Basic Nutrition - Review for Test 1-Chapters 1, 2, 3

When referring to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations, it is important to remember that:

they are based on the latest available scientific research

Phytochemicals found in foods are important because:

they decrease the risk of developing certain diseases

The major role of all vitamins and minerals in the human body is:

to act as regulators in all body processes

Immediately after digestion, nutrients delivered from the intestines into the circulatory system are:

transported through the blood to the liver for necessary chemical alterations

According to the USDA Eating Patterns, which foods should be consumed in limited amounts?

Meats

If a nutrient does not have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level, this means that:

insufficient data exist to establish a value

The bottom portion of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food package:

serves as a reminder of the Daily Values for the selected nutrients

In cases of severe undernutrition, the small intestine will react by:

shrinking to a much smaller surface

The vast majority of fat digestion takes place in the:

small intestine with lipases released by the pancreas

Steamed rice is an integral part of meals in Southeast Asia. Thus, steamed rice is an example of a(n) _____ food of Southeast Asia.

staple

A rapid drinker can become intoxicated almost immediately when drinking, especially if:

the stomach is empty

When planning a healthful diet using the USDA Eating Patterns, vegetarians should remember that:

the vegetable group contains legumes, which can be counted as protein foods.

Which of the following organs is the main site for alcohol breakdown?

Liver

Which of the following organs stores and releases nutrients to meet the cells' needs between meals?

Liver

Which of the following best fits into a meal plan for a person who must eat 1 cup vegetables, 2 ounces grains, and 2 ounces protein foods at lunch?

1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu

According to the USDA Eating Patterns, one ounce of protein foods is equal to all of the following except:

1 cup cooked legumes

According to the USDA Eating Patterns, one teaspoon (tsp) oil is equal to:

1 tsp soft margarine

Based on the USDA's MyPlate, at least _____ of the plate should be occupied by fruits and vegetables at each meal.

1/2

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee recommends a diet that provides _____ percent of its calories from protein.

10-35

How many calories are provided by a food that contains 20 grams of carbohydrate, 8 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat?

157

According to the USDA Eating Patterns, 1 cup cooked kidney beans can be substituted with _____ to meet the same nutritional requirement.

2 cups raw kale

Lily's dietician suggests that her breakfast include 2 ounces of grains, 1 cup of milk, and 1/2 cup of fruit. Choose a meal for her that is equivalent to the suggested diet.

2 cups ready-to-eat cereal, 1 cup fat-free milk, and 1 medium banana

Lily's dietician suggests that her breakfast include 2 ounces of grains, 1 cup of milk, and 1/2 cup of fruit. Choose a meal for her that is equivalent to the suggested diet.`

2 cups ready-to-eat cereal, 1 cup fat-free milk, and 1 medium banana

How many calories are present in a cocktail made of 4 fluid ounces of the margarita mix and 2 fluid ounces of rum? Note that a 1.5-fluid-ounce drink of rum has 105 calories.

250

Carbohydrate and protein each provide _____ calories per gram.

4

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee recommends a diet that provides _____ percent of its calories from carbohydrate.

45-65

Which of the following details would be provided on a small label on a roll of candy rings?

A website to visit for nutrient information

A person is trying to follow the best diet to reduce the risk of developing chronic disease. She wants to make sure that she consumes adequate nutrients in the best proportions from the foods she selects. Which would be the best Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) standards for her to use to ensure she has the best energy nutrient intakes to reduce chronic disease risk?

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

Which of the following is set upon the scientific basis formed by the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)?

Adequate Intakes (AI)

Which of the following is recommended by the USDA's Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?

Adults should engage in at least 2.5 hours of moderate physical activity each week.

Which of the following statements is a truth concerning alcohol?

Alcohol depresses the brain's activity

Which type of research studies populations and is often used to search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence?

An epidemiological study

A person has eaten the following vegetables over the past week: carrots, pinto beans, corn, cauliflower, coleslaw, and potatoes. Which of the following vegetables should he eat to be sure that he has included vegetables from each of the subgroups for the week?

Broccoli

You are presenting to a group of consumers about ways to use food labels to choose healthy foods in the grocery store. During your presentation, what would you emphasize?

Comparing similar food products based on nutrient components and understanding the terms used on food labels

A person with a heart disease is told to make some diet and lifestyle changes. He states, "I know that I should make changes because my father and brother both died of heart attacks. But I really like to have my big steaks for dinner." Which stage of behavior change does this example represent

Contemplation

What are the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) designed for?

Disease prevention in healthy people

A group of public health officials are trying to determine the amount of folate to be added to fortify grain products for women of child-bearing age. Which of the following nutrient standards are the officials most likely to use?

Estimated Average Requirements

Which of the following establishes the average nutrient requirements for given life stages and gender groups used by nutrition policy makers?

Estimated Average Requirements

You are concerned about a classmate who binge drinks regularly. You want to let him know of the long-term consequences of his habit. What would you tell him to convince him to cut back on drinking?

Excessive alcohol intake can lead to the deterioration of skeletal and heart muscles.

A person in an emergency situation is unable to eat for several weeks. Which of the following would provide most of the energy that this person would need to survive?

Fat

Which phytochemical present in dark chocolate has the potential for positive heart health benefits?

Flavonoids

Which of the following foods is exempt from listing ingredients on its food label?

Fresh bananas

Which of the following organs stores bile juice?

Gallbladder

Which of the following results was obtained from a study conducted on the effect of flavonoid intakes, especially from berries

In older women, it accompanied slow cognitive decline.

Which of the following conditions is easily treated because it is responsive to dietary changes?

Iron-deficiency anemia

Which of the following diseases is not influenced by diet?

Iron-deficiency anemia

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a nutritious diet?

It ensures that the same kind of food is eaten every day.

What is the function of the saliva secreted by the salivary glands?

It moistens and lubricates food.

The first three items in the ingredients list on a bottle of orange juice are "sugar, citric acid, orange flavour." What does this mean?

It states that sugar is the chief ingredient in the juice.

Who among the following cannot adopt the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations?

Robert, a 20-year-old with cystic fibrosis

Which of the following foods falls into the protein food group of the USDA Eating Patterns?

Seafood

A woman who is pregnant wants to drink a margarita made from the mix and tequila to relax after a long work week. What would be the best recommendation for her?

She should avoid the alcohol and make a nonalcoholic version with only the mix.

You often cannot refuse food offered to you by your companions. Which food choice factor does this situation illustrate?

Social norms

Which of the following foods do not fit into any of the major food groups in the USDA Eating Patterns?

Stick margarine, gravy, and jelly

Which of the following characteristics applies to the maintenance stage of behavior change?

Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent

Which of the following statements is true of the Daily Values?

The Daily Values are U.S. standards used on food labels.

Which of the following is true of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020?

The guidelines allow alcohol intake but in moderation only.

Which of the following is true of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020?`

The guidelines allow alcohol intake but in moderation only.

Which of the following is a consequence of alcohol abuse?

The liver expels folate into the blood for excretion by the kidneys.

Which of the following statements is true about the effect of genetics and nutrition on chronic diseases?

The possibility of developing chronic diseases depends on genetics and lifestyle choices.

Identify a characteristic of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).

The values reflect daily intakes to be achieved on average, over time.

Which of the following statements is true of advertorials?

They are feature-length advertisements in newspapers that may or may not be accurate.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Daily Values?

They are ideal for comparisons among different packaged foods.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)?

They are minimum requirements, not recommendations

Which of the following statements is true of cells?

They are self-contained living entities.

For what purpose did the USDA develop MyPlate as a consumer tool?

To help consumers understand and apply the USDA Eating Patterns.

Which of the following is an example of an ultra-processed food?

a cake

If you do not eat on a regular basis throughout the day, the effect on the body will be:

a coordinated effort that draws stored energy from various parts of the body

In a nutritious diet, the foods provide sufficient quantities of essential nutrients, fiber, and energy to maintain health and body weight. This principle of diet planning is called _____.

adequacy

A popular star has a half-hour television show describing a new dietary supplement that she claims has made her much healthier. During the show, she describes how she has seen improvement in her skin, hair, and eyesight without going to the doctor. This is an example of:

an infomercial

A false story has circulated for several years on the Internet about the chickens used by a popular national fried chicken chain. It claims that the chickens used by the company have been genetically modified to have no heads, beaks, or feet and are kept alive with feeding tubes. This is an example of:

an urban legend

If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that:

antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while

Most foods that are high in calcium are poor sources of iron. This statement illustrates the characteristic of a nutritious diet known as _____.

balance

A food manufacturer has included the following claim on the container label for a product: "Helps maintain normal iron levels." If you were evaluating the claim, you would:

be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval

The best way for a person to get all the essential nutrients and keep energy intake low is to:

choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group

When you see that foods have a high nutrient density, you should:

choose them because they form the foundation of the diet in the USDA Eating Patterns

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend all of the following except:

increasing the proportion of trans fats in the diet

The effects of physical activity on the body include all of the following except:

decreased bone density

For an individual with high blood pressure, drinking several margaritas made using the margarita mix and tequila in a single evening is:

inadvisable because alcohol in large amounts raises blood pressure

In a study conducted in several countries, it was found that a high intake of fish and a low intake of animal fat were correlated with a low breast cancer mortality rate. This study is an example of a(n):

epidemiological study

The most energy-rich nutrient is:

fat

Omnivorous people eat:

foods of both plant and animal origin

A major guideline for healthy people is to limit their calorie intake and consume more and varied selections of _____.

fruits and vegetables

The liver converts excess energy-yielding nutrients into _____ for storage.

glycogen and fat

Any food providing 10 to 19% of the Daily Value for a nutrient in one serving is considered to be a(n) _____ source of the nutrient.

good

In a research study, one set of subjects received a treatment and another set of subjects received a placebo. This research study is an example of a(n):

intervention study

You can tell that a claim about nutrition is unreliable if:

it is being made by an advertiser who is paid to make claims

Energy-yielding nutrients are referred to as _____.

macronutrients

A certain amount of fiber in foods contributes to the health of the digestive system. However, eating too much fiber leads to nutrient losses. The characteristic of diet planning illustrated by this statement is called _____

moderation

A certain amount of fiber in foods contributes to the health of the digestive system. However, eating too much fiber leads to nutrient losses. The characteristic of diet planning illustrated by this statement is called _____.

moderation

You know that you should limit your salt intake for the sake of your health.. This doesn't mean that you should never indulge in salty food. This statement illustrates an important characteristic of a nutritious diet called _____.

moderation

Essential nutrients are:

necessary nutrients that can be obtained only from the diet

Three ounces of beef stew contains about the same amount of iron as three ounces of water-packed tuna. However, the beef stew provides over 300 calories, while the tuna provides about 100 calories. With respect to iron, the tuna offers more:

nutrient density

The characteristics of food group plans include all of the following except:

organizing foods with respect to their calorie amounts

The digestion of food includes the mechanical actions of:

peristalsis waves to move the food down through the digestive tract

Foods that have been subjected to the addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods.

processed

Which of the following nutrients can yield energy and provide materials for forming the structures and working parts of body tissues?

proteins

The source of valid nutrition information is:

scientific research

The kidneys are waste- and _____-removal specialists.

water

When making food choices, the best types of foods to include in your diet are:

whole foods because they provide the basis of a nutritious diet