ATI Pharmacology

Simvastatin

A serious adverse effect of this medication is muscle injury, which can progress to severe myositis. The client should report any unusual onset of muscle pain or tenderness to the provider immediately.

serum phenytoin level range

10 to 20 mcg/mL

INR expected range

2 to 3. This needs to be monitored with patients taking warfarin.

Normal HbA1c levels

4-5.6%

HbA1c level of someone with diabetes

6% and higher

what should you assess for while administering adenosine?

Assess for dyspnea during administration, it can occur due to bronchoconstriction. Since adenosine has a short half-life of about 10 seconds, this effect should be short-lived.

Amlodipine adverse effects

Flushing, dizziness, palpations, peripheral edema

infliximab

Immunosuppressive drug. It can treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, plaque psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis.

What medication is used to stop preterm labor?

Nifedipine- a tocolytic

what is ankylosing spondylitis and what medication is used to treat it?

a form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, causing severe, chronic pain and discomfort. Infliximab is a TNF medication that can limit the progression of arthritis and decrease inflammation.

adenosine drug class

antiarrhythmic

imipenem drug class

antibiotic

methimazole

the preferred medication in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy to treat hyperthyroidism.

doxycylcine should be taken with or without food?

without food. food decreases the absorption of the medication so it should be taken on an empty stomach.

sumatriptan adverse effect

A client who takes sumatriptan can develop sensations of chest pressure and heavy arms. The nurse should monitor the client; if the chest pressure continues, the nurse should notify the provider. About 50% of clients who take sumatriptan experience chest pressure and heaviness of the arms that are transient and resolve.

The nurse is assessing a client who has been taking linezolid to treat a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Paresthesias. Although these reactions are rare, some clients who take linezolid develop irreversible peripheral neuropathy and reversible optic neuropathy. The nurse should report this finding to the provider because it might warrant switching the client to another antibiotic.

acarbose adverse effects

The most common adverse effects of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, are gastrointestinal. They include diarrhea, abdominal distention and cramping, and flatulence.

The nurse should expect the provider to prescribe methotrexate at which of the following times? (time frame)

The nurse should identify that current guidelines recommend starting a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) such as methotrexate WITHIN 3 MONTHS OF DIAGNOSIS of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent or delay joint degeneration.

epoetin alfa adverse effects

The nurse should instruct the client to report hypertension. Other adverse effects can include headaches, seizures, heart failure, and thromboembolic events related to increased hemoglobin levels.

Propylthiouracil

This medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism during the first trimester of pregnancy because it does not cross the placental barrier well, posing little risk to the fetus.

True or False: an agreement must be signed by the patient before starting alosetron.

True. Alosetron has potentially fatal adverse effects associated with constipation and bowel obstruction. The FDA has allowed alosetron to be placed on the market only if clients sign and adhere to a risk management program, which includes signing a client-provider agreement before starting alosetron.

Ergotamine (used for)

Used to treat migraine headaches by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors in the cranial peripheral vascular smooth muscle, which causes vasoconstriction of dilated cerebral blood vessels.

Should acarbose be taken with food?

Yes. Acarbose inhibits an enzyme in the intestines that slows the digestion of carbohydrates and results in a lower postprandial increase of blood glucose levels.

Statins

a class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease

what is tamoxifen used for?

an anti-estrogen medication used to treat cancer of the breast in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. It is also used to prevent breast cancer in women who are at an increased risk.

timolol contraindication

asthma is a contraindication to receiving timolol. Timolol is a beta-blocker that can cause blocking of the beta2-receptors, causing bronchospasm. A client who has a history of asthma is a candidate for an alternate medication to treat this condition such as betaxolol.

indications of thyrotoxicosis (patient has taken too much levothyroxine)

chest pain, tachycardia, insomnia, tremors, hyperthermia, heat intolerance, and diaphoresis. The client should notify the provider if any of these manifestations are present.

Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the client is experiencing an adverse effect of desmopressin?

headaches are an indicator of the adverse effect of water intoxication, which can occur as a result of taking desmopressin. This medication causes fluid retention and places the client at risk of water intoxication.