeks additional opinions.

Considering Erikson's developmental theories, a 21-year-old male client who has sustained a spinal injury below the level of T6 will most likely have difficulty with:

Developing meaningful relationships - Developing meaningful relationships is the young-adult task associated with intimacy versus isolation.

What is the cognitive developmental stage of adolescents according to Piaget?

Formal operations stage - According to Piaget, the cognitive development stage of adolescents is called the formal operations stage. This stage involves the logical use of symbols related to concepts that are abstract.

What theory explains psychosexual development through infancy to adolescence?

Freud's theory - Psychosexual development through the five developmental stages is explained by Freud's theory.

A middle-aged adult contributes to future generations through parenthood, teaching, and community involvement. What stage of Erikson's theory does this relate?

Generativity vs. Stagnation - In the generativity versus stagnation stage, the adult focuses on supporting future generations. Middle-aged adults achieve success in this stage by contributing to future generations through parenthood, teaching, and community involvement.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of an adolescent about expected development. What developmental tasks should the nurse instruct the parents to expect the adolescent to achieve?

Identity - The adolescent should achieve the developmental task of establishing an identity.

A toddler has frequent temper tantrums. The parents ask a nurse how to limit this acting-out behavior. What should the nurse recommend?

Ignore the tantrum whenever possible - Ignoring the temper tantrum as long as the child is not causing self-harm avoids reinforcement of the behavior.

A 10-year-old child has been working on earning all of the scouting badges. What Erickson stage of psychosocial development is this child achieving?

Industry - The school-aged child is working on industry versus inferiority. A sense of accomplishment is an important part of this stage.

An 8-year-old girl boasts to the nurse that she got a gold star every day last week for doing all her daily chores. What is this child's developmental stage according to Erikson?

Industry vs. Inferiority - According to Erikson's developmental theory, children who are 6 to 12 years of age are in the stage of industry versus inferiority. In this stage, they are interested in performing tasks to attain achievement.

A nurse in the family planning clinic reviews the health history of a sexually active 16-year-old girl whose chief concern is a thick, burning vaginal discharge accompanied by low abdominal pain. After her examination, the girl is informed that she may have a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that requires treatment. The adolescent is concerned that her parents will discover that she is sexually active. She asks the nurse whether her parents will be contacted. The nurse explains that her parents will:

Not be contacted, because treatment at the clinic is confidential - Federal law allows family planning clinics to maintain minors' confidentiality, although individual states may have different regulations. There is a concern that teenagers will not seek or continue treatment if they fear disclosure.

A nurse is collecting data from a child and notes the presence of bruises on her arms and legs. What action should the nurse take first?

Obtain a detailed history - The nurse should first obtain a history in order to determine possible causes of the bruises. While collecting additional data, the nurse should observe the parent and child for other indicators of abuse.

In what stage of development can a child identify with the parent of the same sex, according to Freud's theory?

Phallic - The development of sexual identity is the major developmental task in the phallic stage. Therefore, identification with the parent of the same sex takes place in this stage.

A nurse is caring for 3-year-old children. At what stage of cognitive thought does the nurse expect them to be?

Preconceptional - According to Piaget, at approximately 2 years of age the toddler enters the preconceptional phase of cognitive thought, which lasts, at most, until about 4 years of age; the preconceptional phase is a subdivision of the preoperational stage, which lasts from 2 years to 7 years of age.

A client on hospice care is receiving palliative treatment. A palliative approach involves planning measures to:

Relieve the client's discomfort - Palliative measures are aimed at relieving discomfort without curing the problem.

In all states of the United States, what is the professional nurse's legal responsibility regarding child abuse?

Report any suspected abuse to local law enforcement authorities - In all states in the United States, nurses and physicians are legally responsible for reporting suspected or actual abuse. Child protective services may obtain a court order to grant temporary guardianship if it is found that the child is in immediate danger. The other answer options do not fulfill the nurse's duty to report suspected child abuse.

What concept of death should a nurse expect a 4-year-old child to have?

Reversible separation - Preschoolers view death as a separation; they believe that the deceased will return to life. This is part of their fantasy world. Preschoolers view death as a separation, or possibly a kind of sleep, and expect the deceased to return or wake up.

What developmental stage is Jean Piaget's first stage of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor - Jean Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years).

According to Piaget, what behavior should the nurse expect to find in a 7-year-old child?

The child classifies and sorts facts to solve problems - A 7-year-old child is usually in the concrete operation stage of Piaget's development theory, and should have the ability to classify and sort problems.

During a well-baby clinic visit, the nurse finds that a 1-year-old infant says "ma" and "pa." The infant does not say anything else and uses gestures to communicate. What should the nurse infer from this finding?

The infant exhibits normal language development - Infants usually use very few words to convey their needs, and rely mostly on gestures. Therefore, the infant has normal language development.

A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 10/mg/kg PO to a preschool child for fever. The child weighs 22 lb. Available is acetaminophen liquid 160 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

X = 3.125

What toddler behavior reflects animism?

Toddlers attribute lifelike qualities to inanimate objects - Toddlers tend to attribute lifelike qualities to inanimate objects; this behavior is called animism. They may talk to toys or scold the floor.

What is a characteristic of play among toddlers?

Toddlers play beside each other - Toddlers tend to play beside each other, not with each other. This type of play is called parallel play

What is a characteristic of play among toddlers?

Toddlers play beside each other - Toddlers tend to play beside each other, not with each other. This type of play is called parallel play.

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who had an incident of bedwetting during hospitalization. The child's parents expresses concern about the incident. What response should the nurse make?

"Children who are hospitalized often regress. The toileting skills will return when your child is feeling better." - A recently learned skill, such as toilet training, is often temporarily lost due to the stress of hospitalization. It is appropriate to reassure the parents that regression is an expected behavior in children who are hospitalized, and that they regain bladder control when their health improves.

A 6-week-old infant grasps a rattle placed in the hand. The mother is impressed with this skill. What should the nurse teach the mother about this behavior?

This is the palmar grasp reflux and is expected at this age -The palmar grasp reflex is expected at 6 weeks of age, begins to fade at 2 months, and disappears by 4 months.

A nurse is collecting data from a 10-year-old child during a well-child visit. What statement by the child indicates he is meeting the psychosocial development expectations of a school-age child?

"I really want to do well in school." - Erikson's stage of psychosocial development for a 10-year-old client is industry vs. inferiority. Children at this age want to perform well in school to develop a sense of accomplishment.

The registered nurse is teaching the mother of an infant about the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). What statement by the mother indicates effective learning?

"I will position my baby on the back while sleeping." - Sleeping on the stomach may cause upper airway obstruction and increase the risk of SIDS. Therefore, infants should be placed on their backs to decrease this risk

The nurse provides nutritional counseling to the parents of a 6-month-old formula-fed infant who will begin eating solid foods. What statement by a parent indicates understanding of the nurse's advice?

"I'll keep give him formula instead of regular cow's milk." - Infants should receive formula or breast milk for a full year; cow's milk should not be introduced until 1 year of age.

What statement by a nursing student about Kohlberg's theory of moral development indicates the need for further teaching about the theory?

"Individuals move through all six stages in a sequential fashion." - Kohlberg's theory states that individuals move through the six stages of development in a sequential fashion but that not everyone reaches stages 5 or 6 as part of their development of personal morality.

A nurse is talking with a 13-year-old female client who is having her annual health-screening visit. What comment by the client should concern the nurse?

"None of the kids at my school like me, and I don't like them either." - This statement should concern the nurse, as developing a peer group is critical to adolescent development and self-esteem. The nurse should explore this comment in greater depth.

The nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the formal operations stage of Piaget's cognitive developmental theory. The appropriate response by the nursing student is what?

"The child has the ability to think abstractly." - In the formal operations stage, the child has the ability to think abstractly and solve problems.

The parents of a 4-year-old child tell the nurse that they are concerned because the child has been masturbating. What is the appropriate response by the nurse?

"This is a normal behavior at this age." -According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the child is in the phallic stage between the ages of 3 and 6 years. At this time, the child devotes much energy to examining his or her genitalia, masturbating, and expressing interest in sexual concerns.

During a clinic visit a 4-year-old girl suddenly yells, "Don't sit on Erin!" The parent whispers that Erin is an imaginary friend. What is the nurse's best action?

Avoiding sitting where the child says her imaginary friend is located - Imaginary friends are typical of children of this age. Avoiding injury to the child's imaginary friend will result in less stress for the child. There is no evidence that the parents are having difficulty with child-rearing.

A parent of a 6-month-old infant asks the nurse which foods should be introduced first. What is the best response by the nurse?

Baby cereals - The first solid food added to the infant's diet should be easily digestible; fortified cereals are easy to digest and are a rich source of iron.

The nursing student is preparing a conference on Freud's psychosexual stages of development, specifically the anal stage. What appropriately relates to this stage?

Beginning of toilet training - Toilet training generally occurs during this period. According to Freud, the child gains pleasure from both the elimination and retention of feces

What stage of development is observed in a 9-year-old child according to Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory?

Concrete operational - The concrete operational stage is observed in children between 7 and 11 years of age. In this stage, the child can perform mental operations, and the thought process is more coherent.

A nurse has accepted a position on a pediatric unit and is learning more about psychosocial development. Identify the order of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development from birth through 18 years of. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.)

Trust vs. mistrust is the first stage of psychosocial development and is typically experienced between birth and one year of age. Children experience autonomy vs. shame and doubt between the ages of 1 and 3 years. Between the ages of 3 and 6 years, children experience the initiative vs. guilt stage. The next stage, industry vs. inferiority, is experienced between the ages of 6 and 11 years. Finally, the stage of identity vs. role confusion occurs during puberty.

The mother of a 5-month-old infant tells the nurse that she has started to feed her baby fortified cereal mixed with formula. She asks what order she should introduce new foods. What foods should be selected first?

Vegetables and noncitrus fruits - Generally it is recommended that vegetables and noncitrus fruits be introduced after cereals because they are easily digested.

A girl comes to the physician's office for her 14-year-old check-up. What is the most important anticipatory guidance that can be offered to the client?

Ways to prevent accidents - The biggest health risk for adolescents is accidents—they are the number-one cause of death in this age group—so anticipatory guidance during interactions with adolescents should be directed at accident prevention. Adolescents have a thought process that allows them to participate in risky behaviors because they feel as though nothing bad will ever happen to them.