AWS Database - SkillCertTest4

A Database Specialist is migrating multiple applications and databases from the on-premises data center to AWS Cloud. One of the applications requires a heterogeneous database migration where an on-premises Oracle database needs to be migrated and transformed into an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. Schema and code transformation must be done to migrate the data to the Amazon RDS successfully.What is the most suitable approach to migrate this database in AWS?

Convert the source schema using the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to match the target database. Migrate the data from the on-premises source database to an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database using the AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with the change data capture (CDC) option enabled for continuous data replication.

A global retail company runs an e-commerce application supporting two sites - London and Singapore. The application has two web servers in the eu-west-2 and ap-southeast-1 Regions while accessing a shared database running on Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance in a Multi-AZ deployment hosted in the eu-west-2 Region. The Application Manager complains to the Database team that the Singapore team has been facing slow performance when viewing the reports dashboard. A Database Specialist is assigned to create a solution that offers acceptable performance for users across both locations.What is the FASTEST method to resolve the performance issue with minimal downtime?

Create an RDS read replica in the ap-southeast-1 Region from the primary RDS DB instance in the eu-west-2 Region. Reconfigure the ap-southeast-1 webserver to access this replica.

A Database Specialist is planning to migrate its existing on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance and intends to use AWS Database Migration Service to minimize downtime. The Manager wants to validate the migration of data from the source to the target once it completes, and ensure it was successful before the cutover. The Specialist does not want to impact the performance of the Oracle database.Which approach will MOST effectively meet these requirements?

Create the AWS DMS task with Enable validation and Enable CloudWatch logs settings turned on.

A mobile game app uses Amazon Cognito for user authentication and stores the user data and game scores on an Amazon DynamDB table. The DynamoDB Streams is enabled on the table, which allows another application to capture the data updates from the stream to provide a near-real-time leaderboard. A database error occurred, which required the DynamoDB table to be restored from a recent backup. The DynamoDB Streams setting of the table was missing after restoring it, causing the leaderboard to contain outdated data.What is the root cause of the issue?

DynamoDB doesn't include the existing Stream settings of the source table to the destination table.

A Database Specialist currently manages an Amazon Aurora with PostgreSQL compatibility cluster. Every afternoon, performance is degraded due to huge spikes of read operations, maximizing the CPU utilization of the Aurora Replica. The Product Owner asked for a solution that could dynamically meet the application's connectivity and workload requirements.What is the most cost-effective solution that can address the requirement?

Enable Aurora Auto Scaling in the cluster.

A Database Specialist is setting up and deploying an application that uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster. The database must have a minimal application downtime during a failover.What approach can accomplish this requirement?

Enable Aurora DB cluster cache management in the associated parameter group. Set the TCP keepalive parameters for the DB and the application client to a low value.

A company is developing an application that will use an Amazon RDS MySQL database to process and store online transactions worldwide. It will have an unpredictable workload that can potentially exceed the initially allocated storage of the database. The Database Specialist needs to design a cost-effective solution to meet the demand.What should the Database Specialist do to accomplish this?

Enable storage autoscaling for the new RDS DB instance.

A company needs to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS with minimal downtime to avoid production outages. The Database Specialist will use AWS DMS with a full load plus CDC task for continuous replication. The tables of the source database could contain multiple rows with the same value.How should the Database Specialist ensure that there will be no duplicate records on the target tables during migration?

Ensure that each of the target tables has a primary key or unique index.

A Database Specialist is managing an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance with 32 TiB of storage. The database needs to be migrated to an Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster to avail of the various features of Amazon Aurora. The Database Specialist must ensure that there is minimal downtime and no data loss when doing the migration.Which of the following approach is the FASTEST way to migrate the database?

Generate an Aurora Read Replica from the RDS PostgreSQL DB Instance. In the database cut-over, promote the Aurora Read Replica to a standalone Aurora DB cluster.

A Database Specialist runs various tests to a write-intensive batch application that uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database. The application issues a large number of COMMIT and ROLLBACK commands to the database to persist data and roll back recent changes. Before deploying the application to production, the Specialist needs to ensure that there is no performance impact in processing the workload.Which of the following metric should the Specialist monitor and track?

IO:XactSync

A company has an application that uses an Amazon RDS MySQL DB instance with a default DB parameter group. The database abruptly stopped working, affecting the production workloads. Upon investigation, the database is in STORAGE_FULL state and doesn't have enough space to perform basic operations.What should the Database Specialist do first to quickly fix this issue?

Increase the allocated storage property of the RDS DB instance.

A Database Specialist is setting up a disaster recovery solution for an Amazon Redshift cluster with database encryption enabled using AWS KMS. The backup cluster must be highly available and fault-tolerant even in the event of an AWS region outage.Which of the following is the most suitable solution that meets these requirements?

Launch and configure a snapshot copy grant for a master key in another AWS region. Enable cross-region snapshots in the Redshift cluster to copy snapshots of the cluster to the other region.

A Database Engineer plans to migrate an Oracle database instance running in the Northern California (us-west-1) region to an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance located in the Northern Virginia (us-east-1) region using AWS DMS. The source database is configured to dynamically transform and manipulate data using transformation rule expressions.How should the engineer set up the AWS DMS replication instance to achieve the MOST optimal performance?

Launch the AWS DMS replication instance in the same AWS Region, VPC, and Availability Zone where the Oracle database instance is running.

A Database Specialist manages an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster currently residing in the default Amazon VPC with access to the Internet. The company wants to secure the database and associate it with a different VPC. The Application Manager reminded the Database Specialist that the application server resides in the default VPC and should successfully connect to the database once the change is completed.What should the Database Specialist do to meet this requirement?

Restore the Aurora DB cluster snapshot in the new VPC. Use VPC Peering to allow the connection between the default VPC and the new VPC.

The Audit team flagged an unencrypted Amazon Aurora with MySQL Compatibility DB Cluster and required the Financial Services company to secure the data at rest via database encryption. The Application Manager agreed to allocate the whole weekend to perform maintenance on the database to comply with the Audit team.What is the fastest way to encrypt the database?

Restore the unencrypted Aurora DB cluster snapshot to an encrypted Aurora DB cluster.

A government agency is storing confidential user data in an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster. The Database Specialist needs to ensure that all communications to the database are encrypted, and any non-SSL connection requests are blocked.What must be done to satisfy this requirement properly?

Set the rds.force_ssl parameter in the DB parameter group of the Aurora cluster to 1.

An enterprise application that uses an Amazon RDS MySQL database experienced a 3-hour outage that affected thousands of customers around the globe. Upon investigation, the root cause was due to a recent change in the DB security group.What should the Database Specialist do to get a notification whenever the DB security group is modified?

Set up Amazon RDS Event Notification and subscribe to the configuration change category for the DB security group.

A Database Specialist needs to monitor its Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database cluster activity in real-time to meet compliance and regulatory requirement using a third-party monitoring tool. The database cluster must push an audit log containing the activity event record to the monitoring tool every time a user or an application connects to the database. The audit logs should always be encrypted to ensure data security.Which approach can satisfy the above requirements?

Set up database activity streams in the Aurora PostgreSQL cluster that will automatically send the encrypted audit logs to an Amazon Kinesis stream. Integrate the third-party monitoring tool and the Kinesis stream to monitor the activity stream in real-time.

A company has an enterprise application hosted in an Amazon ECS cluster and uses Amazon RDS for MySQL database with a read replica. The application uses the read replica to generate business reports and avoid performance issues on the primary DB instance. However, the users noticed that the queries to the read replica have a slow response time.Which of the following is the MOST likely root cause of this issue?

There are long-running queries on the primary DB instance.

A company has an application that uses an Amazon RDS database instance in the US East (Ohio) Region, which is encrypted at rest using the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). The Database Specialist must launch a read replica of the RDS database in the US West (Northern California) Region to comply with the company's disaster recovery plan.What should the Database Specialist do to satisfy the requirement?

Use AWS KMS to create a new customer master key (CMK) in the US West (Northern California) region. Create an encrypted, cross-region read replica by specifying the key identifier of the recently created CMK in the US West Region.

A company based in Manila intends to migrate a learning management system from an on-premises Oracle database to an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB Cluster. The manager asks the Database Specialist to review the license requirements and hardware configurations of both source and target database instances. The report should also include an estimate of the effort it will take to convert the code.What should the database specialist do to meet these

Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) and create a database migration assessment report.

A CRM application in an Amazon EC2 instance uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance for the database inside the same VPC. Worried about potential threats, the Application Manager wants the database username and password credentials configured for the Application to change every 35 days. The Database Specialist needs to enforce the rule without breaking the Application.Which steps should the Database Specialist take to manage the database credentials securely?

Use AWS Secrets Manager to store a new secret that connects to the PostgreSQL database. Update the Application to retrieve the secret. Enable Automatic Rotation in the Secrets Manager for the secret

An organization requires a cost-effective data warehouse solution that stores 120 TB of data in a durable, consistent, and highly structured format. The solution requires low-latency responses for data queries for the current year. It must automatically scale to support the fluctuating number of incoming queries. The users and the IT Compliance team should also have access to the entire 10-year dataset and other historical data.Which of the following options meets the above requirements?

Use Amazon Redshift as a data warehouse solution to store the most recent data of the current year. Enable the Concurrency Scaling feature to provide consistently fast performance during periods of fluctuating analytical demand. Store the data from the previous years and other historical data on an S3 bucket. Use Redshift Spectrum to query the historical data.

A company is running an application using DynamoDB in provisioned mode. The manager instructed you to gather and analyze the usage and cost of the different AWS services for the past three months. You noticed that DynamoDB is responsible for almost half of the total cost of your account.How can you lower the operating cost of the DynamoDB database?

Use Reserved capacity

A company that uses a MySQL database on-premises has encountered a damaging loss after a database corruption due to a disk failure. The incident has prompted the database team to build a proof of concept for their database operations using Amazon Aurora MySQL. The team needs to demonstrate the effect of a disk failure event on the application's performance.Which of the following will help the team simulate such an event?

Use fault injection queries.

Due to regulatory compliance, a financial services company has to archive three years of monthly database backups of a 4 TB Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance and present it to auditors within the day the request was made.Which is the most operationally efficient solution that will meet these requirements?

Write a Lambda function that takes a manual RDS snapshot every first of the month.

A Database Specialist is planning to create a new Amazon DynamoDB table that will have a SongName attribute as its partition key and a Genre attribute as its sort key. The table design must accommodate a feature that will query the partition key but will use the Artist attribute as a different sort key. It also requires a strong read consistency to fetch the latest data.Which of the following must be done to satisfy the above requirements?

Add a Local Secondary Index (LSI) at the same time that the DynamoDB table is created. Configure the LSI to use the SongName attribute as the partition key and the Artist attribute as the sort key.

A company uses an Amazon RDS for MariaDB instance in a Multi-AZ deployment for its e-commerce application. To meet the compliance audit, the company's Database Specialist was required to move the primary DB instance out of its current Availability Zone (ap-southeast-2a) and restrict it to start only in Availability Zones (ap-southeast-2b) and (ap-southeast-2c) in the same Amazon VPC provided by the Network Specialist. The Database Specialist wants to avoid any database data modification and accomplish the task with minimum downtime.What should the Database Specialist do to meet this requirement?

Reboot the DB instance with failover to the other AZ. Modify the MariaDB instance to be a Single-AZ deployment. Modify the existing DB subnet group to remove the subnet associated with ap-southeast-2a and add the subnet for the preferred Availability Zone. Modify the DB instance back to a Multi-AZ deployment.

A Database Specialist is managing a DynamoDB table that holds sensor data. The table has provisioned read/write capacity units, local secondary indexes, global secondary indexes, and an associated IAM policy. Every recorded data is set to expire after 7 days using the Time to Live (TTL) feature. An update to the application's code has caused the DynamoDB table to have inconsistent records and needs to be restored from a backup.What must the Database Specialist do after restoring the table? (Select TWO.)

1. Associate the existing Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy to the restored table. 2. Re-apply the Time to Live (TTL) settings to the restored table.

A company plans to create a new enterprise application. The company's Database Specialist intends to deploy a new Amazon RDS for MariaDB database environment. For ease of management, the DB instance will reside on the same VPC as the application running in an EC2 instance, which will be accessible from the Internet. The Database Specialist needs to prevent the database from being accessed outside the VPC.Which steps should the Database Specialist take to set up the database? (Select THREE.)

1. Create a VPC security group for the MariaDB instance that allows inbound traffic on port 3306 from the EC2 instance. 2. Create a DB instance in the VPC with Public accessibility option disabled. 3. Create a DB subnet group with two private subnets associated with the VPC.

A Database Specialist is configuring the connection management for an Amazon Aurora for MySQL cluster with four Aurora replicas - two db.r5.large and two db.r5.2xlarge instances. While planning for the read workload management, the application owner wanted to dedicate the r5.large instances to the analysis team and leave the remaining instances, including the newly created replicas, to other users. In case of a failover, the analysis team replicas should be the least likely candidates for promotion.What should the Database Specialist do to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

1. Create a custom endpoint and include the db.r5.large replicas in a static list. 2. Set the priority tier of the chosen analysis team replicas to tier-15. 3. Create an ANY custom endpoint with an exclusion list. Exclude the db.r5.large replicas.

A Database Specialist is adding new indexes and altering large tables of an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database that uses a medium instance type with a default configuration. The application suddenly crashes with the following error message when loading a large dataset:ERROR: could not write block 18980612 of temporary file: No space left on deviceWhich of the following can the Database Specialist do to resolve this issue? (Select TWO.)

1. Modify the Aurora database to use a DB instance class with more local SSD storage. 2.Lessen the database workload to reduce the amount of temporary storage required.

A financial services company runs an Amazon RDS for SQL Server instance farm. The most critical RDS SQL Server DB instance recently experienced a 100% CPU spike, causing a significant incident and impacting the users. The Database Manager needs to determine the root cause, but could not succeed in determining it using the standard metrics collected.Which steps should the Database Manager take to investigate the database processes running during an increase in CPU load? (Select TWO.)

1. Review the Enhanced Monitoring metrics to view CPU utilization at the DB instance level. 2. Use Amazon RDS Performance Insights to assess the database load and review waits and SQL statements.

A startup is developing a distributed cache for session management using Amazon ElastiCache for Redis with cluster mode enabled. The cache layer will be used by various applications running in AWS. The cluster shall use the default port for Redis connection.Which combination of steps should the Database Specialist do to protect the ElastiCache cluster from unauthorized access? (Select TWO.)

1. Set the associated security group to allow inbound traffic on TCP port 6379 from trusted clients only. 2. Enable encryption in-transit and encryption at-rest on the ElastiCache cluster including Redis AUTH. Configure the clients to use the auth-token parameter when connecting to the Redis cluster.

A Database Specialist needs to deploy a new Amazon Aurora MySQL database cluster. The Application Manager wants to monitor the database performance and asks the Specialist if Amazon RDS Performance Insights can be enabled.Which steps should the Database Specialist consider to enable Amazon RDS Performance Insights? (Select TWO).

1. The AWS account used to build the cluster is granted proper AWS KMS key and IAM policies. 2. Amazon RDS Performance Insights is configured on a per-instance level.

A company has an application that uses an Amazon DynamoDB table with a global secondary index. The Database Specialist must back up the data stored in the table to protect the system from database service disruptions.Which of the following is true when the table is backed up? (Select TWO.)

1. The backup is created asynchronously. 2. DynamoDB consumes the provisioned throughput of the table.

A multimedia company based in Singapore wants to build a highly available database solution in AWS. It will be used for a content management application that expects high-volume requests and hence, can scale depending on the read throughput. The fully-managed database service will store data in JSON-like documents with attribute value sizes as large as 16 MB.Which database service would best fit the company's needs?

Amazon DocumentDB

A Database Specialist plans to migrate an on-premises non-relational key-value database to a fully-managed AWS service that can take care of tasks such as scaling databases and hardware provisioning. The Application Manager also requires a cost-effective database that could manage unknown workloads and unpredictable user traffic.Which solution should the Database Specialist consider first?

Amazon DynamoDB table with on-demand capacity mode

The Database Specialist needs to add a multithreaded cache layer to an application to improve its performance. The application will cache small arbitrary data from common database query results and external API calls. The cache layer must utilize multiple processing cores to easily scale up compute capacity and handle more operations.What is the most suitable service that the Database Specialist should use in this scenario?

Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached

A Database Specialist creates an Amazon RDS DB instance from a snapshot. The new database will be used in the staging environment for developing new features for a web application. After updating the server configuration with the new DB instance endpoint, the web application still can't access the restored RDS instance. The initial investigation shows that the database credentials used are correct.Which of the following is the most likely cause of this connection problem?

Amazon RDS initially configures the restored DB instance to use the default security group.

A company runs its mission-critical application in AWS, which uses an Amazon Aurora DB cluster to store financial transactions. The application has a reporting module that's heavily utilized by its users. The Aurora DB cluster consists of a medium-sized primary DB instance, two medium-sized replicas, and a large-sized read replica. For the promotion tier, all of the replicas are using the same default values.What will happen if the primary instance experienced a failure?

Amazon RDS promotes the read replica with the largest instance size.

A company has been running a production application that uses Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ database. The Database Specialist would frequently receive an urgent request from the application support team to restore a recent copy of the database. Upon investigation, it was found that some users commit data deletion changes on the tables of the production database, which need to be undone immediately upon system validation. They are considering a more sustainable solution.Which solution should the Database Specialist implement to accelerate the provision of the desired production database whenever the error occurs?

Migrate to an Amazon Aurora with MySQL compatibility DB cluster. Enable and use the Backtrack feature.

A serverless online bidding service uses a DynamoDB table as its database. The application has predictable and consistent traffic that ramps gradually. It heavily relies on the UpdateItem operation to immediately refresh the current item's price. The application's workload peaks every weekday, one hour before the bid closes. During this time, some of the requests encounter a ProvisionedThroughputExceededException error that causes the item to close at a lower price.Which of the following solutions should the Database Specialist do to resolve the issue?

Modify the DynamoDB table to use provisioned mode. Increase the allocated write capacity units (WCUs).

A Database Specialist manages the costs incurred by an Amazon Aurora with MySQL compatibility cluster and has decided to delete a cross-Region read replica cluster. The attempt to remove the only instance in the read replica cluster using the RDS console fails.What is the first step that the Database Specialist needs to take to delete the replica cluster successfully?

Promote the cross-region read replica cluster to a standalone DB cluster.

The Security team requested the Database Specialist to reinforce auditing in an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server instance. They wanted to audit the SQL Server error logs and agent logs for investigation purposes and keep them in reliable storage for a year. The Database Specialist wants a solution that does not require a lot of coding development and day-to-day management.Which approach will meet these requirements?

Publish the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs and set them to expire after a year.

A Database Specialist needs to decommission a production Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database cluster. Using the Amazon RDS console, the Specialist attempts to delete the last DB instance in the cluster. However, the action throws out an error and fails.What is most likely causing the issue?

The Aurora Cluster has deletion protection option enabled.

A company wants to secure its CRM application, which uses an Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance for database needs. The Database Specialist is in charge of enforcing the users to use SSL/TLS to connect to the Oracle database. After a successful set up to enable SSL encryption in the instance and testing the Oracle database queries from the workstation, the Database Specialist asks some users to validate the change themselves. Despite using the same database login credentials, the validation test failed and could not even connect to the database successfully. The Database Specialist investigates and confirms that the security group configuration allows network traffic to and from the application. The username and password used in the test are valid and correct.What should the Database Specialist most likely consider to fix the connection failure?

The Database Specialist needs to configure the application to use the latest available CA root certificate and use the SSL certificate on the connection string.

One of the database team members has disabled the Point-In-Time Recovery (PITR) of a DynamoDB table to remove additional charges. After three days, the member re-enabled the Point-In-Time recovery to restore the table that holds data from 15 days ago and found out that the backup made on that day no longer exists.How can the database team recover the backup data?

The backup table can no longer be recovered because re-enabling the PITR after disabling it will reset the time for which you can recover that table.

A database team is investigating an application connection failure on an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster with multiple Aurora Replicas in the same Region that had been running with no issues for the past 2 months. The connection failure lasted for 5 minutes and corrected itself after that. The Database Specialist reviewed the events from Amazon CloudWatch and verified that a failover event did occur during that time. It took the failover process around 15 seconds to complete.Which of the following most likely caused the 5-minute connection outage?

The client-side application's time-to-live is set too high and is caching the old DNS data.

A Database Specialist recently created an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in a Multi-AZ deployment and has enforced the Application team to connect to the database using IAM Database Authentication. After enabling IAM Database Authentication in the DB instance and creating policies that grant the IAM users rds-db:connect action, a corresponding user was created inside the PostgreSQL DB instance. However, the Application team complained that the attempt to connect was unsuccessful.What should the Database Specialist consider to resolve the issue?

The rds_iam role needs to be granted in the PostgreSQL database user.