ATI Nutrition Part 3: Food Safety, Cultural Ethnic and Religious Influences, and Nutrition Across the Lifespan

A; C (older adults have decreased cellular function and reduced body reserves, leading to decreased absorption of b12, folic acid, and calcium)

A nurse in an assisted living facility is caring for an older adult client. the nurse should recognize that older adults have decreased absorption of which of the following? (select all that apply) A Calcium B Chloride C Folic Acid D Magnesium E Phosphorus

ABD

A nurse is assessing a 6 month old infant who has lactose intolerance. Which of the findings should the nurse expect? (select all that apply) A abdominal distension B Flatus C Hypoactive bowel sounds D Occasional diarrhea E Visible peristalisis

D smoked fish

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is to begin taking phenelzine. the nurse should include that consuming which of the following foods while taking this medication could cause a hypertensive crisis? A Grapefruit juice B Dark green vegetables C Greek Yogurt D Smoked Fish

ABCD

A nurse is teaching a group of pregnant clients about IRON rich foods. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply) A. Beans B. Fish C. Dairy products D. Lean red meats E. Apples

T

Childhood: T/F Foods like hot dogs, popcorn, peanuts, grapes, raw carrots, celery, peanut butter, tough meat, and candy can cause aspiration.

inclusion

Childhood: __________ in family mealtime is important for social development.

meat; dairy

Clients who practice orthodox Judiasm do not eat ____ with _____ products.

cruciferous (cauliflower, broccoli, and brussel sprouts)

Colic: if breastfeeding eliminating ________ vegetables, cows milk, onion, and chocolate can be helpful.

E. coli

Common foodborne illnesses: Raw or under cooked meat, esp ground beef, can cause this foodborne pathogen. Findings include severe abd pain and diarrhea.

Norovirus

Common foodborne illnesses: a viral infection caused by consuming contaminated fruits and vegetables, salads prepared by someone who is infected, oysters, and contaminated water. It is very contagious and has an onset of 24-48 hours. Manifestations include projectile vomiting, fever, myalgia, watery diarrhea, and headache.

Salmonella

Common foodborne illnesses: occurs due to eating raw or under cooked meat poultry, eggs, fish, fruit, and dairy products. Common manifestations include HA, Fever, abd cramping, D/N/V. This condition can be fatal.

Listeria

Common foodborne illnesses: soft cheese, raw milk products, under cooked poultry, processed meats, and raw vegetables can cause the illness. Can cause significant problems for newborns, pregnant clients, and immunocompromised clients. Onset occurs with the development of sudden fever, diarrhea, headache, back pain, and abdominal discomfort. It can lead to stillbirth and miscarriage.

food allergy

Common manifestations include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension, and pain. Some reactions are severe and can cause anaphylaxis. What is this describing?

8; fiber

Constipation during pregnancy: Increase fluid consumption (at least ____ cups per day) and include extra ________ in the diet. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contain fiber.

C

Consuming foods high in vitamin _____ aids in the adsorption of iron.

cows milk; soy; 4

Food allergies: Some infants react to _____ and _____ but typically outgrow this by _____ yrs of age.

aspiration

Food safety concerns include preventing _______ of food, reducing the risk of food borne illnesses, assessing for food allergies, and understanding food-medication interactions.

children, older, immunocompromised, pregnant

Foodborne illnesses pose the greatest risk to ________, _____ adults, and ______________________ clients, and ___________ clients.

prior

For clients who have a known risk of aspiration (following stroke or procedure involving anesthesia of the esophagus), it is important for nurses to monitor the clients ability to swallow ______ to eating.

iron

Formula Feeding: An ____-fortified formula is recommended by the AAP for at least the first 6 months of life or until the infant consumes adequate solid food.

elevated

Formula Feeding: Hold infant during feedings with head slightly _________ to facilitate passage of formula into the stomach.

T

Formula Feeding: T/F Do not use if the formula has been left at room temperature for 2 hours or longer.

T

Formula Feeding: T/F No artificial pacifier or bottles should be used until after 2 weeks and when breastfeeding is well established.

F Do not reuse partially emptied bottles of formula

Formula Feeding: T/F reuse partially emptied bottles of formula

32

Formula Feeding: the infant should not drink more than _____ ounces of formula during a 24 hour period unless directed by provider.

cows milk; kidney

Infancy: _____ ______ should not be introduced into the diet until after 1 year of age because protein and mineral content stress the immature ________. A young infant can not fully digest the protein and fat contained.

4

Infancy: semi solid food should not be introduced before _____ months of age to coincide with the development of head control, ability to sit, and the back and forth motion of the tongue.

600; leafy

It is recommended that _____ mcg/day of folic acid is taken during pregnancy. Food sources include green ______ vegetables, enriched grains, and orange juice.

sodium; potassium; decrease

Kidneys regulate the amount of ______ and _______ in the blood stream. Kidney function can _________ as much as 50% in older adults.

40

Maintain refrigerator temperature ______degrees F.

phenylketonuris PKU

Maternal __________ is a maternal genetic disease in which high levels of phenylalanine pose danger to the fetus. The diet should include foods low in phenylalinen. Foods high in protein (fish, poultry, meat, eggs, nuts, and dairy products) must be avoided due to high levels. Clients blood should be monitored during pregnancy.

grapefruit; increased

Metabolism/action of medications: ______ juice interferes with the metabolism of many medications, resulting in an __________ serum level of the medication.

tyramine; tyramine; tyramine; smoked meats

Metabolism/action of medications: ________ is a naturally occurring amine found in many foods that has hypertensive effects similar to other amines (norephinephrine). _______ is metabolized by MAO, and clients taking MAOIs (phenelzine, selegiline) who consume foods high in ______ can suffer a hypertensive crisis. Foods high in tyramine include aged cheese, ________ ________, dried fish, and overripe avocados. (first 3 fill in blank are same answer, last is different)

increase

Metabolism/action of medications: foods high in protein can _________ the metabolism of the anti-parkinsons medication levodopa, which decreases the medications absorption and amount transported to the brain.

k

Metabolism/action of medications: foods high in vitamin _______ (dark green vegetables, eggs, carrots) can decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.

mexican-american; lactose

Milk is not a source of calcium in many cultures (especially when compared to the ______-_______ foodway) due to the high incidence of ________ intolerance.

colic

Nutrition-Related Problems: characterized by persistant crying lasting 3 hrs or longer. The crying is accompanied by tense abdomen and legs drawn up to the belly.

lactose intolerance; lactase

Nutrition-Related Problems: the inability to digest significant amounts of lactose (the predominant sugar of milk) and is due to inadequate ________ (the enzyme that digests the lactose into glucose and galactose)?

caloric; BMR

Older adults need to reduce total ______ intake. this is due to the decrease in _______ that occurs from the decrease in lean body mass that develops with aging.

2

Perishables: Do not leave room temperature for more than ______ hr (1 hr if temperature is above 90 degrees F)

1.1 to 4.4

Recommended weight gain during pregnancy: First trimester _____ to _____lbs

330; 6; 400

Recommended weight gain during pregnancy: Lactating women require an increase in daily caloric intake. If the client is breastfeeding during the postpartum period, an additional daily intake of _____ calories is recommended during the first ____ months, and an additional intake of _______ is recommended during the second 6 months.

2 to 4; 1; 1; 0.6

Recommended weight gain during pregnancy: second trimester recommened ____ to ______ lb/month. Normal weight client ( ___ lb/week for a total fo 25 to 35 lb) Underweight client ( just more than ______ lb/week for a total of 28 to 40 lbs) Overweight client (______ lb/week for a total of 15 to 25lb)

vegetarianism

Religion: Practice of ________ by Seventh-Day Adventists and some Buddhists

stimulants

Religion: avoidance of _______ by Muslims and Mormons

T

T/F Caffeine crosses the placenta and can affect the movement and heart rate of the fetus.

F if it has been 4 hours and the infant has not breastfeed, the mother should awaken the infant for feeding.

T/F if it has been 4 hours and the infant has not awoke, leave sleep

F do not refreeze thawed milk

T/F it is okay to refreeze thawed milk

50

The DRI for iron increases by _____% during pregnancy to support the increase in maternal blood volume and provide iron for fetal liver storage. Iron can be obtained from _____ products and meats, especially red meats.

10 or 11; 12; 17

The female adolescent growth spurt usually begins at ____ or _____ years of age, peaks at _____ and is completed by ______.

conscious; gag; swallow

To minimize the risk of aspiration, food should be consumed only by individuals who are _______ and have an intact ____ or _____ reflex.

calcium; fish

Vitamin D aids in the absorption of ______ into the bones. Sunlight exposure, milk (cows and soy) and fatty _______ are sources of vitamin D.

D

Vitamin _______ is essential for the development of healthy bones. It is important in children because their bones are newly formed and continually growing.

5 to 8

Weaning: developmentally the infant is ready for weaning from the breast or bottle to a cup between ____ to ______ months of age. the infant might not be ready to wean from bottle or breast until 12 to 14 months of age.

soy

____-based or casein hydrolysate formulas can be prescribed as alternative formulas for infants who are lactose intolerant.

viruses; bacteria

_________ cause the majority of foodborne illnesses, but ________ are responsible for the majority of deaths caused by foodborne illnesses.

10; 6

breastfeeding teaching points: expressed milk can be refrigerated in sterile bottles or storage bags and labeled with the date and time the milk was expressed. it can be maintained in the refrigerator for ____ days or frozen in sterile containers for ____ months.

rooting; crying

breastfeeding teaching points: instruct the mother to demand-feed the infant and access for hunger cues. these include _______, suckling on hands and fingers, and rapid eye movement. ______ is a late indicator of hunger.

refrigerator; 24

breastfeeding teaching points: thaw milk in the _______. it can be stored for ______ hours after thawing. defrosting or heating in the microwave is not recommended because the high heat destroys some of the milk antibodies, and can burn the infants oral mucosa.

8 to 12

breastfeeding teaching points: the newborn is offered the breast immediately after birth and frequently thereafter. there should be _____ to _____ feedings in a 24 hour period.

hypertension

decreased elasticy of blood vessels can lead to ________.

dark green vegetables, eggs, carrots

list 3 foods high in vitamin K?

levodopa; protein

parkinson medication -name one. what to be careful (macro) when ingesting and taking this medication?

normal

pregnancy and lactation: A woman should be well nourished and within her _______ weight range prior to conception. Good nutrition during pregnancy is essential for the health of the unborn child.

340; 452

pregnancy and lactation: a daily increase of _______ calories is recommended during the second trimester of pregnancy, and an increase of ______ calories is recommended during the third trimester of pregnancy.

T

solid foods: T/F delay the introduction of milk, eggs, wheat, and citrus fruits that can lead to allergic reactions in susceptible infants.

4

solid foods: indicators for readiness include voluntary control of the head and trunk, hunger less than ____ hour after vigorous nursing or intake of 8 oz of formula, and interest of the infant.

5 to 7

solid foods: new foods should be introduced one at a time over a ____ to _____ day period to observe for indications of an allergy or intolerance, which includes fussiness, rash, upper respiratory distress, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.

first

the _____-generation members of a family are more likely to follow their traditional foodway, with subsequent generations incorporating the hosts cultures food practices through socialization.

ethnocentrism

the belief that ones own cultural practices are the only correct behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and values.

12 or 13; 14; 21

the male adolescent growth spurt begins at ____ or _____ years of age, peaks at _______ and is completed by ______.

acculturation

the process of a cultural, ethnic, or religious groups adopting of the dominant cultures behaviors, beliefs, and values.

T

toddlers: T/F vitamin D is essential for bone development. Recommended vitamin D intake is the same (5 mcg/day) from birth through age 50. Children require more vitamin D because their bones are growing.

4

toddlers: children are at increased risk of choking until ____yrs of age.

4 to 6

toddlers: limit juice to ____ to ____ oz per day

whole

toddlers: the 1 to 2 year old child requires ______ cows milk to provide adequate fat for the still growing brain.

milk; fatty

toddlers: vitamin D: ______ (cow and soy), and _____ fish are good sources of vitamin D

24-48 hours

what is the onset time for the norovirus

ibuprofen, amoxicillin, and some antidepressants

which medications cause gastric irritation? _________, __________, some ____________. take with food to avoid gastric upset.