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You kick two balls from the top of a cliff. In one case, you kick the ball with a velocity of magnitude v at an angle of θ > 0 from the horizontal, as shown. In the second case, you kick the ball with a velocity of the same magnitude v directed along the horizontal. In which case will the ball hit the ground in the shortest time from the moment you kick it? a) We can't say without knowing the height of the cliff. b) Case 1 c) The two balls will take the same time to get to the ground. d) Case 2 e) We can't say without knowing the initial speed of the balls

Exam 1 FA18;10

You kick a soccer ball with an initial velocity of magnitude v0 at an angle of 40° above the horizontal toward a high wall. The ball hits the wall at the highest point in its trajectory, which is 10.4 m above the ground, after 1.46 s. (In other words, if the wall weren't there, the ball would never get any higher than 10.4 m.) What is the horizontal distance between you and the wall?

Exam 1 FA18;11

You pull a box with a rope along a table as shown. The force you are exerting has a magnitude of F1 and a direction of θ1 from the horizontal. Assume there is no friction between the block and table. What will happen if you decrease θ1 but do not change the magnitude of the force you exert, F1?

Exam 1 FA18;12

The diagram here shows possible forces (as vectors A through E) acting on an object placed on an inclined plane. Note that not all of these vectors represent real forces acting on the object. Ignore friction. Which description below identifies the actual forces acting on the object that belong on a proper free body diagram?

Exam 1 FA18;13

A speeding vehicle is moving at 80 miles per hour down a straight road. It passes a police car. Three seconds after the two are side-by-side, the police car starts chasing the speeding vehicle. After traveling 324 meters, the police car catches up to the speeder. Which of the following graphs best matches the position vs. time of the police car? (You can assume 12 miles per hour = 5.4 m/s and that the police car is at x = 0 when the speeder passes.)

Exam 1 FA18;2

. Three people race each other. They all start from the same position (x = 0) and begin the race at the same time (t = 0). The person who is the first to cross the finish line at x = D will win the race. The graphs of the racers' positions vs. times are shown below. Which statement about these racers is false? ) The average velocity of racer 1 between t = 0 and t = T is equal to the average velocity of racer 2 between t = 0 and t = T. b) Racer 3 wins the race. c) Racer 2 travels the largest distance of any racer. d) The average velocity of all three racers between t = 0 and t = T is the same. e) The average velocity of racer 2 between t = 0 and t = T is not equal to the average speed of racer 2 between t = 0 and t = T.

Exam 1 FA18;3

Which statement about the motion depicted in the graph below is correct? a) At t = 20 s, ax is positive and the object is speeding up. b) At t = 20 s, ax is negative and the object is speeding up. c) At t = 20 s, ax is positive and the object is slowing down. d) At t = 20 s, ax is negative and the object is slowing down. e) At t = 20 s, ax is zero and the object is slowing down.

Exam 1 FA18;4

* An astronaut is in a space capsule that is initially at rest (v0 = 0) with respect to a space station 4 km away. However, the rockets on the capsule are almost out of fuel. They can only burn for a total of 6 seconds. To reach the space station, she determines to speed up in the direction of the station with an acceleration of 30 m/s2 for 3 seconds, coast for a while, then slow down with an acceleration of 30 m/s2 for 3 seconds until she arrives at the space station with zero velocity (vf = 0). How long does it take her to arrive at the space station?

Exam 1 FA18;5

. The following pictures show the motion of three different objects (1, 2, and 3) at two different times. Each is experiencing a constant acceleration. (Note that the distance between the images of the object at the two times is not an indication of distance traveled.) Which object is experiencing the acceleration of the largest magnitude?

Exam 1 FA18;6

The following pictures show an object with different velocities and accelerations. Which sequence best fits the changes in velocity and acceleration experienced by the object after it has been thrown upwards into the air? (The dotted lines do not represent altitude. They are only there to help judge the magnitudes of the vectors.)

Exam 1 FA18;7

An object is following the trajectory shown from Point 1 to Point 5. The object speeds up as it moves. At which point could its acceleration be directed as shown below?

Exam 1 FA18;8

Three different objects (1, 2, and 3) are moving uniformly in circles of different radii in the directions shown below. (Note that the lengths of the velocity vectors shown may not be to scale.) Page 6 of 8 If the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration experienced by each object is the same, rank the magnitudes of the velocities of each object.

Exam 1 FA18;9

Pressure is measured as force per unit area or (!"#$%) (!"#!) . What is another way we can describe pressure? The basic forms of useful units are shown.

Exam 1 FA19; 2

basic units problem

Exam 1 FA19; 2

The next two questions are about an object traveling along the following trajectory in a direction indicated by the arrows and at a constant speed. Which of the following statements about the acceleration of this object is TRUE?

Exam 1 FA19;10

An object moves on the circular path in the direction shown and is slowing down. Pick the direction of the acceleration at the point drawn on the curve

Exam 1 FA19;11

An object is launched upward at an angle from ground level and travels over flat terrain. Its total flight time is 1 second and it goes a horizontal distance of 3 meters from its starting position. What was the magnitude of its initial velocity? Ignore any air resistance.

Exam 1 FA19;12

Exam 1 FA19;13

The next three questions refer to the following three cases: Three identical blocks of mass m are on three identical inclined planes. In the first case (1), an external force of magnitude F that is purely horizontal in direction is exerted on the block. In the second case (2), an external force of the same magnitude F that is parallel to the surface of the inclined plane is exerted on the block. In the third case (3), no external force is exerted on the block. In all cases, ignore friction. Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 ____ 14. (4 pts) Rank the normal forces that the surfaces of the inclined planes exert on each block from largest to smallest. (N1 is the normal force in Case 1, N2 is the normal force in Case 2, and N3 is the normal force in Case 3.)

Exam 1 FA19;14

The next three questions refer to the following three cases: Three identical blocks of mass m are on three identical inclined planes. In the first case (1), an external force of magnitude F that is purely horizontal in direction is exerted on the block. In the second case (2), an external force of the same magnitude F that is parallel to the surface of the inclined plane is exerted on the block. In the third case (3), no external force is exerted on the block. In all cases, ignore friction. Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 ____ 14. (4 pts) In Case 1, if the magnitude of the external force F exerted on the block is increased, but its direction remains the same, what will happen to the normal force exerted on the block by the surface of the inclined plane? Ignore any friction.

Exam 1 FA19;15

The next three questions refer to the following three cases: Three identical blocks of mass m are on three identical inclined planes. In the first case (1), an external force of magnitude F that is purely horizontal in direction is exerted on the block. In the second case (2), an external force of the same magnitude F that is parallel to the surface of the inclined plane is exerted on the block. In the third case (3), no external force is exerted on the block. In all cases, ignore friction. Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 ____ 14. (4 pts) Consider Case 2. If the mass of the block is m = 5 kg, the angle of the inclined plane is θ = 25°, and the external force parallel to the surface of the plane is F = 15 N, what will the magnitude of the acceleration of the block be? Ignore any friction between the block and the surface of the inclined plane.

Exam 1 FA19;16

All the following statements are true about a moving object: 1. The average speed of the object is greater than zero. 2. The magnitude of the average velocity of the object is smaller than the average speed of the object. 3. The average velocity of the object is not zero. 4. The average velocity of the object is positive. Considering these statements, choose the position vs. time graph that best depicts the motion of the object:

Exam 1 FA19;3

The next two questions refer to the following graph depicting the velocity of a ball over time. What is happening to the ball between points 1 and 2?

Exam 1 FA19;4

The next two questions refer to the following graph depicting the velocity of a ball over time. Which explanation best fits the motion of the ball as shown by the graph?

Exam 1 FA19;5

Two cyclists are at opposite ends of a straight 250 m track. They both begin from rest and accelerate toward each other. They meet somewhere on the track after 20 s. The acceleration of the first cyclist is 0.5 m/s2 . What is the acceleration of the second cyclist?

Exam 1 FA19;6

The following shows the velocity vs. time of a moving object. What are the directions of the velocity (V) and acceleration (A) vectors at each marked point if right is positive in our coordinate system?

Exam 1 FA19;7

A capsule and rocket accelerate upwards at 25 m/s2 from rest on the launch pad for a total of 10 s. At 10 s the capsule separates from the rocket and moves under the influence of gravity alone. What is the maximum height off the launch pad the capsule will reach? (You can assume that the acceleration due to gravity, g, doesn't change between the surface of the earth and the maximum height of the capsule.)

Exam 1 FA19;8

Exam 1 FA19;9

A block slides down a straight ramp inclined at an angle of � = 30˚, then slides horizontally off the end of a table as shown. There is no friction, and the block's speed leaving the table is the same as its speed at the end of the ramp. At what distance � from the bottom of the ramp should you release the block so that it lands in the bucket?

Exam 1 Sp19;10

You throw a basketball into a basketball hoop as shown in the figure. It travels along the dashed line, reaching a maximum height of 15 ft. How much time elapses between you releasing the ball (ball pictured on left) and when it is centered in the hoop (ball pictured on right).

Exam 1 Sp19;11

A projectile is launched from Earth's surface at a certain initial velocity at an angle above the horizontal, reaching maximum height after time �:;<. Another projectile is launched with the same initial velocity and angle from the surface of the Moon, where the acceleration due to gravity is one-sixth that of Earth. Neglecting air resistance, how long does it take the projectile on the Moon to reach its maximum height?

Exam 1 Sp19;12

An object experiencing constant acceleration has initial and final velocity vectors as shown at right. Which of the following vectors could represent the acceleration vector �⃗ of the object?

Exam 1 Sp19;13

You shoot an arrow straight up in the air at an initial speed of 15.0 m/s. Ignoring air resistance, after how much time will the arrow be moving downward at a speed of 8.00 m/s?

Exam 1 Sp19;14

Questions 15 and 16 concern the scenario shown in the figure below. A spaceship of mass 5700 kg has two engines. It is in outer space, so there are no other forces on it except from the engines. Each engine applies the same 72,000 N force to the spaceship when it is on. Starting from rest, engine 2 is off and engine 1 fires for 2.0 seconds producing force, then shuts off. Engine 2 then immediately fires for 3.6 seconds, producing force , then shuts off. ____ 15. (4 pts) At what angle above the horizontal is the spaceship now traveling? Choose the angle closest to the correct value.

Exam 1 Sp19;15

A spaceship of mass 5700 kg has two engines. It is in outer space, so there are no other forces on it except from the engines. Each engine applies the same 72,000 N force to the spaceship when it is on. Starting from rest, engine 2 is off and engine 1 fires for 2.0 seconds producing force, then shuts off. Engine 2 then immediately fires for 3.6 seconds, producing force , then shuts off. ____ 15. (4 pts) At what speed is the spaceship now traveling? Choose the speed closest to the correct value

Exam 1 Sp19;16

In South America, fuel efficiency is measured in liters per 100 km. A vehicle has fuel efficiency of 17 liters per 100 km. How many miles per gallon (mpg) is this? You may use the conversion factors provided at right.

Exam 1 Sp19;2

Questions 3 and 4 concern the velocity vs. time graph shown at right, which describes the motion of an object moving in one dimension along the x-axis. During which interval(s) is the object speeding up?

Exam 1 Sp19;3

Exam 1 Sp19;4

A 71 kg person is riding in an elevator that is accelerating as shown. At that instant, the scale reads:

Exam 1 Sp19;5

Questions 6 and 7 concern the scenario shown in the figure below A skier slides down the ski jump, then launches into the air. Which set of vectors correctly indicates the direction of the skier's acceleration at the numbered points? Ignore any friction or air resistance

Exam 1 Sp19;6

Questions 6 and 7 concern the scenario shown in the figure below The skier starts from rest, and skis down the hill 50 m (this is position 1). What is the magnitude of her acceleration at point 1?

Exam 1 Sp19;7

Standing over the edge of a building, you throw a ball straight downward with speed �2 at the same instant you release an identical ball from rest. For each ball, consider the time between when the ball is released and when it hits the ground. Compared with the dropped ball, the thrown ball will have a greater magnitude of:

Exam 1 Sp19;8

A cheetah is running at a constant speed of �3 = 30 m/s, chasing a gazelle that is 25 m ahead of the cheetah. The gazelle is moving at a constant speed of �4 = 25 m/s. How much farther does the cheetah need to run before it catches the gazelle?

Exam 1 Sp19;9

You are riding an old-fashioned bicycle with two wheels, one with 2 times the radius of the other. If you are riding at a constant speed and both wheels are rolling without slipping on the ground, which has the larger angular velocity? a) Wheel 2 b) Both wheels have the same angular velocity. c) Wheel 1 d) We can't tell without knowing the exact speed of the bike

Exam 2 FA18;10

You throw a Frisbee horizontally with the initial velocity of 14 m/s. The diameter of the disc is 20 cm, its mass is 175 g, and you notice that it rotates with the angular velocity of 140 rad/s right after it leaves your hand. What is the total kinetic energy of the Frisbee at this moment? Assume that the Frisbee is a solid disc (the same thing as a thin solid cylinder) with uniform thickness. (Idisc = ½MR2 )

Exam 2 FA18;11

At a construction site, a thin metal rod of length L is at rest, supported by a vertical rope as shown in the figure below. What is the tension force, T, of the rope and the magnitude of the force, N, the rod exerts on the ground if the length of the rod is 10 m, its mass is 100 kg, and the friction with the ground may be neglected?

Exam 2 FA18;12

A cut tree is falling freely from an initial vertical position, as shown in the figure, with the lower end of its trunk still barely connected to the very low stump so that the tree is pivoting around the point of connection. What is the angular velocity of the tree just before it hits the ground? Assume that the tree trunk is a thin rod of height 5 m and its mass is 200 kg. (Irod,end = ⅓ML2 )

Exam 2 FA18;13

. The graph below shows the velocity of an object in the x direction over time. At which point (1 through 5) is ax positive and the object slowing down? a) Point 4 b) Point 2 c) Point 5 d) Point 3 e) Point 1

Exam 2 FA18;14

The following pictures show the motion of four different objects (1, 2, 3, and 4) at two different times. Each is experiencing a constant acceleration. (Note that the distance between the images of the object at the two times is not an indication of distance traveled.) Which object is experiencing the acceleration of the largest magnitude? a) Object 4 b) Object 1 c) Object 3 d) Object 2 e) All are experiencing the same acceleration.

Exam 2 FA18;15

You kick two balls from the top of a cliff. In one case, you kick the ball with a velocity of magnitude v1 at an angle of θ1 from the horizontal, as shown. In the second case, you kick the ball with a velocity of magnitude v2 at an angle of θ2 from the horizontal, also as shown. Assume that θ1 > θ2. The lengths of the velocity vectors shown may not reflect their actual magnitudes. If both balls reach the same maximum height, which of the following statements about these two cases is TRUE? a) The vertical component of v1 is equal to the vertical component of v2. b) The ball in case 2 is in the air for a longer period of time than the ball in case 1. c) The horizontal component of v1 is the same as the horizontal component of v2. d) The ball in case 1 lands a larger distance away from the base of the cliff than the ball in case 2. e) None of the above is true.

Exam 2 FA18;16

. A box is placed on a triangular object with an inclined surface and begins to slide downward along the incline. The objet with the inclined surface is itself sitting on the floor. You can ignore all friction for this question, but do not assume any object is massless or stationary. In this case, which of the following is the best match to the free body diagram of the object with the inclined surface? (In other words, this is not a question about the free body diagram of the block, but rather of the object the block is on top of.)

Exam 2 FA18;2

Object 1 with mass m1 is stacked on top of object 2 with mass m2. You exert a horizontal force Fyou,2 on m2, as shown and m2 accelerates to the right. You can assume that m1 stays on top of m2 because of static friction and that there is a force of kinetic friction between m2 and the floor. Which of the following will NOT CHANGE if you increase the magnitude of Fyou,2? Assume that object 1 continues to stay on top of and does not move with respect to object 2. a) The static frictional force that object 1 exerts on object 2 b) The kinetic frictional force that the floor exerts on object 2 c) The acceleration of object 2 d) A and B e) All of the above will change

Exam 2 FA18;3

You exert a force on an object, m = 150 kg, with magnitude Fyou,m = 300 N and at an angle θ = 35° from the horizontal as shown. When you exert Fyou,m, the object does not move. If you double the mass of the object to 300 kg, exert the same force at the same angle, and the object still does not move, by what factor did the static frictional force exerted by the floor on the object increase? a) It was halved. b) It doubled. c) It tripled. d) It did not change. e) We cannot tell without knowing the coefficient of static friction between the object and floor.

Exam 2 FA18;4

A car drives quickly over a small hill as shown. The car travels at a constant speed v that is large but the car's tires never lose contact with the road. The surface of the hill is exactly the same as a circle of radius r, as shown. The car is also experiencing air drag as it moves. With all this in mind, which is the best match to the free body diagram of the car at the instant pictured when it is at the top of the hill?

Exam 2 FA18;5

You push two boxes along a straight line from one side of a room to the other in the positive x direction. Each box begins at rest at t1 and ends at rest at t2. Kinetic friction acts on each box as you push it with the same coefficient of kinetic friction, but one box is heavy and the other is light. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) The net work done on both boxes from t1 to t2 is positive, and the same net work is done on both boxes. b) The net work done on both boxes from t1 to t2 is positive, and more net work is done on the heavier box. c) The net work done on both boxes from t1 to t2 is negative, and the same net work is done on both boxes. d) The net work done on both boxes from t1 to t2 is negative, and more net work is done on the heavier box. e) The net work done on both boxes from t1 to t2 is zero.

Exam 2 FA18;6

Three objects are thrown upwards from the same spot and reach three different heights. At the positions shown, all three objects have lost equal amounts of kinetic energy from the moment when they were thrown upwards. Which object has the most mass? a) Object 2 b) Object 1 c) Object 3 d) All three objects have the same mass.

Exam 2 FA18;7

An object of mass m starts from the left with velocity v0 and travels along a track moving right from position 1 to position 5 as shown. The track is completely frictionless, except for a horizontal region of length Δxf, where the coefficient of kinetic friction between the track and the object is µk. The object finally colides with a spring with spring constant k and comes to rest, compressing the formerly relaxed spring by a maximum amount, Δx. Which statement about the energy of the object-earth-spring system as the object moves from position 1 to position 5 is FALSE? Assume that the center of mass of the block is at the exact same vertical heights at positions 1 and 3. Also note that while no velocity vectors are shown for points 2 through 4, the block may be moving at these positions. a) The gravitational potential energy is least at position 2. b) The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy is the same at position 2 and position 5. c) The kinetic energy is larger at position 2 than at position 4. d) The potential energy is larger at position 5 than at position 3. e) The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy is the same at position 1 and position 4.

Exam 2 FA18;8

A billiard ball (� = 0.15 ��) moving with the speed of �! = 10 �/� along the X direction hits the second identical ball that was initially at rest. After the collision, the first ball moves at a 30∘ angle with respect to the X direction with the speed of 5 �/�. What is the resulting speed of the second ball after the collision? Neglect the friction forces with the billiard table.

Exam 2 FA18;9

Exam 2 FA19;10

The next two questions refer to the following situation: On a smooth horizontal plane, two blocks with masses of 2 kg and 6 kg, respectively, are initially tied by a light string with a compressed spring in between. After the string is cut, it is found that the 6 kg block moves at 2 m/s to the right (see picture). What is the speed of the 2 kg block after the string is cut?

Exam 2 FA19;11

Exam 2 FA19;12

Five objects with different masses but the same radii are placed side by side at the top of an incline. If they are released from rest and roll without slipping, which object reaches the bottom first? Ignore air resistance. a) A solid sphere with mass 3M and radius R b) A disk with mass 2M and radius R c) A hoop with mass 1.5 M and radius R d) A disk with mass 4M and radius R e) A hoop with mass 2.5M and radius R

Exam 2 FA19;13

As shown, a uniform disk with mass M1=1 kg and radius R1= 0.2 m is rotating about a frictionless, vertical axle with an initial angular speed ω0 = 2.7 rad/s ("Before" figure). A second uniform disk, this one having mass M2=0.5 kg , radius R2= 0.1 m, and initially not rotating, drops vertically down to the first disk ("After" figure). The two disks stick together immediately and reach the same angular speed ωf. Page 8 of 11 What is ωf?

Exam 2 FA19;14

Calculate the net torque on the beam in the figure about and axis perpendicular to the page and going through point O. (Assume α = 48°, β = 34°, γ = 21°, and ℓ = 3.6 m. Also assume these three forces are the only ones acting on the beam.)

Exam 2 FA19;15

The next two questions refer to the following situation. One end of a uniform 3.6-m-long rod of weight 100 N is supported by a cable at an angle of θ = 37° with the rod. The other end rests against the wall, where it is held by friction as shown in the figure. (Note: There is no hinge at point A. The rod is resting against the wall like a ladder.) Which force acting on the rod will not exert any torque around ANY axis of rotation? a) The normal force the wall exerts on the rod b) The tension force the cable exerts on the rod c) The friction force the wall exerts on the rod d) The gravitational force the earth exerts on the rod e) All these forces will exert a torque around some axis of rotation.

Exam 2 FA19;16

Exam 2 FA19;17

An object is traveling along the trajectory pictured here in a direction indicated by the arrows and is speeding up. For which point, is the direction of the acceleration vector shown the CORRECT one for the object? At every point, the dotted lines are perpendicular to the trajectory that the object is following. a) Point 1 b) Point 2 c) Point 3 d) Point 4 e) The direction of the acceleration is correct for all the points. )What is the frictional force exerted by the wall on the rod at point A?

Exam 2 FA19;18

Forces are exerted on three masses, M1, M2, and M3, as shown. Assume all the forces have the same magnitude and are only directed vertically, horizontally, or at a 45° angle to the horizontal. Page 10 of 11 Which of the following statement about these masses is TRUE? a) The magnitude of the net force on M1 is larger than the magnitude of the magnitude of the net force on M3. b) The magnitude of the acceleration of M3 will be larger than the magnitude of the acceleration of M1. c) The direction of the net force on M2 is the same as the direction of the net force on M3. d) The magnitude of the acceleration of M2 will be the same as the magnitude of the acceleration of M1. e) If M3 is moving in at a certain velocity, it will continue to move at that velocity.

Exam 2 FA19;19

Four boxes are arranged as shown. An external force of magnitude F is applied on m1 to the right. All four boxes experience an acceleration of magnitude a to the right. Which statement about this situation is FALSE? a) The normal force that m2 exerts on m3 is a ThirdLaw pair with of the sum of the force that earth exerts on m3 and the force that earth exerts on m4. b) The normal force that m1 exerts on m2 is a ThirdLaw pair with the normal force that m2 exerts on m1. c) The normal force that m2 exerts on m3 is equal in magnitude to the sum of the force that earth exerts on m3 and the force that earth exerts on m4. d) The normal force that m1 exerts on m2 is equal in magnitude to the normal force that m2 exerts on m1. e) The frictional force that m4 exerts on m3 is a Third-Law pair with the frictional force that m3 exerts on m4.

Exam 2 FA19;2

The next two questions are about four cases in which a single external force is applied to an object on a surface. The magnitudes and directions of the forces, and the relative masses of the objects are shown for each case. If all of the objects remain stationary, which statement about these four cases is TRUE? a) The magnitude of the static friction force that the surface exerts on the object is larger in case 3 than in any other case. b) The magnitude of the static friction force that the surface exerts on the object is equal in cases 1 and 3. c) The magnitude of the static friction force that the surface exerts on the object is larger in case 4 than in case 2. d) The magnitude of the static friction force that the surface exerts on the object is larger in case 2 than in any other case. e) The magnitude of the static friction force that the surface exerts on the object is smaller in case 1 than in any other case

Exam 2 FA19;3

The next two questions are about four cases in which a single external force is applied to an object on a surface. The magnitudes and directions of the forces, and the relative masses of the objects are shown for each case. Suppose the object starts to move. In which case will the force of kinetic friction that the surface exerts on the object be the smallest? Assume that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and surface is the same in all cases. a) Case 1 b) Case 2 c) Case 3 d) Case 4

Exam 2 FA19;4

A car is coasting around an inclined circular track of radius r at constant speed v. There is no frictional force between the tires and the surface of the track. What could you do if you wanted the car to move around the circular track at a larger speed, still without any friction between the tires and the surface of the track? Assume you only do one of the following things at a time. a) More than one of these options will work. b) Decrease the radius of the track. c) Increase the mass of the car. d) Decrease the coefficient of kinetic friction between the surface of the track and the car's tires. e) Increase the angle of the track's incline, θ

Exam 2 FA19;5

The next three questions refer to the following situation. Suppose you are standing on a ledge above your friend. An apple begins at rest in your hand. You toss it upward. It leaves your hand, rises into the air, then falls back down to your friend. Your friend catches the apple, which ends at rest in their hand. Ignore air resistance. The net work done on the apple by gravity, you, and your friend (which accounts for all the sources of external force acting on the apple) from beginning to end was: a) Negative b) Positive c) Zero d) We can't tell without knowing the initial velocity of the apple.

Exam 2 FA19;6

The next three questions refer to the following situation. Suppose you are standing on a ledge above your friend. An apple begins at rest in your hand. You toss it upward. It leaves your hand, rises into the air, then falls back down to your friend. Your friend catches the apple, which ends at rest in their hand. Ignore air resistance. The work that you did on the apple throwing it upward was: a) Zero b) Negative c) Positive d) We can't tell without knowing the mass of the apple

Exam 2 FA19;7

The next three questions refer to the following situation. Suppose you are standing on a ledge above your friend. An apple begins at rest in your hand. You toss it upward. It leaves your hand, rises into the air, then falls back down to your friend. Your friend catches the apple, which ends at rest in their hand. Ignore air resistance. Which was larger? (Note that the magnitude of work done is same as the absolute value of the work done.) a) The magnitude of work you did. b) The magnitude of work your friend did. c) You and your friend did the same magnitude of work. d) We can't tell without knowing the maximum height of the apple's trajectory.

Exam 2 FA19;8

A projectile is launched upward into the air and follows the trajectory shown. What are the correct charts of the kinetic (K), potential (U), and total mechanical energy (Etot) of the earth-projectile system at each of the identified points? Ignore air resistance.

Exam 2 FA19;9

What is the sound intensity at a location 4.0 m from an 8.0 W loudspeaker that produces spherical wound waves uniformly in all directions.

Exam 3 FA19;10

In an outdoor concert, listener A sits at 10 yards from the loudspeaker and listener B sits at 100 yards from the loudspeaker. The average loudness A hears is about 100 db. What is the average loudness B hears? a) 10 db b) 20 db c) 90 db d) 80 db e) 110 db

Exam 3 FA19;11

A U-tube with both end opened to the air is filled will mercury (ρ= 13.6 x103 kg/m3 ) and water, as shown. (Note: in the figure, point D is at the boundary between water and mercury.) What is the relationship between the pressure at points A in mercury and B in water? a) PA > PB b) PA =PB c) PA < PB d) Not enough information to determine as the cross-section A1 and A2 are not given.

Exam 3 FA19;12

An ice block of 1.3 m3 is floating in water. (The density of ice is 0.9x103 kg/m3 .) What is the volume of the ice block that is above the water's surface?

Exam 3 FA19;13

The picture below shows a circular pipe of varying radius. A fluid is flowing through it from left to rights, filling the pipe completely. At which location will the pressure in the fluid be the least? Ignore viscosity. a) Point A b) Point B c) Point C d) Points B and C e) Points A and B

Exam 3 FA19;14

Water (density = 1000 Kg/m3 ) flows at 15 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.040 m. The pipe goes up to the second floor of the building, 3.0 m higher, and the pressure remains unchanged. What is the speed of the water flow in the pipe on the second floor?

Exam 3 FA19;15

The next two questions are about the following: A pressure cuff is used on a patient's arm to in order to test their blood pressure. When the pressure of the cuff is higher than the pressure in the patient's blood vessels, the vessels are constricted by 50%. You can assume that the total flow through the blood vessel remains the same throughout the process. How will the speed of the blood in the vessels change? a) It will decrease by a factor of 4. b) It will increase by a factor of 2. c) It will increase by a factor of 4. d) It will decrease by a factor of 2. e) It will remain the same.

Exam 3 FA19;16

The next two questions are about the following: A pressure cuff is used on a patient's arm to in order to test their blood pressure. When the pressure of the cuff is higher than the pressure in the patient's blood vessels, the vessels are constricted by 50%. You can assume that the total flow through the blood vessel remains the same throughout the process. What statement best describes the blood flow? a) The Reynolds number goes up by a net factor of 2, considering changes in velocity and diameter, and the flow becomes noisy and turbulent. b) The Reynolds number goes up by a factor of 10 because the velocity increases, which leads to noisy turbulent flow. c) The Reynolds number is unchanged and nothing happens. d) The Reynolds number goes down by a factor of 2 because the diameter decreases, which leads to quiet, laminar blood flow.

Exam 3 FA19;17

Two blocks (m1 and m2) are on an inclined plane as shown. Both masses are stationary. Which of the below is the best match for the free body diagram of m1? Do not ignore friction between m1 and the surface of the plane or friction between m1 and m2. The lengths of the force vectors do reflect their magnitudes

Exam 3 FA19;18

An object is traveling along the trajectory pictured here in a direction indicated from point 1 to point 2 to point 3 to point 4. At no point does the object reverse its direction of motion. The net force on the object at the four points is indicated. The dotted lines are perpendicular to the object's velocity at each point. Which statement about the motion of the object is FALSE? a) The object is slowing down at point 2. b) The object is moving at constant speed at point 4. c) The object is speeding up at point 1. d) The object is speeding up at point 3.

Exam 3 FA19;19

The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is about 1/6 of that on the Earth. Two timing devices, A and B, which are adjusted to have the same frequency on the Earth, are to be brought up to the Moon. Device A is simple pendulum based and device B is spring-mass oscillator based. Estimate their running pace in comparison when they are placed on the Moon? (Ignore temperature effects.) a) A will run about 6 times as fast as B. b) B will run about 2.4 times as fast as A. c) A will run about 2.4 times as fast as B. d) B will run about 6 times as fast as A. e) They will still be running at the same pace.

Exam 3 FA19;2

In the game of tetherball, a rope connects a ball to the top of a vertical pole and the ball moves in a circular path around the pole. Three different tetherballs are shown. The mass of each ball is identical, but the ropes make different angles with the vertical pole, such that θ3 > θ1 > θ2. Rate the tensions in the three ropes. Assume that the ball is moving in a circle around the pole (as shown) at constant speed at the instant pictured. a ) T1 = T2 = T3 b) T3 > T1 > T2 c) T1 > T2 > T3 d) T2 > T3 > T1 e) T3 > T2 > T1

Exam 3 FA19;20

) An object of mass m starts from the left at position 1 moving at some speed to the right, then continues to move to the right from positions 2 to 5 as shown. At position 6, the object encounters a spring and momentarily comes to a stop after the spring is compressed some distance Δx from its equilibrium position. The track is completely frictionless, except for one region of length Δxf, where the coefficient of kinetic friction between the track and the object is µk Which statement about the energy of the object-earth-spring system as the object moves from position 1 to position 6 is TRUE? Assume that the center of mass of the object is at the exact same vertical heights at positions 1 and 4. Note that while the object is moving at positions 1 through 5, the magnitudes of the velocity vectors shown may not be to scale. a) The total mechanical energy of the system is least at position 3. b) The kinetic energy of the object is equal at positions 4 and 5. c) The total mechanical energy of the system is equal at positions 1 and 6. d) The gravitational potential energy of the system is largest at position 6. e) The kinetic energy of the object is equal at positions 1 and 4.

Exam 3 FA19;21

The next two questions are about the following: A traveling wave is propagating in the x direction with wave speed of 2.0 m/s. The graph below shows the displacement (y) vs. x at t = 0 for this wave. What is the period of this wave?

Exam 3 FA19;3

Exam 3 FA19;4

The next two questions are about the following: Two loudspeakers placed 3 m apart are driven by the same oscillator of f = 227 Hz. The speed of sound is 340 m/s. A listener originally stands at point C, which is located at the midpoint between two speakers. At position C, will the listener hear loud or faint sound intensity? a) Faint b) Loud c) Not enough information is given

Exam 3 FA19;5

The next two questions are about the following: Two loudspeakers placed 3 m apart are driven by the same oscillator of f = 227 Hz. The speed of sound is 340 m/s. A listener originally stands at point C, which is located at the midpoint between two speakers. Now the listener starts to move to the right of center point C. At which distance will they hear the faintest sound? a) 19.7 cm b) 48.2 cm c) 37.5 cm d) 22.6 cm e) Zero (they already hear the faintest sound)

Exam 3 FA19;6

The next two questions are about the following: The figure below shows a standing wave mode in a pipe that has one end open and one end closed. The length of the air column in the pipe is 0.6 m. The speed of the sound in air is 340 m/s. What is the wavelength of the sound wave in the mode?

Exam 3 FA19;7

Exam 3 FA19;8

A chirping cricket flies away from you, turns and flies towards you, then lands on your shoulder. Which of the frequency vs. time graphs shown below best fits the sound you hear in the scenario?

Exam 3 FA19;9

Questions 9 and 10 are both about the two-speaker figure shown below. Each speaker plays exactly the same tone of wavelength � and frequency � as you move left to right along the horizontal line at the bottom At which of the listed frequencies will there be complete destructive interference when you are at point 2, directly below the left speaker? (Use 340 m/s as the speed of sound.) a. 120 Hz b. 170 Hz c. 240 Hz d. 320 Hz e. 470 Hz

Exam 3 SP 19; 10

) The intensity � of a 30 dB sound is how many times greater than the intensity of the threshold of hearing (�0 = 1034* W/m*)?

Exam 3 SP 19; 11

Questions 12 and 13 concern the following situation. You are standing still on a train platform as a train approaches at a constant speed, sounding its whistle at a constant frequency. The train passes by you without stopping or accelerating, and continues off into the distance. Which of the following graphs best represents the observed frequency versus time (i.e., the frequency that you hear) during this entire interval?

Exam 3 SP 19; 12

Questions 12 and 13 concern the following situation. You are standing still on a train platform as a train approaches at a constant speed, sounding its whistle at a constant frequency. The train passes by you without stopping or accelerating, and continues off into the distance. The train moves at a constant speed � = 17 m/s and the frequency of the whistle is 500 Hz. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, what will be the difference in frequency between the sound you hear as the train moves toward you and the sound you hear as it moves away from you?

Exam 3 SP 19; 13

A fluid is placed in a U-shaped tube as shown. Air is pumped out of the left-hand side of the tube and it is plugged with a stopper. The right-hand side is open to the atmosphere. Which of the following is a correct ranking of the pressure at points A, B, C, and D? a. A = B = C < D b. A < B < C = D c. D < A = B = C d. D < C < B < A e. A = B = C = D

Exam 3 SP 19; 14

Questions 15 and 16 concern the situation pictured below. A ball is completely submerged in a tank of water. The ball is attached to the bottom of the tank by a string. The string is then removed, and the ball shoots to the surface of the water, ending up floating. How does the buoyant force on the ball when it is fully submerged compare with the buoyant force on the ball when it floats at the surface? a. The buoyant force is greater when it is fully submerged b. The buoyant force is greater when it floats at the surface c. The buoyant force is equal in both cases d. It depends upon the volume of the ball e. It depends upon the mass of the ball

Exam 3 SP 19; 15

Questions 15 and 16 concern the situation pictured below. A ball is completely submerged in a tank of water. The ball is attached to the bottom of the tank by a string. The string is then removed, and the ball shoots to the surface of the water, ending up floating. The mass of the ball is 0.25 kg, and the tension in the string holding the ball underwater was 4.6 N. What percentage of the volume of the ball will be submerged after the string is removed and the ball floats at the surface? a. 15% b. 35% c. 52% d. 78% e. 95%

Exam 3 SP 19; 16

A syringe is being used to squirt water as shown in the figure below. The water leaves the nozzle of the syringe at 10 m/s. At what speed � is the plunger of the syringe moving? (You may neglect any viscosity of the water.) a. 0.01 m/s b. 0.1 m/s c. 1.0 m/s d. 10 m/s e. 100 m/s

Exam 3 SP 19; 17

Questions 18 and 19 concern the following situation. A non-viscous, incompressible fluid is flowing through and completely filling a pipe, as shown below. The diameter of the pipe is equal for points B and C, and smaller than at point A. The vertical height of points A and B are equal, and less than at point C. Which of the following is a correct ranking of the speed of the fluid � at each of the labeled points (A, B, and C)? a. A < C < B b. A = B = C c. B < C < A d. A < B = C e. B < A = C

Exam 3 SP 19; 18

Questions 18 and 19 concern the following situation. A non-viscous, incompressible fluid is flowing through and completely filling a pipe, as shown below. The diameter of the pipe is equal for points B and C, and smaller than at point A. The vertical height of points A and B are equal, and less than at point C. Which of the following is a correct ranking of the pressure at each of the labeled points (A, B, and C)? a. A < B < C b. A = B = C c. C < B < A d. A < B = C e. C < A = B

Exam 3 SP 19; 19

Questions 2 and 3 concern the situation shown below, in which block of mass m is attached to a spring with spring constant k. The spring's equilibrium position is indicated by a dashed line. The block is on a frictionless surface. 2. (4 pts) The spring is initially compressed from its equilibrium position as shown. After it is released, it oscillates back and forth. At which labeled position will the block's speed will be at its maximum value? The labeled position indicates the left side of the block, e.g. the figure below shows the block at position A) a. A b. B c. C d. D e. It's impossible to tell without knowing the values of m and k

Exam 3 SP 19; 2

A table of densities and viscosities is provided at right. If the fluid speed � is the same in each case, which of the following viscous flow situations has the greatest Reynolds number? a. Water flowing through a 1-cm diameter straw b. Honey flowing through a 1-cm diameter straw c. Water flowing through a 1-m diameter water main d. The Reynolds number is equal in each case e. We can't tell without knowing the fluid speed

Exam 3 SP 19; 20

A viscous fluid with viscosity � is flowing through a tube. By what factor will the volumetric flow rate � increase if the tube length � and pressure gradient ∆� are both doubled? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16 e. There is no change in �

Exam 3 SP 19; 21

An object experiencing constant acceleration has initial and final velocity vectors as shown at right. Which of the following vectors could represent the acceleration vector �⃗ of the object?

Exam 3 SP 19; 22

A Hot Wheels car is launched horizontally off the top of a table with an initial speed �YZY[Y\] that causes it follow the trajectory shown in the left figure. It lands a distance 0.9 m from the edge of the table. A platform is added to the top of the table that doubles the height of the car. The car is then launched horizontally from the edge with the same initial speed �YZY[Y\], as shown in the right figure. At what distance d from the edge of the table does the car now land?

Exam 3 SP 19; 23

Two balls collide as shown in the figure. (You may ignore any effects due to friction or rotation.) Which ball had the larger magnitude change in momentum as a result of the collision? a. Ball 1 b. Ball 2 c. Same for both d. It depends on the value of m

Exam 3 SP 19; 24

A uniform rod of length � and mass � is attached to a wall by a hinge and supported by a vertical string with tension �. The rod is stationary. Which of the following statements correctly describes the vertical component of the force by the hinge on the rod, �a? a. b�ab = 0 b. b�ab = �� c. b�ab > �� d. b�ab > |�| e. b�ab < |�|

Exam 3 SP 19; 25

Questions 2 and 3 concern the situation shown below, in which block of mass m is attached to a spring with spring constant k. The spring's equilibrium position is indicated by a dashed line. The block is on a frictionless surface. If � = 0.5 kg, � = 200 N/m, and the spring is initially compressed 10 cm, what will be the block's maximum speed?

Exam 3 SP 19; 3

A pendulum of length � has a period of 1 s. Changing only the length, what should the length be so that the pendulum has a period of 2 s? a. 2� b. 4� c. √2� d. �/2 e. �/√2

Exam 3 SP 19; 4

You are in a wave pool at Noah's Ark waterpark. A wave crest washes by you every 4.7 seconds, and you see that the crests are 17 ft apart. About how fast is the wave moving?

Exam 3 SP 19; 5Exam 3 SP 19; 5

A wave on a string is described by �(�,�) = (0.1 m) cos((1.3 m34)� − (5.2 s34)�). What is the wave's period?

Exam 3 SP 19; 6

Questions 7 and 8 concern the situation shown below, in which a weight of mass m is suspended from a string When you increase the mass of the suspended weight, which of the following describes how the following parameters change for the first harmonic (� = 1)? Tension (T) Mass/length (�) Wave speed (vs) First Harmonic Wavelength (�) a. increases same decreases decreases b. increases same increases same c. increases increases decreases increases d. decreases same increases decreases e. decreases increases same same

Exam 3 SP 19; 7

Questions 7 and 8 concern the situation shown below, in which a weight of mass m is suspended from a string Referring to the same situation as the previous question, you have suspended a 1.1 kg mass from the string to get a first harmonic (� = 1) vibration frequency of 247 Hz (an open B string on a guitar). In order to tune the first harmonic to an E (330 Hz), what total mass should you suspend from the string?

Exam 3 SP 19; 8

Questions 9 and 10 are both about the two-speaker figure shown below. Each speaker plays exactly the same tone of wavelength � and frequency � as you move left to right along the horizontal line at the bottom You are standing at point 1, which is 4.2 m from the left speaker and 4.8 m from the right speaker. Which relation below describes a condition that could result in complete destructive interference at point 1? a. �/2 = 4.2 m b. �/2 = 4.8 m c. �/2 = 0.6 m d. �/2 = 8.6 m e. Both (a) and (b)

Exam 3 SP 19; 9

Questions 9 and 10 concern the situation shown at right. An 80 kg astronaut's tether to her ship is severed, leaving her at rest. In desperation to return to her ship, she pushes a 12 kg air tank away from her, giving it a velocity ; = 5.0 m/s in the direction shown. For which of the following systems is the total linear momentum conserved?

Exam2 sp19; 10

Two balls collide in outer space. The second ball has twice the mass of the first. The figure indicates the balls and their velocities before and after the collision. You may ignore any frictional or rotational effects and treat the balls as point objects. What is the final velocity of the second ball?

Exam2 sp19; 11

Which of the following is a correct ranking of the magnitude of torque on each rod about its center? a. 1 = 2 = 3 b. 2 < 1 = 3 c. 1 = 2 < 3 d. 2 < 3 < 1 e. 1 < 2 < 3

Exam2 sp19; 12

Questions 13 and 14 concern the situation pictured below. A flat disk is rotating at a constant angular speed of � = 30.0 revolutions per minute (rpm). A beetle is positioned on the edge of the disk a distance of 15.0 cm from the rotational axis. The beetle moves with the disk and does not slip or move from its initial Which vector best represents the beetle's linear acceleration ?

Exam2 sp19; 13

Questions 13 and 14 concern the situation pictured below. A flat disk is rotating at a constant angular speed of � = 30.0 revolutions per minute (rpm). A beetle is positioned on the edge of the disk a distance of 15.0 cm from the rotational axis. The beetle moves with the disk and does not slip or move from its initial What is the magnitude of the beetle's linear acceleration?

Exam2 sp19; 14

An Olympic figure skater spins rapidly about a vertical axis. He stretches his arms straight outward while continuing to spin about the same axis. Which of the following statements is true about what happens after the skater extends his arms? a. The skater's angular velocity decreases b. The skater's moment of inertia decreases c. The skater's angular velocity remains constant d. The skater's angular momentum decreases e. None of the above are true

Exam2 sp19; 15

You are holding a snow shovel stationary as shown, with 5 kg of snow in the scoop. Your left hand is positioned near the end of the shovel, your right hand is positioned 0.7 m to the right, and the center of mass of the snow is 0.4 meters further to the right. The mass of the snow shovel is too small to matter - don't include it. What is magnitude of the y-component >�?> of the force that the left hand exerts on the shovel?

Exam2 sp19; 16

Questions 17 and 18 concern the following situation. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere are rolling along the floor without slipping. The spheres have the same mass and radius. The spheres also move with the same center of mass velocity �@A. Which sphere has more rotational kinetic energy? a. The solid sphere b. The hollow sphere c. Both same d. It depends upon the mass of the spheres e. It depends upon the velocity of the spheres

Exam2 sp19; 17

Questions 17 and 18 concern the following situation. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere are rolling along the floor without slipping. The spheres have the same mass and radius. The spheres also move with the same center of mass velocity �@A. The two spheres reach a ramp and begin to roll without slipping up the ramp. Which sphere rolls to a greater height before stopping? a. The solid sphere b. The hollow sphere c. Both same d. It depends upon the mass of the spheres e. It depends upon the velocity of the spheres

Exam2 sp19; 18

An object is moving in one dimension along the x-axis according to the velocity vs. time graph shown at right. What is the object's average acceleration over the entire time interval shown (� = 0 s to � = 5 s)?

Exam2 sp19; 19

Questions 2 and 3 concern the situation shown at right, in which a hand is pressing down on a book against a table. The book is at rest. Which of the following best represents the free-body diagram of the book?

Exam2 sp19; 2

An object experiencing constant acceleration has initial and final velocity vectors as shown at right. Which of the following vectors could represent the acceleration vector �⃗ of the object?

Exam2 sp19; 20

A Hot Wheels car is launched horizontally off a 1.2-meter high lab table with speed 4.0 m/s. What is the horizontal distance d at which the car first contacts the floor? Treat the car as a point object.

Exam2 sp19; 21

Questions 2 and 3 concern the situation shown at right, in which a hand is pressing down on a book against a table. The book is at rest. Which force forms a Newton's third law pair (or "action-reaction" pair) with the book's weight ? a. The normal force by the table on the book b. The force by the hand on the book c. The gravitational force by the book on the Earth d. The normal force by the book on the table e. The force by the book on the hand

Exam2 sp19; 3

A mass is connected by a massless string to a block of mass 4 on a frictionless table. The string is passed over a massless and frictionless pulley. What is the resulting acceleration of the mass ? a. g b. g/2 c. g/3 d. g/4 e. g/5

Exam2 sp19; 4

A force of magnitude � = 100 N is applied to a box on a carpeted platform in various directions as shown. The box always remains at rest. In all cases, the box and carpet are made of the same material. Which of the following is a correct ranking of the magnitude of the force of static friction acting on the block, from smallest to largest? a. A = B = C b. A < B = C c. B < A < C d. B = C < A e. C < A < B

Exam2 sp19; 5

A Hot Wheels car is launched from a spring and travels completely around a circular loop-the-loop track that is 0.25 m in diameter. The car has a mass of 0.2 kg, and leaves the spring with an energy of 1.2 J. Friction acts everywhere along the track. If the car's speed at the very top of the loop is 2.0 m/s, what is the magnitude of work done by friction between when the car was launched and when it reaches the top of the loop?

Exam2 sp19; 6

Questions 7 and 8 are both about the block moving on the track shown. A 2.5 kg block is launched from a compressed spring with 12 J of kinetic energy. The track is frictionless except for the rough section indicated by hash marks, where 8 = 0.3. In what direction is the frictional force on the block in the rough section of track? a. Up b. Down c. Left d. Right e. The frictional force is zero

Exam2 sp19; 7

Questions 7 and 8 are both about the block moving on the track shown. A 2.5 kg block is launched from a compressed spring with 12 J of kinetic energy. The track is frictionless except for the rough section indicated by hash marks, where 8 = 0.3. How much kinetic energy does the block have after passing the rough section?

Exam2 sp19; 8

Exam2 sp19; 9

Suppose you have some liquid water at a temperature of 10o C. Which of the following describes a process in which NO heat flows into the water, but the temperature of the water increases? a. You place some liquid iron into the water and remove it as soon as the iron has cooled enough to change into solid form. b. You drop a hot metal object into the water and allow the system to reach thermal equilibrium. c. You use a magnifying glass to focus sunlight onto the water to heat it up. d. You place the water in a conducting container and place the container in thermal contact with water at a higher temperature. e. You vigorously stir the water, increasing the average kinetic energy of its molecules.

Final Exam FA18;10

A thermal cycle performed on an ideal gas consists of an adiabatic process (Process 1), an isothermal process (Process 2), and an isochoric process (Process 3), all in the directions indicated. Which table of the signs of the change in internal energy of the gas, the heat added to the gas, and the work done BY the gas is correct?

Final Exam FA18;11

The Diesel Cycle shown in the diagram consists of an adiabatic process (Process 1), an isobaric process (Process 2), an adiabatic process (Process 3), and an isochoric process (Process 4), all in the directions indicated. If Wby,N is the work done BY the gas during Process N, Won,N is the work done ON the gas during Process N, and QN is the heat that flows INTO the gas during Process N, which expression correctly identifies the efficiency of this engine?

Final Exam FA18;12

. A heat engine has an efficiency of 0.6. Every cycle, it draws 1600 J of heat from a hot reservoir at a temperature of 800 K and dumps heat into a cold reservoir at a temperature of 256 K. What is the net change in entropy for the entire cycle of this heat engine?

Final Exam FA18;13

An object is traveling to the left and speeding up. It then continues to travel left but slows down. Which graph is the best match for the object's acceleration over time? Note that the rate of the object's slowing down and speeding up may not be constant. Also assume right is negative and left is positiv

Final Exam FA18;14

. Three objects move as shown in the three position-vs-time graphs below. Position D and time T is the same for all three graphs. Which statement about these three objects is TRUE over the time period between t = 0 and t = T? a. Object 1 travels the least distance. b. Object 3 travels a greater distance than object 2. c. Object 3 has the smallest speed. d. Object 1 travels at a larger speed than object 2. e. Object 2 has the largest speed.

Final Exam FA18;15

The following pictures show the motion of four different objects (1, 2, 3, and 4) at two different times. Each is experiencing a constant acceleration. (Note that the distance between the images of the object at the two times is not an indication of distance traveled.) Which object is experiencing an acceleration to the right? a. Object 3 b. Objects 2 and 3 c. Object 2 d. Objects 1 and 2 e. Object 1

Final Exam FA18;16

You kick two balls from the top of a cliff. In one case, you kick the ball with a velocity of magnitude v1 at an angle of θ1 from the horizontal, as shown. In the second case, you kick the ball with a velocity of magnitude v2 at an angle of θ2 from the horizontal, also as shown. Assume that θ1 > θ2. The lengths of the velocity vectors shown may not reflect their actual magnitudes. If the vertical component of the initial velocity of both balls is the same, which of the following statements about these two cases is TRUE? a. The ball in case 1 is in the air longer than the ball in case 2. b. The ball in case 1 lands a larger distance away from the base of the cliff than the ball in case 2. c. The ball in case 2 lands a larger distance away from the base of the cliff than the ball in case 1. d. The ball in case 2 reaches a greater maximum height than the ball in case 1. e. Both balls land the same distance away from the base of the cliff.

Final Exam FA18;17

You kick a soccer ball with an initial velocity of 19.6 m/s at an angle of 30° with respect to the ground. If the ball reached its maximum height off the ground (which you can assume is perfectly level) a horizontal distance of 17 m away from the spot where you kicked it, what was its maximum height?

Final Exam FA18;18

9. Three objects (m1, m2, and m3) are stacked on a table as shown. A force F is exerted on m3 causing all three objects to accelerate to the right. There is friction between m3 and the table and between each of the objects. The free body diagrams for all three objects are shown below. Which is NOT a Third Law action-reaction pair for this system of three objects?

Final Exam FA18;19

Three identical monatomic ideal gases are heated to three different temperatures in three different containers of different volumes, whereV1 < V3 < V2. The velocities of the molecules that make up the gas are depicted below. What is the correct ranking of the temperatures of the gas in each case?

Final Exam FA18;2

An object of mass m starts from the left at position 1 held at rest against a spring compressed by a distance Δx from its equilibrium position. The object is let go and travels along a track moving right from position 2 to position 5 as shown. The track is completely frictionless, except for two regions of length Δxf,1 and Δxf,2, where the coefficient of kinetic friction between the track and the object is µk. Page 10 of 15 Which statement about the mechanical energy of the object-earth-spring system as the object moves from position 1 to position 5 is TRUE? Assume that the center of mass of the block is at the exact same vertical heights at positions 1 and 3 and 5. Note that while the object is moving at positions 2 through 5, the magnitudes of the velocity vectors shown may not be to scale. (Note that total mechanical energy only includes kinetic and gravitational and spring potential energies, not thermal energy of any kind.) a. The total mechanical energy is the same at positions 2, 3, 4, and 5. b. The gravitational potential energy is the same at position 1 and position 3. c. The kinetic energy is the same at position 3 and position 5. d. The kinetic energy is the same at position 4 and position 3. e. The potential energy at position 5 is larger than at position 1.

Final Exam FA18;20

Three froghoppers of different masses jump up towards a leaf starting from different initial heights. Froghopper 1 has a mass of 4m and starts a distance 3Δh below the leaf. Froghopper 2 has a mass of 3m and starts a distance 4Δh below the leaf. Froghopper 3 has a mass of 6m and starts a distance 2Δh below the leaf. All three reach at least the height of the leaf, hleaf. Between the moment it leaps and the moment it reaches the leaf, which froghopper loses the LEAST amount of kinetic energy? a. Froghopper 1 b. Froghopper 2 c. Froghopper 3 d. All three froghoppers lose an equal amount of kinetic energy.

Final Exam FA18;21

A beam is supported from above by two ropes. A person is standing on the far right edge of the beam. If the tension in the left rope is 150 N and the tension in the right rope is 1300 N, what is the mass of the person?

Final Exam FA18;22

The following is an extended free body diagram of an object of length L. You can assume the object is purely horizontal and that all the forces acting on it are purely vertical. You can also assume that all the forces have the same magnitude. In this case, which of the following statements about this object are TRUE? a. The object is not in equilibrium because the sum of forces is not zero. b. The object is in equilibrium because the sum of forces is zero. c. The object is not in equilibrium because the sum of torques is not zero. d. The object is in equilibrium because the sum of torques is zero. e. The object is in equilibrium because the sum of forces is zero and the sum of torques is zero.

Final Exam FA18;23

The following graphs show y-vs-x for t = 0 and y-vs-t for x = 0 for a wave traveling through a medium. The wave is moving in the positive-x direction and continues indefinitely in the positive and negative x directions. What does the y-vs-x graph of the wave for t = 2 ms look like?

Final Exam FA18;24

A wave travels through three different media. The following images show the spatial distribution of the wave (y-vs-x) for the wave in the three different media. In which medium is the propagation speed of the wave smallest? You can assume that the x axes have the same scale in the three pictures. a. Medium 1 b. Medium 2 c. Medium 3 d. The propagation speed of the wave is the same in all three media

Final Exam FA18;25

Three objects with equal masses but three different volumes, V3 < V2 < V1, are submerged completely in the same fluid. Each object is attached to a scale with a string. All the objects are stationary. What is the relationship between the tensions in the three strings? T1 is the tension in the string connected to the object with V1. T2 is the tension in the string connected to the object with V2. T3 is the tension in the string connected to the object with V3. a. T2 < T3 < T1 b. T3 < T2 < T1 c. T1 = T2 = T3 d. T1 < T3 < T2 e. T1 < T2 < T3

Final Exam FA18;26

Water is flowing through the pipe shown. The area of the pipe at point 1 is A1. The area of the pipe at point 2 is A2. The area of the pipe at point 3 is A3. And the area of the pipe at point 4 is A4. While evaluating the statements below, take A1 < A2 = A4 < A3. Ignore viscosity and assume that the water fills the pipe completely at all locations. Which statement about the fluid flowing through this pipe is TRUE? a. The potential energy density of the water at 1 is smaller than at 3. b. The velocity of the water at 2 is larger than at 4. c. The water pressure at 1 is smaller than at 2. d. The water pressure at 4 is less than at 1. e. The water pressure at 2 is larger than at 3.

Final Exam FA18;27

A fluid is flowing through two segments of pipe, A and B, of equal radius and length. The flow rate, Q, is also the same in both cases. However, in case A, we ignore viscosity. In case B, we DO NOT ignore viscosity. How will the pressure drops we calculate across the two segments of pipe compare? a. ΔpA = ΔpB b. ΔpA < ΔpB c. ΔpB < ΔpA d. We cannot say without knowing the length and radius of the pipes. e. We cannot say without knowing η for case B.

Final Exam FA18;28

A metal plate has a circular hole with a diameter of 4.90 cm. By how much should the plate's temperature increase to allow a sphere with a diameter of 4.91 cm to pass through the hole? The coefficient of linear expansion for the metal plate is 170 x 10-6 / K.

Final Exam FA18;3

. Two segments of a thin-walled container are each filled with 1 mole of an ideal gas at a temperature T0. The segments are separated by a thick insulated partition that is free to move back and forth, as shown. Gas A is then placed in contact with a thermal reservoir at a temperature of TA, while Gas B is placed in contact with a thermal reservoir at a temperature of TB. If TA > T0 > TB, which of the following statements accurately describes what happens as the system comes to thermal equilibrium? Page 3 of 15 a. The partition will move to the left. b. The partition will move to the right. c. The partition will not move. d. The partition will move first right then left. e. Not enough information is given.

Final Exam FA18;4

A glass window has an area of 2 m2 , a thickness of 3 mm, and a thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/mK. The window separates the interior of a house, where the air temperature is 20o C, from the exterior, where the air temperature is -10o C. Which of the following changes would result in the SMALLEST heat flow through the window due to conduction? In each case, assume that none of the other parameters change. a. Reducing the interior air temperature to 15o C b. Increasing the thickness of the window to 12 mm c. Changing the thermal conductivity of the window to 0.1 W/m K d. Replacing the window with a smaller window with area 1 m2 e. Increasing the outside air temperature to 10o C

Final Exam FA18;5

An object of mass 50 g, specific heat 0.5 J/g K and temperature 80o C is placed in thermal contact with a second object that is at a temperature of 30o C. The system is then allowed to come to thermal equilibrium. If the equilibrium temperature is 40o C, how much heat flowed into the second object during the procedure?

Final Exam FA18;6

. A monatomic ideal gas is taken from state A to state B in three different ways, as shown. In which case did the temperature of the gas increase the most? a. The temperature did not increase, it decreased. b. Process 2 c. Process 1 d. Process 3 e. The temperature increased the same amount in all three cases.

Final Exam FA18;7

. A monatomic ideal gas is taken from state 1 to state 2 as shown. Which of the following is true of the total work done BY the gas from state 1 to state 2? a. The total work done by the gas is zero. b. The total work done by the gas is negative. c. The total work done by the gas is positive. d. There is not enough information given to say

Final Exam FA18;8

Three different experiments are conducted with one mole of an ideal gas. In all the experiments, the gas contracts slowly from the same initial state characterized by pressure p0 and volume V0 to the same final volume Vf, where Vf < V0. In the first experiment, the contraction is isobaric, in the second experiment it is isothermal, and in the third experiment it is adiabatic. How do the final pressures relate to each other? a. pf,ISOBARIC < pf,ISOTHERMAL < pf,ADIABATIC b. pf,ISOBARIC = pf,ISOTHERMAL = pf,ADIABATIC c. pf,ISOTHERMAL < pf,ISOBARIC < pf,ADIABATIC d. pf,ISOBARIC < pf,ADIABATIC < pf,ISOTHERMAL e. pf,ADIABATIC < pf,ISOTHERMAL < pf,ISOBARIC

Final Exam FA18;9

How long is the pendulum on the clock?

Final Exam FA19; 2

Which one of these processes will increase the temperature a nail without adding heat?

Final Exam FA19;10

Questions 11-13 refer to the cyclical path on the P-V diagram to the right. The paths on this diagram are represent the following processes: 1->2 Isothermal; 2->3 Isochoric; 3->1 Adiabatic. You can assume these processes are acting on a monotonic ideal gas. Which of the following correctly ranks the heat absorbed by the gas during each process? Note that the heat absorbed can be negative and less than zero

Final Exam FA19;11

Final Exam FA19;12

Questions 11-13 refer to the cyclical path on the P-V diagram to the right. The paths on this diagram are represent the following processes: 1->2 Isothermal; 2->3 Isochoric; 3->1 Adiabatic. You can assume these processes are acting on a monotonic ideal gas. What is the efficiency of this engine? Note that the work done by the gas between points 1 and 2 is given by Wby = 1.4 x 105 J.

Final Exam FA19;13

A hot iron rod that weighs 8.0 kg, is initially 1 m long and at 1500 K is welded against an aluminum rod that weighs 5.5 kg, is initially 2 m long and at 293 K. The specific heat of iron = 460 J/(kg*K), the specific heat of aluminum = 921 J/(kg*K), α for iron = 11.3 x 10-6 /K, and α for aluminum = 23.1 x 10-6 /K. ____14. (4 pts) After the two masses come to thermal equilibrium, what is their final temperature?

Final Exam FA19;14

Final Exam FA19;15

For the four systems below, which one has the largest entropy? picture question

Final Exam FA19;16

This figure shows three different thermodynamic paths to take a monotonic ideal gas from point 1 to point 2. Which increases the energy of the gas the most?

Final Exam FA19;17

An object is traveling along the trajectory pictured here in a direction indicated from point 1 to point 2 to point 3 to point 4 to point 5. As it travels, the object is slowing down at every point. At no point does the object reverse its direction of motion. The dotted lines are along the x and y axes at every point. At which point could the object have the following acceleration?

Final Exam FA19;18

An object is experiencing a constant acceleration. Which statement about the object must be TRUE?

Final Exam FA19;19

) At t = 0, an object is moving with a velocity of 5 m/s to the right. At t = 8 s, the object is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s to the left. Assuming the object experienced a constant acceleration during its entire motion, what is the magnitude and direction of its acceleration?

Final Exam FA19;20

Final Exam FA19;21

The image shown is the free body diagram of an object. Forces labeled with an fX are fictional forces. Forces labeled with a NX are normal forces. Forces labeled with a WX are weight forces. Which of the following objects (the one shaded in each picture) could have the free body diagram shown? Do not ignore friction between the floor and any object or friction between objects.

Final Exam FA19;22

A car is coasting around an inclined circular track at constant speed. There is no frictional force between the tires and the surface of the track. If the mass of the car is M = 2000 kg, the radius of the track is r = 100 m, and the car is moving at a speed of v = 20 m/s, what is the magnitude of the normal force that the surface of the track exerts on the car?

Final Exam FA19;23

An object of mass m starts from the left at position 1 moving at some speed to the right, then continues to move to the right from positions 2 to 5 as shown. At position 6, the object encounters a spring and momentarily comes to a stop after the spring is compressed some distance Δx from its equilibrium position. The track is completely frictionless, except for one region of length Δxf, where the coefficient of kinetic friction between the track and the object is µk. Which statement about the energy of the object-earth-spring system as the object moves from position 1 to position 6 is FALSE? Assume that the center of mass of the object is at the exact same vertical heights at positions 1, 4,and 6. Note that while the object is moving at positions 1 through 5, the magnitudes of the velocity vectors shown may not be to scale. Ignore thermal energy.

Final Exam FA19;24

An apple begins at rest in person 1's hand. They toss it upward. It leaves their hand, rises into the air, then falls back down to a second person, who catches the apple, which ends at rest in their hand. In which case is the magnitude of the work person 1 does throwing the apple larger than person 2 does catching it?

Final Exam FA19;25

A person is standing on the left edge of a beam. The beam is meanwhile supported by two ropes, one (right rope) at the midpoint of the beam and one (left rope) one-quarter of the beam's length to the left of the beam's midpoint. If the person's mass is m and the beam's mass is M, what is the tension in the left rope?

Final Exam FA19;26

Which of the objects pictured below is in equilibrium? Assume all the forces on the object are of equal magnitude and are either exerted at each end, in the precise middle of the object, or one-third or three-thirds along its length.

Final Exam FA19;27

The picture below shows the spatial distribution (y-vs-x) of a wave traveling through a medium with velocity of propagation v0. The wave enters a new medium. Which picture below will show the spatial distribution (y-vs-x) of the wave if the new medium has a larger velocity of propagation? The distance between the two dotted lines, L, is the same in all pictures.

Final Exam FA19;28

Final Exam FA19;29

If the temperature changes from 20 deg. C to -40 deg. C, what will be the new period of the clock?

Final Exam FA19;3

A fluid of density ρ and viscosity η is flowing through a pipe of radius r at speed v. What change could you make to this situation n to reduce the chances of turbulent flow? Assume you can change any of the things listed below and that you change only one at a time.

Final Exam FA19;30

Two different fluids of different densities are placed into two different U-tubes (1 and 2) shown below. The left branch of each U-tube is sealed and a pump is used to increase the pressure in it. If the pressure in the left branch is raised to the same value in both cases, how do the densities of the two fluids compare?

Final Exam FA19;31

The area of the pipe at point 1 is A1. The area of the pipe at point 2 is A2. The area of the pipe at point 3 is A3. And the area of the pipe at point 4 is A4. While evaluating the statements below, take A4 < A1 = A2 < A3. Ignore viscosity and assume that the water fills the pipe completely at all locations. How would you rate the pressure in the pipe at the 4 points?

Final Exam FA19;32

Which chart represents heating an ice cube that starts out as ice at -50 deg. C and ends as steam at 200 deg. C?

Final Exam FA19;4

Which leads to a larger entropy change, melting the ice into water, or evaporating the water into steam?

Final Exam FA19;5

A submarine is 30 deg. C inside, and it is exploring in Antarctic waters, which are 0 deg. C. The submarine has a double wall, and all the heat that transfers from the inside to the outside of the sub passes through a steel (k = 50 W/m*K) support beam in the double wall. The distance between the two walls is d. Which one of the following adjustments will decrease the heat flow rate the most?

Final Exam FA19;6

A spaceship is attacking earth. It has a surface area of 90 m 2 , and an emissivity of 1. In order to defend themselves, the earthlings shine a 1 GW laser on the spaceship, which absorbs all of the laser's power. If the laser shines on the spaceship for a long time and if the heat distributes evenly across the spaceship, what will the final temperature of the spaceship be? (You can assume that Tspace = 0 K.)

Final Exam FA19;7

Questions 8 and 9 refer to the following situation: You have 1 m3 of He gas in a thermally isolated container at 100 kPa and 300 K. You compress the gas quickly so that no heat energy can flow into or out of the gas, doing 1x105 J of work on the gas in the process. (The mass of a He atom is 6.65 x 10-27 kg.) What is the average velocity of the He atoms before compression?

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