Baseball Terms

Cap Anson

One of the earliest superstar players of baseball. He played first base for the White Sox for 22 seasons finishing with a career average of .333 and 3,418 hits

Charles Comiskey

Owner of the Chicago White Sox who was reported to have been extremely stingy with his players. This was one of the reasons given for eight of his players to throw the 1919 World Series for money.

Honus Wagner

Pittsburgh Pirates shortstop who is considered the first star player of the 20th century. He was a great hitter but also an excellent fielder and could play any position.

Billy Sunday

Preacher and Former Pro Baseball Player- Key figure in the prohibition movement

Ban Johnson

President of the (Western) American League The second league in the major league organized baseball The national league didn't want to hear it Named his western league the american league 1899 Cincinnati

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.

William Hulbert

The "Czar of Baseball"; he developed the National League of Professional Baseball Players

Players Fraternity

in 1912 came the Baseball Players' Fraternity, which included most professional players. It was organized after the suspension of Ty Cobb for punching a fan.

Assimilation

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas. Assimilated waves of immigrants to the US to play baseball

Business Monopoly

When a company has total control over an industry

Ebbets Field

Where the Brooklyn Dodgers played baseball

1896 election

William Jennings Bryan lost to McKinley w/ the "silver issue" dominating the campaign; McKinley won, the Populists disappeared, the GOP became the party who represented the interests of the corporations and the wealthy, and a realignment occurred

Forbes Field

a baseball park in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1909 to June 28, 1970. It was the third home of the Pittsburgh Pirates Major League Baseball team, and the first home of the Pittsburgh Steelers

vertical mobility

a change upward or downward in occupational status or social class

One Hole Cat

a form of baseball in which there is a home plate and one other base, and in which a player remains at bat and scores runs by hitting the ball and running to the base and back without being put out.

Ebbets Field

a major league baseball stadium in Flatbush Brooklyn. It is known mainly as the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers Baseball team of the national league from 1913 to 1957.

La Soule

a traditional team sport that originated in Normandy and Picardy. The ball, called a soule, could be solid or hollow and made of either wood or leather *professor said probably won't be on test*

Magnates

a wealthy and influential person, especially in business.

Lefty O'Doul

an American MLB player who went on to become an extraordinarily successful manager in the minor leagues.

Mordecai Three Fingers Brown

an American Major League Baseball pitcher and manager during the first two decades of the 20th century. Due to a farm-machinery accident in his youth, Brown lost parts of two fingers on his right hand, and in the process gained a colorful nickname.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

an American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping.

WASP

an abbreviation for 'White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.'

Federal League

an american professional baseball league that played its first season in 1913 and operated as a third major league in competition with the established national and american leagues

Panama Canal

an artificial 82 km waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The Canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade.

Grantland Rice

an early twentieth century American writer who was an influential and important figure in the development of sports journalism.

Fleet Walker

catcher who is credited with being one of the first black men to play in Major League Baseball. Played at Oberlin College and from Ohio

Golden Spike

connected the two railroad across the United States at Promontory Point, Utah

New Woman

dissatisfaction with the of domesticity, began to celebrate female virtue and support social and political responsibility of women, confidence to break ideals and compete with men, clubs, colleges, divorce, bicycling (1920s)

Mike "King" Kelly

extremely popular player for Chicago White Stockings, "win at all costs" mentality, Irish, big drinker, sold for $10,000 to Boston Beaneaters, casey at the bat character

Cincinnati Red Stockings

first professional baseball team

Walter Johnson

given the nickname "Big Train" because his pitch was so fast

Laissez-faire

idea that gov't shouldn't interfere w/ or regulate industries & business

Jack Norworth

wrote the lyrics to "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"

Ned Hanlon

"Foxy" Recruited to build a team in Baltimore Baltimore Orioles Recruited from Pittsburgh

inside baseball

"Hit 'em where they ain't" -- strategy to hitting

Andrew Freedman

"NY Monopolist" Bought the New York Giants Moved the Capital of Baseball to NY HUGE EGO Fought everybody -- umpires, players, would run onto the field Accused of weakening the Giants In order to collapse the NL and make baseball dependent on him He would fire umpires Would go through 8-9 managers between 1985-1902

Brotherhood War

(Brotherhood of Professional Baseball Players) - Association concerned with helping players in trouble and improving relations between management and players. - Provided a base for player resistance when club owners tried to impose a stiff set of salary limits upon the players.

Baltimore Orioles

- NL pennant champs from 1894-96. - Led by "Foxy" Ned Hannan. Significance: They were the main part of inside/dirty baseball. The team was made up of working class, rough and tough men.

A.G. Spalding

- Realized baseball could make money/an industry -first fully paid team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings - Later moved to Boston -"First commissioner/promoter" -by the turn of the 1900's he has created the national industry -Called baseball "The national past time"

Gentleman's Club

-Amateur clubs, a group of men gathering to play baseball( usually wealthy men ) -not blacks -Knickerbockers 1842 -founded the brand of bat-and-ball game often called "town ball" or "round ball," but in New York more usually "base ball," somewhat similar to but not identical to the English sport of rounders.

Abner Doubleday

1861 was at Fort Sumter Fired the first defensive shot back for the Union Died 1894 Books movies and films over a 100 year period starred the Abner Doubleday myth about baseball Not once mentioned baseball 1839 -- he was in westpoint Baseball Hall of Fame -- privately owned NOT by MLB

Elysian Fields

Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey is believed to be the site of the first organized baseball game, giving Hoboken a strong claim to be the birthplace of baseball

Grover Cleveland

22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes

William McKinley

25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist

Theodore Roosevelt

26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

William H. Taft

27th U.S. President. 1909-1913. Republican

Wee Willie Keeler

5'4 hit it where they aint "inside baseball" strategy

trust

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

Harry Pulliam

American baseball executive who served as the sixth President of the National League. He served from 1903 until his death in 1909.

Babe Ruth

American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Began as a pitcher for Red Sox but transitioned to a lugging outfielder for they Yankees

American League

Baseball league created in 1901 after the fallout of the American Association. Second professional league

Ty Cobb

Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the team's player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. in 1936 Cobb received the most votes of any player on the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot.

Mills Commission

Committee that decided Abner Doubleday was the inventor of baseball based on the testimony of one man

Jane Austen

English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security.

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

Brooklyn Excelsiors

Excelsiors were an amateur baseball team that played in Brooklyn, New York. Formed in 1854. The team is known for originating the "Brooklyn-style" baseball cap, precursor to the modern cap.

Henry Chadwick

Former British cricket player who embraced the game of baseball and became a sportswriter for the New York Clipper writing about the game. He was credited with inventing the batting average and box score and eventually became known as "Father Baseball"

Alexis de Tocqueville

French political writer noted for his analysis of American institutions (1805-1859)

Trust Busting

Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts.

Brotherhood of Professional Baseball Players

Group formed in the 1880s which divided profits between investors and participants, but failed because fans would not abandon the established leagues and the successful baseball franchises demanded large quantities of capital.

John McGraw

Hard-nosed former player for the Baltimore Orioles who took over as manager of the NY Giants in 1902 where he remained for 30 years.

Jim Creighton

James Creighton was the greatest pitcher of his day. Famous principally for his exploits on behalf of the champion Excelsiors of Brooklyn in the years 1860 to 1862, he possessed an unprecedented combination of speed, spin, and command that virtually defined the position for all those who followed. Prior to Creighton, pitchers had been constrained by the rule that "the ball must be pitched, not thrown, for the bat."

James Madison Toy

James Madison Toy's pro baseball career began in 1884 in the short-lived Iron and Oil Association, a minor league that included teams from Western Pennsylvania and Ohio.

John Montgomery Ward

NY Giants Went to law school Engineered the first union in baseball to contest the reserve clause

Alexander Cartwright

Often cited as a major contributor to the origins of modern American baseball, Alexander Cartwright was an influential member of the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York City. With the Knickerbockers, Cartwright was a respected voice who helped guide one of the more renowned clubs in New York's burgeoning baseball scene in the mid-1800s

National agreement of 1891

The National Agreement is a pact which governed relations between rival major leagues, allowing them to respect one another's player contracts and providing for a championship series between the two leagues' champion teams.

National Association of Baseball players

The National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) was the first organization governing American baseball. The first convention of sixteen New York City area clubs in 1857 practically terminated the Knickerbocker era, when that club privately deliberated on the rules of the game.

The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players

The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (also known simply as the National Association or NA) was the first professional league, and played from 1871 through 1875. The NA is considered to be the first professional baseball league, and was one of the first professional team sports leagues of any kind

Pullman Strike

The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States that lasted from May 11 to July 20, 1894, and a turning point for US labor law.

Spanish-American War

The Spanish American War was the result of Cuba's Revolution against Spain. Cuba was unable to achieve independence as the USA intervened and ran the country for years following the War.

National League

The first professional baseball league, begun in 1876 with eight teams

Mergers

The joining together of two or more companies or organizations to form one larger one.

Progressivism

The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

Reserve Clause

The reserve clause, in North American professional sports, was part of a player contract which stated the rights to players were retained by the team upon the contract's expiration. Players under these contracts were not free to enter into another contract with another team.

World Series

The world series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team.

Cy Young

This MLB pitcher & Hall of Famer holds the record for most career wins as a pitcher at 511. - St. Louis Cardinals and Cleveland Spiders

Gospel of Wealth

This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy.

Andy Cohen

Was a second baseman in MLB, played from 1926-1929 for the New York Giants

Lipman Pike

Was the first great jewish player playing professional from 1866 to 1881

Cooperstown

is an American history museum and hall of fame, located in Cooperstown New York and operated by private interests. It serves as the central point for the study of the history of baseball in the United States and beyond, was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark

Sunday Blue Laws

laws designed to restrict or ban some or all Sunday activities for religious reasons

Christy Mathewson

nicknamed "Big Six", "The Christian Gentleman", "Matty", and "The Gentleman's Hurler", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher who played 17 seasons with the New York Giants.

Grover Cleveland Alexander

nicknamed "Old Pete", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played from 1911 through 1930 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, and St. Louis Cardinals. He was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938

Napoleon Lajoie

nicknamed "The Frenchman", was an American professional baseball second baseman and player-manager. has been described as "the first superstar in American League history. 0.338 Average 3200+ hits

Knickerbockers

one of the first organized baseball teams which played under a set of rules similar to the game today. In 1845, the team was founded by Alex

John Brush

owner of the New York Giants and partially Cincy Reds Major League Baseball franchise from 1890 until his death

Fenway Park

park located in Boston, Massachusetts near Kenmore Square. Since 1912, it has been the home for the Boston Red Sox, the city's American League baseball team, and since 1953, its only Major League Baseball franchise.

Connie Mack

part-owner of the Philadelphia Athletics. He was Ban Johnson's idea of the perfect manager for the American League-he was sober, well dressed, and never argued with the umpires. His teams would embody the first dynasty of the American League.

David Fultz

played MLB as a center fielder in the National League with the Philadelphia Phillies (1898-1899) and Baltimore Orioles (1899) and for the Philadelphia Athletics (1901-1902) and New York Highlanders

Spalding World Tour

set out from Chicago on 10/20/1888. An attempt to spread the baseball gospel to the four corners of the known universe.

Griffith Stadium

sports stadium that stood in Washington, D.C., from 1911 to 1965

1934 Tour of Japan

the 1934 tour of japan is the most well-known of all the tours, as it was graced by the presence of Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Lefty Gomez, Charlie Gehringer, Lefty O'Doul, Moe Ber

Polo Grounds

the name of three stadiums in Upper Manhattan, New York City, used mainly for professional baseball and American football from 1880 until 1963.

Shibe Park

was a baseball park located in Philadelphia. It was the home of the Philadelphia Athletics of the American League (AL) and the Philadelphia Phillies of the National League (NL). When it opened April 12, 1909, it became baseball's first steel-and-concrete stadium.

Isoo Abe

was a politician and professor in Japan, formed baseball team at Waseda University while teaching there.

Horace Wilson

was an American expatriate educator in late 19th century Empire of Japan. He is one of the persons credited with introducing the sport of baseball to Japan.

George/Harry Wright

was an English-born American professional baseball player, manager, and developer. He assembled, managed, and played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings.

Warren Harding

was the 29th President of the United States from 1921 until his death in 1923