Atrology chpt 7 , Astronomy Chpt 6, Astronomy Chpt 5

Which of the following is the biggest disadvantage of putting a telescope in space?

Space telescopes are much more expensive than similar ground-based telescopes.

Cameras that use adaptive optics provide higher spatial-resolution images primarily because

. deformable mirrors are used to correct the blurring due to Earth's atmosphere.

In our Solar System, the inner planets are rocky because

.warm temperatures in the inner disk caused the inner planetesimals to be formed of mostly rocky material.

The bright, colorful "stripes" of a rainbow such as the one shown here follow a particular order. Rank each color of the rainbow by how much energy is carried by its electromagnetic waves, from highest to lowest.

1. blue 2. yellow 3. orange 4. red

Rank the following events in the order that corresponds to the formation of a planetary system.

1. gravity collapses a cloud of interstellar gas 2. rotating disk forms and dust grains stick together by static electricity 3. small bodies collide to form larger bodies 4. primary atmospheres form 5. a stellar wind turns on and sweeps away gas and dust, removing primary atmosphere from planets 6. secondary atmospheres form

The search for extrasolar planets has uncovered a phenomenon astronomers call a "hot Jupiter." If our Solar System had one, where would it orbit, relative to the other planets?

1. hot jupiter 2. mercury 3. venus 4. earth 5. mars 6. jupiter

Building effective detectors for particles or waves that scientists would like to study is a real challenge. Some are easily detected, while others are not. Rank the following items in order of increasing difficulty of detection.

1. infrared photons 2. neutrinos 3. gravity waves

Put the following stages of planet formation in order of occurrence.

1. interstellar cloud collapses into a disk of gas,dust 2. gas pushes smaller dust grains into larger grains 3. larger dust grains grow into clumps 4. clumps of dust collide and stick, forming planetesimals 5. km-sized planetesimals attract other objects by gravity 6. planets of various sizes form

Rank the types of radiation in order of their energy, from least to greatest.

1. radio waves 2. infrared 3. red visible light 4. blue visible light 5. x-rays 6. gamma rays

Rank the following in order of decreasing wavelength.

1. radio waves 2. infrared 3. visible 4. ultraviolet 5. gamma rays

Today's astronomers have a broad array of technological tools for capturing astronomical data. Early astronomers lacked that advantage. Place the following types of astronomical equipment in the order that they became available.

1. refracting 2. reflecting 3. film 4. radio 5. CCD imaging

The border line between the most massive planet and the least massive brown dwarf occurs at _____ (insert a number) Jupiter masses.

13

Which of the orbital diagrams above best represents the orbits of the binary stars, plus the planet? (The black-filled circle represents the planet. Note: Not to scale.)

A (big circle with planet small circle with two stars)

Newly forming stars are surrounded by gas and dust. Based on this observation, what is the most likely scenario for the formation of the Solar System?

A cloud of gas and dust collapsed into a flattened disk, within which the Sun and planets formed.

The largest astronomical refractor has an aperture of 1 meter. Select all true statements below about why it would be impractical to build an even larger refractor with, say, twice the aperture.

A. The degree of chromatic aberration increases as the focal length gets longer, and this would reduce image quality .B. The tube would have to be so long that housing and moving it would be extremely difficult, especially because it would be frontloaded with weight. C. A lens with a 2 m diameter would be very heavy and would deform under its own weight within a few years.

Comparative studies of objects in a group help us learn more about those objects than we could learn by studying each object individually. With this goal in mind, watch this video, and select all of the following choices that describe your observations of patterns. As you do so, think about the implications of how the Solar System may have formed.

All planets orbit the Sun in the same direction. The outer planets (those farthest from the Sun) are spaced farther apart from one another than the inner planets are spaced. The planets closest to the Sun are much smaller than the planets that are farther away. All planets orbit the Sun in a roughly flat plane.

What is an accretion disk, and what are its characteristics? Select the true statements regarding accretion disks.

B. Conservation of angular momentum leads a cloud to form a disk rather than collapse entirely. C. The shape and motion of the accretion disk are the reason that the subsequentlyformed planets all orbit in or near the equatorial plane of the star. D. An accretion disk's radius is typically hundreds of AU.

Improved resolution is helpful to astronomers because it enables them to view

B. very distant objects. C. small features of an object. D. many objects close together.

Refer to the spectrum of hydrogen in the figure above. Why is the excited hydrogen gas in the image of Gum 41 glowing red?

Because of its atomic structure, hydrogen gas has a transition between excited states that produces red light.

How does the spectrum of a distant star reveal the star's chemical composition?

Dark lines, also called absorption lines, within the spectra are "fingerprints" for the different atoms and molecules within a star's atmosphere.

The image provided shows a light source moving relative to three different observers: Fred, Velma, and Daphne. If the light source is emitting green light and moving with sufficient speed, identify which colors each person could possibly see.

Fred- red Velma- blue Daphne- green

What is the phase of the Moon on June 24, 2021? Write two words to describe it. (Here are some examples to see in which order to write the words: New Moon, Waxing Crescent , First Quarter,...)

Full Moon

Study this picture of a meteorite that has been sliced open to show its interior, and use your observations to determine the most likely formation scenario for a planet. Scroll down and select the best answer below.

Individual particles in the nebula stick together to form larger pieces, which later collide with and stick to other pieces to gradually form larger objects, which eventually grow to the size of a planet.

Match the following properties of telescopes with their corresponding definitions.

Interferometer- several telescopes connected to act as one Focal length- distance from lens to focal plane Aperture- diameter Resolution- ability to distinguish objects that appear close together in the sky Chromatic aberration- rainbow making effect Diffraction- smearing effect due to sharp edge

Each image shown depicts how light travels inside a particular type of telescope. Analyze each image and identify which type of telescope it is.

Newtonian- straight with eyepiece Cassegrain- straight refracting- crisscross

You are shopping for telescopes online. You find two in your price range. One of these has an aperture of 20 cm, and one has an aperture of 30 cm. Which should you choose, and why?

The 30 cm, because the light-gathering power will be better.

Which of the following quantities contribute to the angular momentum of a spinning object?

The distribution of the mass of the object C. The mass of the object D. The rate of spin of the object

Astronomers may describe certain objects as being redshifted or blueshifted. Select all true statements about this phenomenon from those listed below.

These objects are exhibiting the Doppler effect. Wavelengths of light from the objects differ from expected (rest) wavelengths because the object is moving away from (redshifted) or toward (blueshifted) the observer.

When an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level in an atom,

a photon is emitted

The angular resolution of a ground-based telescope is usually determined by

atmospheric seeing

Consider a star that is more massive and hotter than the Sun. For such a star, the habitable zone would:

be located outside 1AU

Why are the young stars blue?

because they are relatively hot stars

When you look at the sky on a dark night and see stars of different colors, which are the hottest?

blue

light acts like

both a wave and a particle.

If scientists are interested in studying the composition of the early Solar System, the best objects to study are

comets and asteroids.

As wavelength increases, the energy of a photon __________ and its frequency __________.

decrease: decrease

The primary atmospheres of the planets are made mostly of:

hydrogen and helium

The solid form of a volatile material is generally referred to as a(n):

ice

Arrays of radio telescopes can produce much better resolution than single-dish telescopes because they work based on the principle of

interference

The nebular hypothesis describes what happens when a cloud collapses into a star system. Where does the majority of the angular momentum of the original cloud go?

into the orbital angular momentum of planets

Identify where each type of light belongs on the electromagnetic spectrum by dragging each to the target representing its wavelength. You may need to use the arrow icon to view all of the options.

left to rigght radio waves infrared uv gamma

The figure shown illustrates the locations of the Solar System's eight planets. Sort the planets according to average density.

less the 1g/m3- saturn between 1-3g/m3- neptune, uranus, jupiter greater than- mercury, venus, earth, mars

There are several methods of extrasolar planet detection currently in use. Which properties of a planet does each method discover? Sort the following methods into the appropriate categories.

mass of the planet- radial velocity method, microlensing method, astrometry method diameter of the planet- transit method

Two stars are of equal luminosity. Star A is 3 times as far from you as star B. Star A appears _________ star B.

one-ninth as bright as

The Moon probably formed:

out of a collision between the Earth and a Mars-sized object

What change was made to the theory of star formation to account for the discovery of hot jupiters?

planet migration

Detecting a planet around another star using the transit method is difficult because the:

planet must pass directly in front of the star

Name one property of an extrasolar planet that can not be detected using the Doppler effect:

radius

Drag each type of material to the bar indicating where each could be found in the forming Solar System.

refractory materials water ice highly volatile materials

When less energy is radiated from a terrestrial planet, its __________ increases until a new __________ is achieved.

temperature; equilibrium

The direction of revolution in the plane of the Solar System was determined by

the direction of rotation of the original cloud.

The concept of disk instability was developed to solve the problem that

the early Solar Nebula likely dispersed too soon to form Jupiter.

The difference in composition between the giant planets and the terrestrial planets is most likely caused by the fact that:

the terrestrial planets are closer to the Sun

Spacecraft are the most effective way to study planets in our Solar System because

they can collect more information than is available just from images.

Choose all that apply. CCD cameras are better astronomical detectors than the human eye because

they can observe at wavelengths beyond the visible the integration time can be longer. their quantum efficiency is higher.

The diagram shown indicates the location of exoplanets orbiting their star. The light green ring represents the habitable zone for that star. Determine whether each of the planets in this system is located in a region that is too hot, too cold, or just right for liquid water to potentially exist on the surface.

too hot for liquid water- planet b,c,d,e too cold- none just right- planet f

Earth-sized planets have been found using the _________ method(s).

transit and Doppler shift

The Kepler spacecraft is just starting to find Earth-sized planets around normal stars.

true

The radius of an extrasolar planet can be determined using the Transit method.

true