ATI HIV AIDS Targeted MEd Surg practice test

A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse monitor to assess the effectiveness of therapy? A) Quantitative RNA assay B) Platelet count C) Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test D) Western blot

ANS: A A quantitative RNA assay measures the viral load and is useful in monitoring HIV disease progression and treatment effectiveness

A nurse is preparing a client who has AIDS for discharge. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the discharge instructions? A) "Prevent the spread of infection with good household cleaning practices." B) " disinfect equipment contaminated with blood or body fluids for twenty-four hours." C) " food preparation is not your responsibility." D) "Burn soiled dressings."

ANS: A The client should follow standard precautions and use a 1:10 solution of bleach to disinfect areas that come into contact with blood and body fluids.

A nurse is a provider's office is assessing a client who has AIDS. Then nurse notes that the client has multiple and widespread raised, purplish-blown skin lesions. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate which of the following conditions? A) Actinic keratosis B) Kaposi's sarcoma C) Toxic epidermal necrosis D) Basal cell carcinoma

ANS: B Kaposi's sarcoma are AIDS-related malignant skin and mucous membrane lesions that are usually purplish-brown, raised and edematous.

A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the explanation of initial symptoms? A) Pneumocystis lung infection B) Flu-like symptoms and night sweats C) Fungal and bacterial infections D) Kaposi's sarcoma

ANS: B The nurse should explain that the initial symptoms may include flu-like symptoms and night sweats in category A of HIV infection.

A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of HIV with phagocytic dysfunction. The nurse should monitor this client for which of the following conditions? A) Dehydration B) Fungal infection C) Compartment syndrome D) Pleural effusion

ANS: B The nurse should monitor the client for fungal infections due to the impairment of the phagocytic cells. Fungal and bacterial infections are the primary results of the dysfunction

A nurse is talking with a client who has to come to the clinic for HIB testing. The nurse should explain that, after the laboratory has the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results, it will use which of the following tests to confirm the diagnosis? A) CD4+ T-Cells count B) Western blot analysis C) Quantitative RNA assay D) Viral load test

ANS: B The western blot analysis is used to confirm seropositivity when the ELISA test has a positive result. ELISA is inexpensive and accurate with few false-positives. Western blot is expensive, so is done only for confirmation

A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority? A) Positive western blot test B) CD4-T-cell count 180 cells/mm C) Platelets 150,000/mm D) WBC 5,000/mm

ANS: B A CD4-T- cell count less than 180 cells/mm indicates that the client is severely immunocompromised and is at high risk for infection. Therefore, this value is a priority for the nurse to report to the provider.

A nurse is caring for a client who is HIV positive and is one day postoperative following an appendectomy. The nurse should wear a gown as personal protective equipment when taking which of the following actions? A) Talking to the client at the bedside B) Administering an intermittent IV bolus medication C) Completing a dressing change D) Administering an IM injections

ANS: C Standard precautions require personal protective equipment when there is a risk of contact with body fluids. A dressing change does present a risk for coming into contact with body fluids

A nurse is creating home instructions for a client who has immunodeficiency. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A) "I will limit the use of emollient skin cream to once a week." B) "I will expect to have a mild, occasional fever." C) " I will avoid people who have just received an immunization." D) "I might experience harmless white patches in my mouth."

ANS: C The client should avoid people who received a vaccination, especially a live vaccine, to prevent contracting the disease.

A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV? A) An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV B) A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV C) A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV D) A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV

ANS: C The greatest risk for exposure to HIV is from a needle stick; therefore, the phlebotomist who collects blood is at greatest risk.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). He states, " I don't care what the doctors say, there is no way I can have HIV, and I don't need treatment for something I don't have." The nurse identifies that the client is experiencing which of the following types of crisis? A) Adventitious B) Internal C) Maturational D) Situational

ANS: D A diagnosis of HIV is a situational crisis which is one that is unexpected but is part of regular life such as a serious illness or financial loss.

A nurse in a clinic is assessing a client who has AIDS and a significantly decreased CD4-T-cell count. The nurse should recognize that the client is at risk for developing which of the following infectious oral conditions? A) Halitosis B) Gingivitis C) Xerostomia D) Candidiasis

ANS: D Although oral candidiasis can affect anyone, it occurs most often in infants, toddlers, older adults, and clients whose immune systems have been compromised by illness, such as AIDS, or medications.

A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV-1 infection and is prescribed zidovudine as part of antiretroviral therapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? A) Cardiac dysrhythmia B) Metabolic alkalosis C) Renal failure D) Anaplastic anemia

ANS: D Severe myelosuppression that results in anemia (decreased red blood cells), agranulocytosis (decreased white blood cells), and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets), is a life-threatening adverse reaction to zidovudine therapy. Consequently, zidovudine must be used cautiously in clients already experiencing myelosuppression, and the client must be monitored with a CBC performed every few weeks for early detection of marrow failure, which may lead to aplastic anemia.

A nurse is setting goals for a client who has AIDS and is at the end of life. Which of the following are realistic goals? A) The client will verbalize an understanding of the mode of disease transmission B) The client will experience a weight gain of one to two pounds per week C) The client will increase attendance at community social activities D) The client will receive medication to minimize episodes of breakthrough pain

ANS: D The client should receive medication to minimize episodes of break though pain as a goal for the end of life care

A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a client who has AIDS with recurring pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A) Encourage fluid intake of 1500mL/day B) Position head of bed at 10 degrees C) Cough and deep breathe every 8hr D) Obtain a sputum culture

ANS: D The nurse should obtain a sputum culture to determine which antibiotic is needed for the organism that is causing the pneumonia