Augustines Confessions Philosophy Quiz 9, Life without God Philosophy Quiz #7, Intro to Philosophy Quiz # 1, philosophy final

Some students reading WLC articles say they are offended ... Which of the following are the two French, atheistic existentialist philosophers whom Craig relied upon to explain the absurdity of life without God

Albert Camus Jean-Paul Satre

Which philosopher lived from 353 - 430 AD?

Augustine

Which of the following is not a question of metaphysics

Can we have knowledge without absolute proof or absolute certainty?

What philosopher and book woke Augustine to the love of wisdom and actually changed his affections towards God with his exhortation to philosophy?

Cicero's Hortensius

T/F "Does the soul exist?" is a theological question- It is not a metaphysical question.

False

T/F For most epistemologists (philosophers who focus on the science of knowledge), knowledge is the same as wisdom.

False

T/F The hard sciences (viz. chemistry and physics) can answer all philosophical questions. With regards to ethics it is no different. Science and technology can determine the difference between a good action and a bad action

False

T/F Tom Morris (Christian Philosopher from Notre Dame) thinks that individuals have a choice whether to have a philosophy or not, of whether to become philosophers or not. We have to choose to operate out of a philosophy or world view.

False

WLC argues that atheist scientists smuggle "God" in the back door in their writings because it is so difficult to believe that life is the result of impersonal forced. What are the ways Craig says they do this?

Francis Crick halfway through his book, the origin of the genetic code begins to spell nature with a capital N...

"there is but one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide. Judging whether life is or is not worth living amounts to answering the fundamental question of philosophy. All the rest .. comes afterwards." This is the opening of

French Atheist Existentialist Albert Camus The Myth of Sisyphus

What philosopher influence Postmodernism

Friedrich Nietzsche

"Whither is God?" he cried. ... What philosopher wrote this and what was it called an what is the point of this>

Friedrich Nietzsche : the parable of the madman: people are saying they don't believe in god, but ..

the madman jumped.... What is this from?

Friedrich Niezsche's Parable of the Madman

Book 2 Ch 5 Book 2 ch 10 book 3 ch 2 book3 ch 11 When you read passages like this, which of the following is NOT what Augustine believes about God?

God is a cosmic tyrant who has placed rules on humans and punishes (with vengeance) all who disobey without mercy

Book 1 What problem did Augustine have with the Greek poet, Homer, and other literature of the day that described what Zeus and the other gods were like?

He attributed divine power to vicious men so that debauchery might not be accounted debauchery, and so that whoever does such things would seem to imitate not immoral men but the gods of heaven

book 8 ch 12 Augustine was on the fence about following Jesus (even though he knew Christian Theism was true) until what experience

He was walking in the garden and he heard the children say....

What does Augustine say his parents cared about most

His education and training to be a great orator and a persuasive speaker

The branch of philosophy known as ethics covers three areas. Choose the area that it does not cover below.

Informal Fallacies (e.g. Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Straw Man, False Dilemma, etc.)

Questions of metaphysics

Is logic real in relations like the basing relation real entities that scientists (and all humans use) every day? Is mathematics real and what are he properties of its objects Do we have free will (libertarian agency) or are we determined? Are we purely physical creatures made up of atoms which are governed by the laws of physics and chemistry? Or do we have immaterial souls/mind that five us the power of free will? Does a non-physical, immaterial Agent exist who designed and created the universe and keeps it in existence? i.e. Does God exist? Does the past exist? Are human minds designed to accurately report objects in the external world (like stars, planets, animals, etc.)? Are we brains in a vat (like Keanu Reeves in The Matrix), or is the reality we taste, touch, smell, and hear just how God or natural processes (evolution) created us? Does the external world exist outside of our minds, independent of theories? What is the relationship the mind the body? Is there a non-physical or immaterial soul that exists in addition to the brain?

This philosopher was an atheist who thought that humans were completely determined by economic forces (not free will choices). He also thought that humans invented God because of economic oppression by the rich. Who is this famous philosopher who thought religion was the "opium of the people" (or a drug invented by humans to get through life)?

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Consider the following cases: You are trying to understand the behavior of your significant other or your child. You are trying to see if you have enough money in your account to buy a BigMac. You are trying to figure out why there is a traffic jam. In all of these cases, which branch of philosophy is being used in every case?

Logic

Deciding if NeoPlatonism and Manichean Dualism and Christian Theism are coherent worldviews requires the use of what branch of philosophy

Logic

Augustine was raised by a Christian Mother, Monica, and a pagan father, Patricius. He revered Christ, but was not a Christian. His father became a Christian when Augustine was an early teenager After his childhood, what was the progression through worldviews/religions before Augustine became a Christian?

Manicheanism, NeoPlatonism, to Christianity

After leaving Carthage Augustine crossed the Mediterranean and taught in Rome before moving to Milan. It is in Milan that Augustine became acquainted with ? and the Bishop of Milan, ?

Neoplatonism, St. Ambrose

In a remarkable address to the American Academy.... A ???? "is one that deceives us, tricks us, compels us beyond self-interest, beyond ego, beyond family, nation [and] race." But without such ??? we cannot live

Noble lie

Book 2 When Augustine says he found pleasure in "the many" instead of "the One", what is he talking about?

Plato and NeoPlatonism. Plato believed ..

VALUE OF LIFE Atheist philosopher, Friedrich N, and Betrand R, and JPS, both struggled with knowing that if there is no God, then objective right and wrong cannot exist. As Dostoyevsky said "All things are permitted" There was a tension with what in their minds?

Sartre though Marx was morally right about economic oppression and thought it was morally wrong. Russel was against...

Who stated, "the unexamined life is not worth living"?

Socrates

According to ? what philosophy can give is self-understanding. Self-understanding involves knowing who I really am apart from the masks I present to others, the social roles I fulfill, or the labels and descriptions imposed on me by my society and my peers.

Soren Kierkegaard (19th century Danish Philosopher) Christian existentialist author of Fear and Trembling and The Sickness Unto Death

On 13 November, 354 AD, St Augustine was born into the Roman Empire in a town called ?

Thagaste (Modern day Algeria in North Africa)

WLC cited Francis Schaeffer's view that atheism.. What illustration and point did Schaeffer use to make what point?

That of a two-story universe. Man lives on the lower story without God...

which of the following is not one of the problems that WLC has with t he noble lie solution to get humans to have false beliefs in objective right and right and wrong, the objective value of humans, the objective meaning/purpose in life, etc.?

The Noble Lie option was endorsed by Plato (his Myth of Metals) and many other philosophers and leaders in history and it has never worked

WLC argues (following Francis S) that atheism is practically impossible to follow and be consistent because atheism eliminates three things from being real in life. Which of the following is not one of the three things that Craig argues?

The reality of the thick worldview of personal theism; on this worldview, life is rich with meaning....

Augustine said, "Our hearts are restless until they rest in ?

Thee (Speaking to God)

Young atheist, william lane craig, felt anxious and depressed when he thought about his own eventual death.. French atheistic existentialist philosopher, Jean-Paul Sartre, had an explanation why people do not fear death. He persuaded WLC with his answer. What was it.

They are thinking about it form the third person perspective they haven't thought enough to think about their own death- ...

T/F An argument in the philosophical sense is a set of statements in which one or more of the statements attempt to provide reasons or evidence for the truth of another statement. In other words, an argument consists of reasons to believe some claim

True

T/F Coherence is a criterion that considers how well the various parts of a theory "hang together"

True

T/F It's possible for a valid argument to have false premises.

True

T/F Like psychology, epistemology is both a descriptive and a prescriptive discipline. In other words, it tells us what is the case, and it tells what should be the case with regards to knowledge and justification for belief

True

T/F Our word "metaphysics" is derived from a Greek term meaning "the books which come after the physics" regarding the writings of Aristotle (whom the medievals called, "The Philosopher").

True

T/F Philosophers dont argue so much about whether particular things exist, but about what sort of things exist

True

T/F Philosophy is also a practical, instrumentally valuable means to many ends (goal). In fact, everyone uses philosophy all day long and it is a second-order discipline since every discipline in the academy (physics, chemistry, sociology, history, etc.) philosophical assumptions

True

T/F The following is an ethical claim: "Technological advances should always be encouraged by society."

True

T/F What philosophers call "metaphysics" is the same are of study that Aristotle called "first philosophy"

True

T/F Your instructor believes that individuals can make serious philosophical progress (even if the truth is not found) by finding out what is false

True

This is one of the problems with belief acquisition (i.e. how we start having our political beliefs, religious beliefs, moral beliefs, scientific beliefs, and beliefs about relationships):

We acquire ideas, beliefs, and values the way we catch a cold. Like the virus, these ideas, beliefs, and values are floating around in our environment and we inhale them without realizing it

Which of the following questions is least likely to be asked while studying metaphysics

When is testimony (by an eye witness or a scientist) most reliable for providing good evidence for a conclusion (e.g. the guilt/innocence of a murder suspect, or truth/falsity of a theory of quantum mechanics)?

WLC argues that immortality is not sufficient to show life and all of the work and dreams of every human in history has ultimate meaning. What else does Craig argue is needed?

a loving person God who cares about humans and human history

Book 3 ch 7 Augustine defined evil as what

a privation of good

Postmodernism or Post Stucturalism

a worldview that is an enemy to philosophy since it denies logic and reason are real things and it denies that truth exists. So everyone believes things as a result of non-rational causes (race, economic stress, parents, language, sexism, etc.) and not for rational reasons. Also, all philosophical arguments should be ignored and the psychological should be ignored and the psychological reasons why people believe things should be discovered. All humans just try to force their "narrative" on others because there is no truth or meta-narrative.

One way we can silence the free speech of other and eliminate true philosophy is to use the postmodernist trick of deconstruction or finding non-rational reasons to explain away an argument. For Instance 'Ignore the argument he just gave for a wall- he just wants to build a wall because he is a rich, white, racist." What is another name of this kind of attack that we see every day in this country?

ad hominem-circumstantial

Which of the following is NOT one of the aspects/beliefs of the Manichean religion?

all forms of existence flow necessarily from the divinity

In recounting all of his past sin in Book2, ch2, Augustine wrote that a merciful God was always there to help him, and that God was waiting for him to pursue the real pleasure God offers. In the midst of all that, Augustine says that God uses sorrow and pain in our lives to do what?

as a lesson to come back to Him; allows us to get hurt so He can heal us, and let us destroy ourselves so that we might not die apart from Him

a

b

What is true of mankind..... In this nook, which reads more like a piece of modern existentialist literature than a book of the ?? , the writers shows the futility of pleasure,....

bible

c

d

After philosophers threw of the shackles of the Catholic Church and Aristotle in the Enlightenment, philosophers like Kant and Mill tried to ground morality in reason. Atheists Friedrich Nietzsche and Kai Nielsen ?? with this attempt to justify the moral life in the ability for humans to reason.

disagree

Many atheist and naturalists argue that without God to create objective standards of good and evil and right and wrong then moral values are just ??

expressions of personal taste or the result of socio-biological evolution and conditioning

Augustine never found joy in chastity. He never found dignity in continence (refraining from sex), even though he was convinced Jesus revealed the person of God

false

An event that had a large impact on Augustine.... Even though he said it wasn't a true friendship since god was not a part of it, he still said that his friend was

half of his soul - they ad one soul in two bodes they were so close in friendship

As he says Augustine said his moral corruption was made "complete" when he studies in Carthage. What didnt happen during his study at Carthage?

he had his intellectual conversion to Christianity (ie he found it to be the worldview that was the most rationally persuasive)

Romans 13:13-14 13 because we... Book 8, ch 13: why did the experience in the garden with this verse change Augustines mind and get him off the fence to the point of faith?

he thought it was gods voice telling him to read that verse ...

book 5 ch 13 After Augustine left North Africa, ... Why did Augustine first fall in love with Ambrose?

he was a man who was kind to augustine and welcomed him (as a father would a son) to life in Milan even though augustine was not a christian

What two horrible events occurred in Augustine's life in 387 AD, and two years later back in North Africa in Thagaste (in 389-390 AD)

his mother, Monica, died; his son, Adeodatus dies

What is the point of Nietzsche's Parable of the Madman?

if god does not exist humans have to make serious philosophical adjustments to their worldview, since so many of the common-sense beliefs of humans logically depends upon Gods existence

Augustine became a NeoPlatonist for awhile. The last famous NeoPlatonist, Plotinus, wrote Enneads. Which is NOT on of the features of NeoPlatonism as explained in Plotinus' Enneads?

in this universe, there are two powerful deities that are equally powerful: God and the Devil. They battle it our in an eternal cosmic struggle

The distinction between instrumental value and inherent value has been discussed since the time of Plato's Republic. It can apply to everything humans value (e.g. the value of human organisms and dentists). The value of pursuing knowledge or wisdom for its own sake is known as its ?. This is the opposite of having simply ? value.

intrinsic value; instrumental

In Book 4, ch4, Augustine recounts a story where he just wanted to be evil and steal for the sake of stealing itself with his friends. What did Augustine and his friends steal from the neighbor?

loads of pears from a pear tree

In the branch of philosophy known as logic, informal fallacies are discussed. Which of the following is not a fallacy in logic?

modus ponens (if p, then q. p. therefore, q.)

book 3 ch 12 When Augustine became a famous evangelist for the Manichean sect, ... The bishop said a few things to her. Which of the following is NOT one of the things he saus

quit praying for your son. a man who is a leader of a religion ...

In book 2, ch. 2, Augustine said he confused what two things?

real romantic love (eros) and lust

in book 3 ch 7, Augustine argues against a theory in meta-ethics called moral relativism, by saying that moral principles apply across cultures and across centuries and they do not change What do moral relativists believe?

right and wrong and good and evil is relative either to individuals (subjectivism) ....

book 6 ch 11 Augustine argues that for humans to have these desires for God... CS Lewis and Peter Kreeft develop these arguments.... Kreeft thinks that humans are designed t always grown in giving and receiving love and growing in wisdom and knowledge and these are signs that we are not simply physical meat machines destined for destruction at death, but rather, we are much more than natural objects- we are ? beings

supernatural

A number of years ago, a terrible mid-winter air disaster occurred.... And yet, if the atheist is right, [Craig argues] ??

that man was not noble- he did the stupidist thing possible...

THE INNER CONFLICT Augustine had made the "intellectual conversion" to Christianity ... There was one obstacle to keep him from having faith. What was it? What kept Augustine from following Jesus (even though he knew Jesus revealed who the person of God is)

the chains and bondage to lust and desires for sex

Metaphysics, in modern philosophy, refers to

the study of the most fundamental principles of the nature of things

excerpt from william lane craic article The Absurdity of Life without God If god does not exist... Therefore everyone must come face to face with what Theologian Paul Tillich has called " ? " For though....

the threat of non-being

for WLC, the death of what other things (besides our own individual deaths) makes this existential situation for humans even worse?

the universe and every star in it

Which of the following is not one of the three major beliefs of the Naturalistic worldview ?

there are no truths or "meta-narratives' because all ....

T/F C.S. Lewis claimed "Good philosophy must exist, if for no other reason, because bad philosophy needs to be answered."

true

T/F It is difficult for humans to use reason because on emotional and psychological obstacles. "Group Think" can stop the rational exploration of arguments against your view, since we like to insulate ourselves with people who believe the same things. Because of this, we must be very careful when we think we have the truth and we are unaware of the arguments against our view. John Stuart Mill said the number 1 reason why we should know our opponents' arguments better than our own is because they might have the truth and we might be wrong

true

book 9 ch 11 Augustines mother, monica, died in Italy when he was 33 and she was 56

true

book 9 ch 6 Augustines son, adeodatus, died at the age of 17

true

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy involved in the study of

ultimate reality (e.g. whether or not immaterial minds/souls exist, the existence of moral properties like good and evil, free will, when living human organisms become things of value, etc.)