Barlow Ch. 8 and 9

Which of the following is an incorrect match of medical condition and its definition? a. Ischemia: deficiency of blood to a body part caused by narrowing of the arteries b. Myocardial infarction: death of heart tissue due to a completely clogged artery c. Arteriosclerosis: obstruction caused by buildup of plaque in the arteries d. Angina: chest pain caused by partial obstruction of the arteries

c. Arteriosclerosis: obstruction caused by buildup of plaque in the arteries

Errol suffers from bulimia nervosa and is currently receiving treatment for it. His clinician has read the existing research on the use of medications, and has found that a particular type of drug is of use during the bingeing and purging cycle of this disorder. Which of the following types of medication will Errol be asked to take? a. An antidepressant b. An antipsychotic c. An antimanic (mood stabilizer) d. An appetite stimulant

a. An antidepressant

Eden suffers from morbid obesity. Her body mass index is well over 40, and she is suffering from a variety of physical symptoms related to her body size. Her physician has been gently encouraging her to lose weight for years ,but Eden has ignored this advice. Now that her weight is causing extreme pain in her hips, knees, and ankles and is interfering with her life, Eden has decided to do something about the problem. Which of the following interventions will be the most effective at helping her lose weight and keep it off? a. bariatric surgery b. Taking the drug Meridia to reduce internal hunger signals c. Controlled calorie reduction therapy (CCRT) d. Going on a simple diet

a. Bariatric surgery

Jody regularly engages in binge-eating episodes, and clearly suffers from an eating disorder. How would you determine if her diagnosis should be bulima nervosa or binge-eating disorder? a. If it is bulimia nervosa, Jody's binge-eating episodes will be followed by some sort of compensatory behaviors to get rid of the calories she consumed. If it is binge-eating disorder, she will not. b. If it is bulimia nervosa, Jody will have a very thin and emaciated body. If it is binge-eating disorder, Jody will have a normal or slightly overweight frame. c. If it is bulimia nervosa, Jody will have a normal or slightly overweight frame. If it is binge-eating disorder, Jody will have a very thin and emaciated body. d. If it is binge-eating disorder, Jody's binge-eating episodes will be followed by some sort of compensatory behaviors to get rid of the calories she consumed. If it is bulimia nervosa, she will not.

a. If it is bulimia nervosa, Jody's binge-eating episodes will be followed by some sort of compensatory behaviors to get rid of the calories she consumed. If it is binge-eating disorder, she will not.

Rudy has a problem getting to his morning classes in college and it has been going on for more than half of the semester. Although he goes to bed by 11 pm every night, he often does not wake up until at least 9 am, and on these days he misses his 8 am course. His roommate has suggested just dropping the course and signing up for later classes, but Rudy is bothered because he usually does not feel well-rested even after a night of so much sleep. Which of the following is accurate for Rudy's case? a. Rudy should be diagnosed with hypersomnolence disorder. b. A medical condition is a more appropriate diagnosis than a sleep disorder. c. Rudy should be diagnosed with narcolepsy. d. No disorder exists if this behavior does not bother Rudy or interfere in his life.

a. Rudy should be diagnosed with hypersomnolence disorder.

Which of the following is an example of a person demonstrating a "pain behavior"? a. Stanley does not go skiing with his son anymore because it is too painful for his knees. b. Marcus regularly takes the medication his physician prescribed to deal with the pain caused by chronic kidney stones. c. Barbara is engaging in physical therapy to regain strength in her arm after surgery despite the fact that the daily exercises are quite painful. d. After developing a case of shingles, Marcia is suffering with very intense levels of pain.

a. Stanley does not go skiing with his son anymore because it is too painful for his knees.

The effects of stress on susceptibility to infections in the human body is mediated through the ________ system. a. immune b. circulatory c. endocrine d. skeletal

a. immune

In the 1970s, Herbert Benson developed a brief relaxation procedure that involved focusing on a specific mantra. His work was a stripped down version of ________. a. transcendental meditation b. biofeedback c. mindfulness meditation d. hypnosis

a. transcendental meditation

In a study comparing the genetic contribution to eating disorders, researchers found that in ___% of identical twin pairs both twins had bulimia nervosa, while that number was ___% of fraternal twin pairs. Although this does not rule out the influence of environmental and sociocultural factors, it does present compelling evidence for a genetic contribution to these conditions. a. 9; 2 b. 23; 9 c. 68; 22 d. 47; 31

b. 23; 9

Why is it necessary for people who have received certain types of organ transplants to take medications to suppress their own immune system response? a. Because the immune system will go into overdrive and will cause the various glands of the body to start overproducing their associated hormones. b. Because the immune system would regard the transplanted organ as a foreign invader and would attack it as it would a virus or a bacterium. c. Because the immune system will begin targeting not only the transplanted organ but also other organs in the same vicinity, and this can lead to fatal outcomes. d. Because the immune system will be irreparably damaged by the transplanted organ within the first several months of transplant, so it has to be artificially shut down to prevent long term problems.

b. Because the immune system would regard the transplanted organ as a foreign invader and would attack it as it would a virus or a bacterium.

Why is it that people who work overnight shifts on a regular basis may have a higher risk of developing circadian rhythm sleep disorder? a. Because the hormones that are secreted by the adrenal glands - those that control sleep cycles - cannot be produced during nighttime hours. b. Because the part of the brain that controls our sleep cycles is directly connect to our eyes and is affected by the light in our surroundings. c. Because people who work such shifts tend to overuse caffeine, which throws off their sleep schedules. d. Because people who work such shifts do not adjust their sleep schedules to get their adequate 8 hours of sleep per day.

b. Because the part of the brain that controls our sleep cycles is directly connect to our eyes and is affected by the light in our surroundings.

Millicent sits up in bed several times a week, shouting and crying as if she is terrified. Her mother takes her to the pediatrician who suggests that she is suffering from night terrors. Upon hearing this, Millicent's father says, "this is probably just caused by nightmares. She'll grow out of it!" Is Millicent's father correct? a. He is entirely correct - Sleep terrors are caused by frightening dreams, and they usually go away on their own over time. b. He is half right - Millicent is not having nightmares because sleep terrors occur during NREM sleep, but the typical treatment is to wait and see if the terrors go away on their own. Only if they do not will additional treatment be needed. c. He is half right - Millicent's sleep terrors are, in fact caused by nightmares, but this problem does not go away on its own. Treatment is going to be necessary. d. He is completely incorrect - Sleep terrors are not caused by bad dreams, and they always require treatment in order to go away.

b. He is half right - Millicent is not having nightmares because sleep terrors occur during NREM sleep, but the typical treatment is to wait and see if the terrors go away on their own. Only if they do not will additional treatment be needed.

Which of the following individuals is experiencing vascular pain? a. Justin, who overdid his workout at the gym yesterday and now has terribly sore muscles. b. Lori, who experiences regular headaches because of enlarged blood vessels. c. Louis, who suffers from ongoing pain in his ankle ever since breaking it several years ago. d. Mallary, who has suffered from ongoing back pain for years and who regularly visits a chiropractor for treatments.

b. Lori, who experiences regular headaches because of enlarged blood vessels.

Sally has suffered from anorexia nervosa since she was a teenager. Now in her mid-twenties, which of the following behaviors might she demonstrate that is frequently associated with this eating disorder? a. She will actively seek out treatment for her disorder for as long as it takes to get better. b. Sally hoards food in her room and although she doesn't eat it she looks at it from time to time. c. She stays as far away from food as possible, refusing to cook it or have people over to her home for meals. d. Although she will not want help for her problem, she will recognize that she is extremely thin and has an unhealthy body frame.

b. Sally hoards food in her room and although she doesn't eat it she looks at it from time to time.

Drew is voluntarily taking part in a study where experimenters cause him pain by injecting saltwater into is jaw. After the pain is established he is then given a pill to help reduce the pain. Little does he know, however, that the pill is a placebo. Which of the following outcomes would be consistent with the findings described in your chapter? a. Drew will only experience a reduction in pain if he is told that it is a placebo. b. The endogenous opioid system in Drew's brain will be activated and he will experience a reduction in pain. c. Drew will actually experience more pain, because the introduction of a "treatment" will cause him to think that the pain is more severe than it is. d. Drew will not experience any pain reduction because placebos have been found to be relatively ineffective treatments.

b. The endogenous opioid system in Drew's brain will be activated and he will experience a reduction in pain.

In the mid-19th century, symptoms of fatigue, vague aches and pains, low-grade fever, and lack of energy were attributed to a disorder called neurasthenia, which literally translated to "________." a. inadequate constitution b. lack of nerve strength c. enlargement of neurons d. poor immune strength

b. lack of nerve strength

In response to sustained stress, the body goes through several stages that together constitute the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), a concept proposed by researcher Hans Selye. The second stage of the GAS is a. resilience b. resistance c. exhaustion d. alarm

b. resistance

An analysis of which type of television show that runs during prime-time hours found that 12% of the female characters were depicted as dieting and making disparaging remarks about their body image? a. mystery shows b. situation comedies c. reality shows d. dramas

b. situation comedies

Because societal messages promoting thinness as ideal for girls are received even in early childhood, your authors note that by the age of ________ years as many as 20% of girls report that they are trying to lose weight. a. 14 b. 3 c. 9 d. 6

c. 9

Research has shown that excessive secretion of the stress hormone ________ can result in cell death in the hippocampal region of the brain in response to chronic stress. a. adrenaline b. endorphin c. cortisol d. androgen

c. cortisol

Julia has been in treatment for anorexia nervosa for the past two months. Her treatment has consisted of many different features, including helping her to gain weight to get back into a health range, family therapy, and individual psychotherapy. Julia has participated willingly in all of these aspects of her treatment. Which of them will be the best predictor of long-term recovery from anorexia nervosa? a. No one treatment strategy is any more predictive of long-term recovery than the others. b. Individual psychotherapy c. Weight-gain strategies d. Family psychotherapy

d. Family psychotherapy

As your textbook states, the single most effective prevention strategy when it comes to dealing with HIV and AIDS is a. getting people to take the newly developed HIV vaccine that protects against the virus. b. encouraging adolescents to be sexually abstinent. c. focusing on getting those who use drugs to avoid activities that involve needles. d. changing high-risk behaviors.

d. changing high-risk behaviors.

In comparing the effectiveness of interpersonal therapy (IPT) with enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-E) for patients with bulimia nervosa, which of the following statements is the most accurate? a. Both forms of treatment were effective and patients were comfortable with their treatment, but the IPT patients showed greater amounts of recovery 5 months after treatment than did the CBT-E patients. b. Both forms of treatment were effective both immediately after treatment and 5 months after treatment, but IPT patients reported being significantly more comfortable and more satisfied with their treatment than the CBT-E patients. c. Both forms of treatment were effective and patients were comfortable with their treatment, but the CBT-E patients showed greater amounts of recovery 5 months after treatment than did the IPT patients. d. Both forms of treatment were effective both immediately after treatment and 5 months after treatment, but CBT-E patients reported being significantly more comfortable and more satisfied with their treatment than the IPT patients.

c. Both forms of treatment were effective and patients were comfortable with their treatment, but the CBT-E patients showed greater amounts of recovery 5 months after treatment than did the IPT patients.

College men and women were asked to rate their assessment of what is an attractive body size and what is an ideal body size in both men and women. Read the following statements and select which best reflects the findings of this very important study. a. Females rated an attractive female body size as being slightly larger than a male assessment of an attractive female body size. b. Females felt that a smaller, more slender male body size was very unattractive, while males felt the same way about females' body size. c. Females rated the smallest female body size as idea, while males' assessment of an attractive female size was larger a larger estimate. d. Females rated the largest male body size as attractive, while males' assessment of an attractive male size was the smallest.

c. Females rated the smallest female body size as idea, while males' assessment of an attractive female size was larger a larger estimate.

Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate? a. For women, the highest risk is between 22 and 26. b. The age ranges for risk are the same for both males and females. c. For men, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s. d. The age range for risk is younger for men than for women.

c. For men, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s.

According to the principles of health psychology, which of the following would be the most appropriate goal regarding lung cancer? a. Making sure to smoke "light" or "ultra-light" cigarettes to reduce the risk of lung cancer. b. Learning about the proper uses of supplemental oxygen after lung cancer has been diagnosed to prevent it from growing. c. Learning about and avoiding high-risk behaviors that can lead to cancer in the first place. d. Educating a cancer-sufferer about their illness and the various treatment options for their disease.

c. Learning about and avoiding high-risk behaviors that can lead to cancer in the first place.

Martin has been informed that he is HIV positive, although he has not yet developed AIDS. He lives in the part of the world where between 15% and 28% of the adult population is HIV positive, accounting for two-thirds of such cases worldwide. Where does Martin live? a. The outback of Australia b. Indonesia c. Southern Africa d. Mexico

c. Southern Africa

In an important study of cancer sufferers conducted by David Spiegel at Stanford University, which of the following outcomes was observed? a. Group psychotherapy seems to increase depression in cancer patients, as they become more aware of the severity of their own situation. b. Two-thirds of the group therapy patients were still alive four years after the study began, despite having an initial prognosis of less than two years. c. The group receiving therapy lived, on average, twice as long as the control group. d. Despite the predictions of the study, group psychotherapy did not provide any appreciable benefits to the recipients.

c. The group receiving therapy lived, on average, twice as long as the control group.

Which of the following is the best argument for increasing taxes on unhealthy food products, such as sweetened soft drinks and fatty snack foods? a. The government could raise an enormous amount of money to fight obesity by levying such taxes. b. The government has an obligation to restrict people's access to unhealthy food products. c. The obesity epidemic is one of the greatest threats to health in recent history, and steps must be taken to address this problem. d. Research finds that even a small increase in cost will act as a strong "disincentive" to buying unhealthy food products.

c. The obesity epidemic is one of the greatest threats to health in recent history, and steps must be taken to address this problem.

Some people who suffer from narcolepsy experience a sudden loss of muscle tone, a condition called ________. This can be very dangerous, as a person can hurt themselves during such episodes. a. anoxia b. ischemia c. cataplexy d. catalepsy

c. cataplexy

Which of the following potentially fatal medical conditions is not a known consequence of the electrolyte imbalances that can occur as a result of repeated vomiting that is often associated with bulimia nervosa? a. seizures b. renal failure c. development of lanugo d. cardiac arrhythmia

c. development of lanugo

The study of psychological influences on the neurological responding of the human immune response is called a. psychotraumatology b. behavioral medicine c. psychoneuroimmunology d. health psychology

c. psychoneuroimmunology

A later stage of Alice's enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT-E) for bulimia will likely involve a. intensive psychoanalysis designed to uncover unconscious conflicts contributing to the illness. b. several small meals that are spaced no longer than 3 hours apart. c. antidepressant medication at higher clinical doses to prevent depressive symptoms from emerging. d. altering dysfunctional thoughts about body shape, weight, and eating.

d. altering dysfunctional thoughts about body shape, weight, and eating.

Damon has been suffering from ________ for some time. His physician recommends a program of treatment developed by Michael Sharpe that includes increasing activity, regulating periods of rest, and breathing exercises, along with other interventions. a. post-traumatic stress disorder b. neurasthenia c. generalized anxiety disorder d. chronic fatigue syndrome

d. chronic fatigue syndrome

Donte has been having difficulty with sleeping and feeling rested lately. His doctor decides to send him for a polysomnographic evaluation to assess different physical functions that are occurring during his sleep time. One of them, called an ________, will measure the eye movements that take place during his sleep and this will help determine whether or not he is entering a REM stage while he sleeps and, if so, for how long. a. electrocardiogram b. electroencephalogram c. electromyogram d. electrooculogram

d. electrooculogram

The field of _______ is considered a subfield of behavioral medicine and focuses on the various mental factors that are important for the establishment and maintenance of physical and psychological health. a. psychosomatic medicine b. biopsychosocial medicine c. psychophysiological disorders d. health psychology

d. health psychology

Sue has been dealing with chronic pain ever since she was involved in a car accident several months ago. According to research presented in your textbook by Compas and colleagues (2006), all but which of the following are likely to contribute to Sue experiencing higher levels of both anxiety and somatic complaints? a. using denial to cope. b. avoiding treatment. c. using wishful thinking to manage. d. maintaining an optimistic attitude.

d. maintaining an optimistic attitude.

Individuals with night eating syndrome tend to consume more than ______ of their daily calorie intake after their evening meal. a. two-thirds b. one-quarter c. one-half d. one-third

d. one-third

In the phenomenon known as ________ control of pain, the pain behaviors manifested by an individual are determined by social consequences. a. endogenous b. classical c. cognitive d. operant

d. operant

Approximately 20% to 30% of anorexia nervosa-related deaths are due to ________, which is 50 times higher than the risk of death from the same cause in the general population. a. hypothermia b. myocardial infarction c. stroke d. suicide

d. suicide