BAH - CH 13 Fluid & Electrolytes

Sodium establishes the electrochemical state necessary for ______________ and the ____________________

- muscle contraction - transmission of nerve impulses

The physician has prescribed a hypotonic IV solution for a patient. Which IV solution should the nurse administer?

0.45% sodium chloride

The nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of hyponatremia. What nursing intervention is appropriate to include in the plan of care for this patient?

1. Assess for symptoms of nausea and malaise 2. Monitoring neurologic status 3. Restricting tap water intake

A patient has been involved in a traumatic accident and is hemorrhaging from multiple sites. The nurse expects that the compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause what clinical manifestations?

1. Oliuria 2. Tachycardia 3. Tachypnea

What laboratory findings does the nurse determine are consistent with hypovolemia in a female patient?

1. hct level of > 47% 2. Urine specific gravity of 1.027 3. Urine osmolality of > 450 mOsm/kg

The nurse should assess the patient for signs of lethargy, increasing intracranial pressure, and seizures when the serum sodium reaches what level?

115 mEq/L

A patient who is semiconscious presents with restlessness and weakness. The nurse assesses a dry, swollen tongue and a body temperature of 99.3 F. The urine specific gravity 1.020. What is the most likely serum sodium value for this patient?

155 mEq/L

A patient is admitted with severe vomiting for 24 hours as well as weakness and "feeling exhausted". The nurse observes flat T waves and ST-segment depression on the electrocardiogram. Which potassium level does the nurse observe when the laboratory studies complete?

2.0 mEq/L

A patient's serum sodium concentration is within the normal range. What should the nurse estimate the serum osmolality to be?

275 - 300 mOsm/kg

A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of renal failure. The patient complains of "stomach distress" and describes ingesting several antacid tablets over the ast 2 days. Blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, face is flushed, and the patient is experiencing generalized weakness. Which is most likely magnesium level associated with the symptoms the patient is having?

5 mEq/L

The normal blood pH is ______

7.35 - 7.45

Cardiac effects of hyperkalemia are usually present when the serum potassium level reaches ____ mEq/L

8

In a patient with excess fluid volume, hyponatremia is treated by restricting fluids to how many mL in 24 hours?

800 mL

A normal oxygen saturation value for arterial blood is ___%

95%

The nurse notes that a patient's urine osmolality is 980 mOsm/kg. What should the nurse asssess as a possible cause of this finding?

Acidosis

A patient complains of tingling in the fingers as well as feeling depressed. The nurse assesses positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. Which decreased laboratory results does the nurse observe when the patient;s laboratory work has returned?

Calcium

The nurse is caring for a patient with hypernatremia. What complication of hypenatremia should he nurse continuously monitor for?

Cerebral edema

A patient with mild fluid volume excess is prescribed a diuretic that blocks sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule. Which diuretic does the nurse anticipate administering to this patient?

HydroDiuril

What foods can the nurse recommend for the patient with hypokalemia?

Fruits such as bananas and apricots

With which condition should the nurse expect that a decrease in serum osmolality will occur?

Kidney failure

Which medication does the nurse anticipate administering to antagonize the effects of potassium on the heart for a patient in severe metabolic acidiosis?

Magnesium sulfate

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea. What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration should the nurse assess for?

Metabolic Acidosis

A patient with abnormal sodium losses is reeiving a regular diet. How can the nurse supplement the patient's diet to provide 1,600 mg of sodium daily?

One beef cube and 8 oz of tomato juice

What does the nurse recognize as one of the indicators of the patient's renal function?

Serum creatinine

The most common characteristic manifestations of hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia is ___________

Tetany

Which clinical indication of hypophosphatemia does the nurse asses in a patient?

Tetany

The most common buffer system in the body is the __________

bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

Sodium is regulated by ____________, ____________, and the _________________

thirst, antidiuretic hormone, renin-angiotensin aldosteronism system

The average daily urinary output in an adult is _____ L

1.5