Basecamp: Types of Fractures

March Fracture

Stress fracture to the second metatarsal

Spiral Fracture

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart and is shaped like an "S"

Boxer's Fracture

break of the 5th metacarpal fracture

Closed Fracture

broken bone with no open wound

Bimalleolar fracture

fracture involving the lateral and medial ankle

Wedge Fracture

A crushing compression fracture that leaves a vertebra narrowed anteriorly.

Supracondylar fracture

Break of Humerus: most common fracture in kids. May entrap brachial artery --> check radial pulse before and after reduction

Avulsion Fracture

Portion of bone becomes fragmented at the site of tendon attachment due to a traumatic and sudden stretch of the tendon.

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

Scaphoid

Salter-Harris Fracture

a fracture of the epiphyseal plate in children

Stress Fracture

a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact or repetitive forces

Greenstick Fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

Comminuted Fracture

bone breaks into many fragments

Compound Fracture

bone breaks through the skin

Nonunion Fracture

break in a bone that has failed to unite and heal after 9-12 months

Which term is most consistent with a mid-radius fracture that is in several different pieces? Salter-Harris fracture segmented fracture Jones fracture comminuted fracture

comminuted fracture A comminuted fracture refers to a fracture that breaks into fragments at the site of injury. The fragments may be in the form of several different pieces, splintered pieces or crushed pieces.

A fracture in which the bone protrudes through the skin is referred to as which type of fracture? comminuted fracture simple fracture compound fracture stress fracture

compound fracture A compound fracture describes a break in a bone that protrudes through the skin. Because of the amount of force required to cause this type of fracture, patients often have additional injuries which require immediate medical treatment.

What type of fracture is most commonly associated with osteoporosis? compound compression greenstick avulsion

compression Patients with osteoporosis are at an increased risk for compression fractures. Fractures typically occur secondary to the vertebral bodies assuming a wedged shape structure and an increased kyphosis of the thoracic spine.

Which type of fracture would most likely utilize an intramedullary rod to provide fixation? acetabulum femur fibula calcaneus

femur An intramedullary rod is often used as a form of fixation for a femur fracture. Advantages of this type of fixation include smaller incision, minimal soft tissue damage during surgery, and enhanced stability for early weight bearing.

What bone when fractured is often associated with the use of skeletal traction? femur humerus tibia fibula

femur Balanced suspension traction requires pins, screws, and wires to be surgically inserted into bone for the purpose of applying a traction force using an externally applied weight. This type of traction is most often utilized with a comminuted fracture of the femur.

Jones Fracture

fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal

Which of the following is a common type of fracture in children? spiral fracture compound fracture greenstick fracture avulsion fracture

greenstick fracture Greenstick fractures are common in children since the bones have not fully developed and therefore are less rigid and brittle.

Which term refers to abnormal healing of a bone fracture resulting in a fibrous union or pseudarthrosis? delayed union malunion nonunion cancellous

nonunion Nonunion results in a fibrous union, which may be caused by complications such as infection or inadequate fixation. A fracture that heals in an unsuitable position is termed a malunion and a fracture that takes longer than normal to heal is termed a delayed union. Cancellous bone or "spongy bone" is found at the end of long bones, as well as in the pelvis, ribs, skull, and vertebrae.

The carpal bone that is most frequently fractured is the: pisiform lunate trapezium scaphoid

scaphoid The scaphoid links the proximal and distal carpal rows and helps provide stability to the wrist. A scaphoid fracture can occur as a result of a fall on an outstretched hand. This injury can be serious due to the potential for avascular necrosis.

A fracture that occurs at a right angle to the long axis of the bone and is usually produced by a shearing force is best termed a/an: oblique fracture transverse fracture spiral fracture comminuted fracture

transverse fracture A transverse fracture occurs at a right angle to the long axis of the bone. Fractures heal in varying time frames based upon age, comorbidities, and fracture site. Normal average healing times range from 3 weeks for the phalanges to 12 weeks for the femur.

malunion fracture

when the two bony ends of the fracture fails to heal together correctly