Audiology Praxis Test Questions
*Which of the following is true regarding myringoplasty a. Ossiculoplasty should be performed b. Stapedectomy should be performed c. Neither of these should be performed d. Both of these may be performed
Ossiculoplasty should be performed A stapedectomy should not be performed because creating an opening in the TM when creating an opening in the inner ear could result in a sensorineural hearing loss
*Which of the following growths in the external auditory meatus is the least serious a. osteoma b. carcinoma c. epithelioma d. none is less serious than the others
Osteoma An osteoma is a benign bony tumor which are small and do not interfere with hearing typically
Which of the following is most likely to cause conductive hearing loss? a. presbycusis b. otitis media c. noise exposure d. birth trauma
Otitis media middle ear infection causes swelling and fluid buildup in the middle ear space preventing sound to reach the inner ear chronic infections cause cause damage to the ossicular chain as well
Which of the following statements about otosclerosis is true? a. It causes only conductive hearing loss b. It causes only a sensorineural hearing loss c. It occurs most often in black populations d. It occurs most often in white populations
Otosclerosis occurs most often in white populations Abnormal bony growth on the stapes which creates a conductive loss, but can also grow into the vestibule and labyrinth thus creating a sensorineural hearing loss
Among the following who are more likely to have better results understanding speech with cochlear implants a. people who receive implants as adults b. people with postlingual onset deafness c. people with prelingual onset of deafness d. none of the above, there are no measurable patterns
People with post-lingual onset of deafness
*The phonemic restoration effect is most analogous to a. perceiving discrete movie images as continuous b. perceiving a word missing a letter as complete c. perceiving a word with extra letters as correct d. perceiving a tiny detail in a busy picture
Perceiving a word missing a letter as complete The phonemic restoration effect is our tendency to fill in the gaps of a word
*If someone was born without an oval window, it would be recommended that a. Create an opening and construct a membrane where it should be b. perform a surgical fenestration of the horizontal semicircular canal c. Conduct either of these procedures d. conduct neither of these procedures
Perform a surgical fenestration of the horizontal semicircular canal This is when a window is created in the horizontal semicircular canal; this is preferable to creating an opening where the oval window should be because the oval window location underlies the facial nerve
Which of the following is NOT including in the scope of an audiologist's practice when working with families of hearing impaired children a. Providing emotional support and counseling b. Observing parents for acute emotional reactions c. Referring parents to mental health professionals d. Providing mental health counseling services
Providing mental health counseling services
For which of the following instruments do national standards or uniform performance standards for calibration exist? a. Pure tone audiometers b. OAEs c. ABR d. all have calibration standards
Pure tone audiometers Only pure tone audiometers have established (ANSI) standards for calibration
*How many of every 1000 school aged children in the US have permanent sensorineural hearing loss? a. ten b. five c. eight d. twelve
10 out of every 1000 school aged children in the US has permanent SNHL
In routine AC testing the first frequency to be tested should be a. 500 Hz b. 8000 Hz c. 125 Hz d. 1000 Hz
1000 Hz According to ANSI and ASHA, testing should be performed in a uniform pattern, starting at 1000 Hz then increasing to 8000Hz, then down to 125-750 Hz and then re-checking 1000 Hz
*Of school aged children in the US what range has UNILATERAL hearing loss considered educationally significant? a. 12-15 of every 1000 b. 13-16 of every 1000 c. 16-19 of every 1000 d. 18-21 of every 1000
16 to 19 of every 1000
*The proportion of children with only minimal hearing loss who fail at least one school grade compared to the proportion of normal-hearing children who similarly fail is approximately a. twice as many b. five times as many c. nine times as many d. 18 times as many
18 times as many! 37% of children with minimal hearing loss fail one school grade compared to 2% of normal hearing children
*The relationship of Hertz to sound waves to cycles per second equals: a. 1:10:100 b. 1:2:3 c. 1:1:1 d. 1:100:10
1:1:1 One cycle generates one sound wave Frequency (Hz) is determined by number of cycles per second A frequency of one cycle per second equals 1 Hz 1 Hz equals 1 sound wave and 1 cycle per second 1:1:1
When testing at the usual audiometric frequencies the examiner should test inter-octaves when there is a difference between two adjacent frequencies of a. 10 dB or more b. 20 dB or more c. 30 dB or more d. 40 dB or more
20 dB or more according to ASHA *although I typically test if it's 15 dB or greater
*In general the frequency range of human hearing is roughly a. 20-20,000 Hz b. 10-30,000 Hz c. 1-10,000 Hz d. 200-5,000 Hz
20-20,000 Hz The human ear can hear frequencies below and above the typical range of the human voice NOTE: I'm not sure about humans hearing up to 20kHz but this is what the answer key states
*About what percentage of children in the US with hearing losses have another disability in addition to hearing loss a. 20% b. 30% c. 40% d. 10%
30% of children in the US with hearing loss have another disability
Which frequency is not normally used in calculating pure tone average a. 2000 Hz b. 4000 Hz c. 1000 Hz d. 500 Hz
4000 Hz
*At least what proportion of children through age 18 has hearing loss a. 2% b. 3% c. 4% d. 5%
5% of children through age 18 have hearing loss
When using manual pure tone audiometry as part of a hearing loss prevention program, the frequencies that should be tested are: a. 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 b. 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 c. 1000, 2000, 3000, 40000, 6000, 8000, and 10,000 d. 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000
500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000
*How many US children OF SCHOOL AGE have BILATERAL hearing loss deemed educationally significant? a. 11 of every 1000 b. 7 of every 1000 c. 14 of every 1000 d. 4 of every 1000
7 of every 1000 school aged children have bilateral hearing loss deemed educationally significant
*The human voice has a frequency range of approx. a. 50-500 Hz b. 6000-11,000 Hz c. 30-30,000 Hz d. 80-6000 Hz
80-6000 Hz Most of the sound energy of human voices lies between 125-6000 Hz The peak of sound energy of the human voice is from 1000-3000 Hz
*How many US children out of 1000 have educationally significant hearing loss a. 103 b. 93 c. 83 d. 73
83 out of every 1,000 US children have hearing loss that is considered educationally significant
Extended high frequency audiometry is performed at frequencies of: a. 9000-16,000 Hz b. 4000-8000 Hz c. 15,000-25,000 Hz d. 900-1600 Hz
9,000-16,000 Hz
*According to research studies, approximately how much of young children's learning of language and speech is incidental, i.e. from conversations around them in their environments a. 90% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25%
90%
*Which of the following statements about etiology is true of microtia and congenital atresia during fetal development and prognosis for treatment? a. microtic pinna + congenital atresia of the canal reflects earlier etiology and more involved prognosis for reconstruction b. congenital atresia of the canal with a normal pinna reflects earlier fetal etiology and a better prognosis for reconstruction c. microtic pinna + congenital atresia of the canal reflects earlier etiology and a better prognosis for reconstruction d. congenital atresia of the canal with normal pinna reflects earlier fetal etiology and a more difficult reconstructive prognosis
A microtic pinna with congenital atresia of the canal reflects earlier developmental etiology and a more involved prognosis for treatment The outer ear develops first, followed by the middle and then inner ear. If the pinna is impacted, then along with atresia it is likely that the middle ear is impacted and there may not be a TM or ossicles
*A person's eustachian tubes must function normally for a. a myringoplasty to work b. the person to breathe c. the person to swallow d. the individual to hear
A myringoplasty to work normal eustachian tube function is needed for a myringoplasty, or a repair of the eardrum to work A person can have eustachian tube dysfunction and still breathe, swallow, and hear
For a person wearing hearing aids and attending a lecture in a large audience which environmental factor would not interfere with speech comprehension a. distance from the speaker to the listener b. competition of noise in the room c. a wireless microphone for the speaker d. the room's acoustic quality
A wireless microphone for the speaker This would not interfere in fact it could greatly help
*About how many of every 1000 school aged children in the US have severe to profound hearing losses? a. three b. five c. seven d. nine
About 9 out of every 1000 school aged children have severe to profound hearing losses
The outer ear is classified as what kind of device? a. Mechanical b. Acoustic c. Hydraulic d. Biological
Acoustic The outer ear collects and funnels acoustic energy It doesn't perform mechanical movement It doesn't contain fluid like the inner ear It doesn't analyze sound energy and transmit it as an electrical impulse
Which of the following can cause tinnitus? a. Meniere's disease b. middle ear fluid c. any type of hearing loss d. all of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT used as an alerting device for hearing-impaired people? a. Flashlights/strobe lights b. transducers to shake beds c. trained hearing ear dogs d. all of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is a complication of chronic suppurative otitis media a. Facial nerve paralysis b. brain abscess c. meningitis d. all of the above
All of the above
The inner ear is classified as what kind of device? a. Mechanical b. Hydraulic c. Biological e. All of the above
All of the above The hair cells mechanically transmit energy The endolymph (fluid) moves from incoming sound causing the movement of the hair cells It analyzes sound based on frequency and intensity and transmits that sound to the brain
Which of the following can cause chronic serous otitis media a. Mucus in the middle ear b. Lymph in the middle ear c. Enlargement of adenoids d. all of the above
All of the above mucus and lymph in the middle ear space prevent proper drainage as well as enlarged adenoids
Microtic means a. a microscopically small tic b. an abnormally small pinna c. an otic type of microphone d. none of the above
An abnormally small pinna
Eustachian tube function can be tested using a. the Valsalva maneuver b. catheterizing the tubes c. impedance audiometry d. any or all of these
Any or all of these Valsalva and impedance audiometry make sense; I had not heard of catheterizing the tubes *this is placing a cannula in the nose and sending air into the eustachian tubes
Which of the following can cause a reversible sensorineural hearing loss a. Aspirin b. Old age c. diabetes d. Meniere's
Aspirin when taken in large doses is known to cause a reversible SNHL
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to performing the Epley maneuver or canalith repositioning procedure a. any unstable heart condition b. severe stenosis of the carotid artery c. cervical spondylosis with myelopathy d. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
BPPV This is the primary indication to perform the Epley maneuver Epley maneuver is also known as canalith repositioning and is when the audiologist rotates the patient's head into different positions while the patient lies on a table with their head hanging over the edge This procedure aims to remove debris or canalith backwards out of the labyrinth and into the vestibule and is effective for about 50% of patients
*A person with a conductive hearing loss riding in a car with open windows is likely to hear a conversation a. less well than normal hearing individuals b. better than normal hearing individuals c. the same as normal hearing individuals d. with similar acuity but poorer discrimination
Better than normal hearing individuals (??) The rational is that the conductive hearing loss removes the ambient background noise so listeners are only able to hear the speech around them, and the road noise may cause other passengers to speak louder
If an individual has a low frequency hearing loss which frequencies should be tested in addition to the usual frequencies a. 125 Hz b. 250 Hz c. Both d. Neither
Both 125 Hz and 250 Hz
Noise exposure can cause hearing loss that is a. temporary from short-term exposure b. permanent from long-term exposure c. permanent regardless of duration d. both a and b
Both a and b noise exposure can cause a temporary threshold shift and long-term exposure to noise can cause permanent SNHL
*The embryonic middle ear forms from the a. endoderm b. mesoderm c. both of the above d. neither of the above
Both of the above the middle ear is formed of endoderm and mesoderm endoderm forms the middle ear cavities and the eustachian tubes from the first pharyngeal pouch lined with epithelial cells from the endoderm the ossicles are formed from the first and second pharyngeal arches which are made of mesenchyme from the mesoderm
The middle ear is classified as what kind of device? a. Acoustic b. Mechanical c. Both of these d. Neither of these
Both of these Tympanic membrane collects acoustic energy; the acoustic energy is transferred into mechanical energy through the ossicular chain
*Which of the following is not a type of perceptual constancy in speech perception a. vocal tract normalization b. categorical perception c. speech rate normalization d. all types are constancy
Categorical perception perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize speech sounds across different individual speakers vocal tract normalization is our ability to understand speech the same even when it is coming from different voices with unique resonance/pitch speech rate normalization is our ability to understand speech the same even when people are speaking at different rates
When indicated, a stapedectomy can a. resolve or minimize a conductive hearing loss b. cause or exacerbate a sensorineural hearing loss c. cause both of the outcomes above at the same time d. cause none of the above results
Cause both of the outcomes above at the same time The stapes can be freed entirely or replaced with a prosthesis, but this can further damage the inner ear in the process
According to research, which statement is correct about the role of counseling in aural/communicative rehabilitation? a. communicative rehabilitation programs are not as successful without counseling b. communicative rehabilitation programs are equally effective without counseling c. communicative rehabilitations are less effective with added counseling d. no relation between rehabilitation and counseling
Communicative rehabilitation programs are not as successful without counseling
Which is not a true statement of conductive and sensorineural hearing losses? a. Conductive hearing losses are often reversible b. sensorineural hearing losses are usually permanent c. sensorineural hearing losses impair discrimination d. conductive loss does not affect threshold level
Conductive loss does not affect threshold level both conductive and SNHL impact threshold acuity
*The embryonic inner ear forms from a. ectoderm b. mesoderm c. endoderm d. all of the above
Ectoderm the inner ear forms from the outer embryonic layer the otic placodes thicken into ectodermal depressions which form otocysts which differentiate into a cochlear pouch and a vestibular pouch
Which condition is most commonly associated with normal hearing? hyperacusis diplacusis presbycusis none of the above
Hyperacusis Often associated with normal hearing, and can result from paralysis of the facial (VII) nerve which causes paralysis of the stapedius muscle! diplacusis is hearing the same sounds at different frequencies between ears presbycusis is age related hearing loss
Measurement of otoacoustic emissions will a. indicate levels of ototoxic vehicle exhaust emissions in the air b. diagnose a sensorineural hearing loss if emissions are detected c. indicate sensorineural hearing loss if emissions are absent from the ear d. diagnose the presence of otorrhea if emissions are coming from the ears
Indicate sensorienural hearing loss if emissions are absent from the ear BUT obviously that is only provided that there are normal tympanograms; poorly written question
*A consideration in adjustment to hearing loss counseling is the family's ability to cope. According to ASHA, to understand the family's coping skills, family variables are one necessary factor to learn. Which of the following is not another essential factor a. Parent variables b. child variables c. external variables d. internal variables
Internal variables you will never be able to psychologically assess every family member and their individual internal variables!
A person with a hearing loss who suffers from recruitment will have a. difference in thresholds between ears b. less distance between audibility and uncomfortable loudness levels c. more distance between audibility and uncomfortable loudness levels d. overcompensation of the better ear for the more affected ear
Less distance in dB between the hearing threshold and uncomfortable loudness level
*What is the distribution of deaf children born into hearing families versus those born into deaf families? a. Many more are born into hearing families b. about the same number are born into hearing families as into deaf families c. many fewer are born into hearing families d. slightly more are born into hearing families than into deaf families
Many more are born into hearing families 93% of deaf children are born to hearing families whereas only 7% are born to deaf families This is 13x as many deaf children being born to hearing families than deaf families
Which is most likely to be introduced deliberately by an examiner during an audiometric exam? a. distorted tone b. switching transients c. masking noise d. none of the above
Masking noise distorted tones are an error switching transients are sounds from turning a stimulus on/off (shouldn't exist)
Which of the following statements is correct regarding air-bone gaps when testing hearing by air conduction and bone conduction a. an air bone gap indicates a sensorineural hearing loss b. matching BC and AC thresholds indicate sensorineural hearing loss c. an air bone gap means there is only conductive hearing loss d. matching BC and AC thresholds indicate there is mixed loss
Matching BC and AC thresholds indicate sensorineural hearing loss
Which of the following is correct regarding insurance coverage of hearing aids? a. Medicare always covers hearing aids for adults and children b. Medicaid is required to cover hearing aids for children and adults c. Medicaid must cover children's hearing aids and often can cover adults d. Private health insurance plans always cover child and adult hearing aids
Medicaid must cover children's hearing aids and often can cover adults
Which is most likely to cause sensorineural hearing loss? a. a foreign object b. impacted cerumen c. Meniere's disese d. serous otitis media
Meniere's disease Fluctuating fluid buildup in the cochlea causes damages to the hair cells typically resulting in a low frequency HL
*Approximately how many children in the US have hearing losses a. more than a million b. almost five million c. one half of a million d. one quarter million
More than a (1) million
*Which of the following is NOT and acoustic immittance measure a. OAEs d. Tympanometry c. Acoustic reflex testing d. Static acoustic impedance
OAEs This is not technically an acoustic immittance measure because it is assessing the inner ear primarily (but see q 23 for my thought process; we know OAEs can be used in conjunction with tymps)
*When conducting an otolaryngology exam, an otologist should test of the function of the auditory/vestibular nerve, the facial nerve and other cranial nerves. Which of the following groups are NOT other nerves whose function the otologist should test? a. Trigeminal and abducens b. Glossopharyngeal and Vagus c. Olfactory and Oculomotor d. Accessory and Hypoglossal
Olfactory and Oculomotor Otologists should test the function of cranial nerves V-XII
*Reducing hearing by 10 dB will reduce a person's perception of the loudness of speech sounds by a. one tenth b. one half c. one third d. one fifth
One half (50%)
*How much of a teacher's speech can a child who has a hearing loss of 20 dB hear? a. 80% b. half c. one quarter d. one third
One quarter reducing hearing by 10 dB reduces speech understanding to half Therefore reducing by another 10 dB reduces speech understanding to a quarter (25%)
*According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, how many newborns who are referred after failing hearing screenings actually receive follow up? a. 85% b. 75% c. two thirds d. half
Only half of newborns who are referred after a failed hearing screening actually receive follow up
Children with hearing loss diagnosed by the time they are ____ old can with early intervention, be expected to have language development equivalent to that of their normal hearing peers by the time they are ____ old. a. six months, five years b. one years, three years c. three months, six years d. this cannot be predicted
Six months and then five years
*Which statement is correct regarding the acoustics of speech sound production and speech perception of listeners? a. speech production is linear but listeners' perception runs the sounds together b. speech production and listener perception are both linear c. speech sounds are coarticulated but the listener's perception of them is linear d. neither the production nor the perception of speech sounds is linear in nature
Speech sounds are coarticulated but the listener's perception of them is linear individual phonemes overlap but when we hear them our perception separates them into discrete units heard in a linear fashion so we can differentiate among speech sounds to understand what is said
*Which of these things that help deaf and hearing impaired people to communicate is not a recent digital technology a. Skype b. TTY/TDD (I have no idea what this is) c. live chat d. IM
TTY/TDD TTY= teletype or telephone typewriter TDD= telecommunications device for the deaf pre-internet these technologies were the only way Deaf people could use the phone
*Which is true about air conduction vs. bone conduction testing? a. testing bone conduction only shows conductive loss b. testing air conduction only shows sensorineural loss c. testing bone conduction shows both types of hearing loss d. testing air conduction shows both types of hearing loss
Testing air conduction will show both types of hearing loss BUT without bone conduction or immittance there is no way to know the type definitively
*The embryonic outer ear forms from the a. mesoderm b. ectoderm c. endoderm d. all of the above
The outer ear forms from the ectoderm The ectoderm is the outer layer which is the first layer to develop
**Which factor is least likely to determine whether a child with hearing loss will acquire spoken language a. the clinician's skill in giving the parents guidance b. the parent's understanding of language acquisition c. the severity and nature of the child's hearing loss d. the status of the child's brain and nervous system
The severity and nature of the child's hearing loss I don't know about this; I think the case could be made that depending on what type of amplification/when it is enacted makes a huge difference but if we assume the child is sufficiently amplified, then I guess this is the least important factor
*Which of the following is NOT a current issue for providers and recipients of aural rehabilitation services? a. There is not enough public information available about aural rehabilitation b. There is not an identified body for professional certification of audiologists c. There is not always a hearing aid orientation provided by audiologists/SLPs d. There is not counseling included in most AR programs' goals and objectives
There is not an identified body for professional certification of audiologists
Speech audiometry can obtain hearing thresholds for speech rather than for pure tones. It can also be used to corroborate or check pure tone results. Which of the following is NOT another way speech audiometry can be used? a. To aid differential diagnosis of the etiology of a hearing loss b. To measure an individual's capacity for auditory processing c. To measure the ability to recognize sub-threshold speech levels d. To estimate communication functionality of an individual
To measure the ability to recognize sub-threshold speech levels
*If an examiner finds a patient has a missing or decreased corneal reflex in one eye, which of the following cranial nerves is affected which could indicate an acoustic neuroma? a. Optic nerve b. Trigeminal nerve d. Oculomotor nerve c. Abducens nerve
Trigeminal nerve the corneal reflex in a conscious patient is influenced by both the facial nerve and the trigeminal nerve
Sound requires a hearing mechanism to receive it. The other three necessary components include the following except: a. vibration b. medium c. force d. velocity
Velocity Velocity isn't required for sound transmission It is a characteristic rather of medium, or the particles through which sound are traveling
*Gradenigo's syndrome consists of hearing loss plus all of the following symptoms except a. earache b. otorrhea c. vesicles d. diplopia
Vesicles Gradenigo's syndrome is a syndrome characterized by severe earache, otorrhea or discharge from the ear, and diplopia or double vision Gradenigo's syndrome occurs when suppurative otitis media involves the petrous apex and abducens nerve
Without the middle ear, if sound reached the inner ear it would be a. virtually nonexistent b. so loud it would cause nerve damage c. distorted in frequency d. impossible to interpret
Virtually nonexistent without the middle ear approx. 99.9% of sound would be reflected back to the atmosphere because the impedance of the inner ear is so much greater than that of the atmosphere The middle ear amplifies sound by approximately 17 times
*According to the CDC how many people in the US have had some sort of problem with their balance at some time in their lives? a. almost half b. nearly 1/3 c. almost 3/4 d. over 2/3
almost half
According to OSHA, when audiometric tests are given to employees in a workplace the employee must have access to their test records. Others who must have access to these records do NOT include a. former employees b. designated representatives c. the assistant secretary (labor) d. any of the employees relatives
any of the employees relatives
*Approximately one out of how many babies born in the US has some kind of hearing problem a. 32 b. 22 c. 42 d. 12
approximately 1 out of every 22 babies born in the US has some type of hearing problem
Researchers have found that cochlear implant teams and centers do not always inform families of a. audiological information b. autonomy/identity or deaf culture c. medical/surgical risks d. education/communication options
autonomy/identity or deaf culture
The auditory nerve has a. a cochlear branch b. a vestibular branch c. both of these branches d. neither of these branches
both of these branches The auditory nerve is the only cranial nerve with these two separate types of branches
*Which of the following is most involved in hearing loss counseling provided by audiologists to families of hearing impaired children a. audiogram interpretations b. options for communication c. emotional and grief support d. advocacy for hearing losses
emotional and grief support I think maybe the term "involved" in this case is most long-standing and significant
*When senior citizens fall, it is often related to balance problems. The CDC finds that a senior citizen receives treatment in the emergency room for a fall a. every 23 minutes b. every 57 seconds c. every 18 seconds d. every 16 minutes
every 18 seconds (!!!)
*The CDC reports that a senior citizen dies as the result of falling a. every 45 minutes b. every 35 minutes c. every 25 minutes d. every 15 minutes
every 35 minutes just memorize, every 18 seconds there is an emergency room treatment for a fall and a senior citizen dies every 35 minutes as a result of falling
Relative to support groups for families of hearing-impaired children, the role of the audiologist is that of a(n) a. leader b. instructor c. facilitator d. all of the above
facilitator connect families with appropriate resources
Which frequencies are most commonly affected worst by presbycusis? a. lower frequencies b. middle frequencies c. higher frequencies d. all of the above
higher frequencies
Which statement is NOT true about a diagnostic teaching approach to intervention with hearing-impaired children a. It can reveal other disabilities that were not previously diagnosed as a child b. It helps audiologists find the best assistive technologies for a specific child c. It evolves over time with changing needs so it does not involve goal-setting d. It helps audiologists find the family communication method best for a child
it evolves over time with changing needs so it does not involve goal setting it DOES involve goal setting
The type of hearing loss is a. locational b. qualitative c. quantitative d. none of the above
locational the type of hearing loss tells you the location within the auditory system where the cause of the hearing loss occurs or exists conductive vs. sensorineural /RCP
*Chinese learners of English as a second language often leave out articles like a/n or the or the plural -s word endings because they do not exist in their first language. At what level is this example? a. Semantic b. Phonemic c. Syntactic d. Morphological
morphological articles are structural "function words" that do not exist in Chinese because there is different grammatical word structure
*Of all the babies in the US born with some degree of hearing loss, what proportion is born with a severe to profound hearing loss? a. one sixth b. one tenth c. one third d. one half
one sixth 1/6th of babies with hearing loss have a severe to profound degree of hearing loss
*Since the inception of newborn hearing screenings, the average age at confirmation of hearing loss is a. one tenth of what it used to be b. one fifth of what it used to be c. one half of what it used to be d. essentially unchanged
one tenth of what it used to be!
Japanese learners of English as a second language commonly have difficulty with the /l/ sound because the sound does not exist in their first language. At what level is this example? a. syntactic b. morphological c. phonemic d. semantic
phonemic the phoneme /l/ does not exist in Japanese and often it is substituted with the phoneme /r/ because it is the closest approximation
The configuration of a hearing loss is a. locational b. qualitative c. quantitative d. none of the above
qualitative hearing loss is visualized based on the audiogram
The severity of a hearing loss is a. locational b. qualitative c. quantitative d. none of the above
quantitative measured in dB and indicates the degree of hearing loss
*Which statement is correct regarding validity and reliability of assessment instruments? a. Validity and reliability are both specific to each situation b. Where one of these exists, the other does, and vice versa c. Reliable instruments are repeated with consistent results d. Instruments need either validity or reliability but not both
reliable instruments are repeated with consistent results
ASHA's code of ethics prohibits behaviors creating conflicts of interest by audiologists and other professionals, as do principles of ethical practices in general. If an audiologist has a primary employer and a private practice and wants to see a client in private practice whom he has been seeing at his primary employer, ASHA provides guidelines for doing this without a conflict of interest. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines a. requiring the client to sign a non-compete agreement b. informing clients of all services; they are free to choose c. informing the clients of any fee differences between the two c. notifying the primary employer of private practice plans
requiring the client to sign a non-compete agreement
German learners of English as a second language might put the verb at the end of the sentence after its modifiers, as it is done in German, ex. "We last week at that cafe downtown spoke". What level is this example? a. Syntactic b. Semantic c. Phonemic d. Morphological
syntactic difference in sentence structure between languages
According to ASHA which of the following is NOT included in the principles for best practice in informational counseling about newborn hearing screening? a. Confidentiality and focusing on family b. Communication clearly and concisely c. using accurate technical terminology d. encouraging and answering questions
using accurate technical terminology
*VOT is an acoustic cue in speech sound waveforms signaling the difference between a. vocalization and devocalization of stops b. nasalization and denasalization of vowels c. fricatives/affricates and stops of consonants d. front and back articulatory tongue placement
vocalization and devocalization of stops VOT= voice onset time it is an acoustic cue that indicates the difference between vocalized stops /b/ and devocalized stops /p/
*Researchers have found that infants can discriminate among a. vowels in their native language by 11-12 months b. consonants in their native language by age 6 months c. consonants in their native language by 9 months d. vowels in their native language around 6 months
vowels in their native language around 6 months infants can discriminate consonants in their native language by 11-12 months
