Basic Principles of Kinesiology

Condyloid Joint

2 D.F Examples: Tibiofemoraljoint MCPjoint

Which of the following joints allows only 3 degree of freedom and Flex & Ext, ABD & ADD, IR & ER?

Ball & Socket Joint

The glenohumeral joint of the shoulder is an example of which type of joint?

Ball-and-socket

Which of the following statements is true?

Cancellous bone is porous and typically lines the inner portions of a bone

Which of the following joints allows only 2 degree of freedom and Flex & Ext/ ABD & ADD?

Elipsoid Joint

Which joints allow motion to occur in only two planes?

Ellipsoid Condyloid

T/F: Second-class lever systems favor range of motion and speed?

FALSE

T/F: The humerus and the tibia are both bones considered to be part of the axial skeleton

FALSE

T/F: When a convex joint surface moves about a stationary concave joint surface, the arthrokinematic roll and slide occur in the same direction.

FALSE

T/F: A "resultant force" refers to the amount of force that is lost because of tissue elasticity.

False Response Feedback: it is the combined force of two vectors

A muscle with a line of pull anterior to the medial-lateral axis of rotation of the shoulder will perform:

Flexion

Which of the following joints allows only 1 degree of freedom and flexion and extension?

Hinge

Which of the following joints does (do) not allow motion to occur in the frontal plane?

Hinge Condyloid Ellipsoid

When a convex member of a joint is moving over a relatively stationary concave member, the arthrokinematic roll and slide occur

In opposite directions

Which of the following movements occur about a longitudinal or vertical axis of rotation?

Internal rotation of the shoulder

Which of the following motions occurs about a vertical axis of rotation?

Internal rotation of the shoulder External rotation of the shoulder

Which of the following has the least amount of mobility?

Sternoclavicular

T/F: "Passive movements" refer to forces that produce body movement other than that caused by muscular activation.

TRUE

T/F: Third-class levers favor range of motion and speed over force.

TRUE

T/F: A joint must allow motion in at least two planes in order for it to circumduct.

True

Which of the above motions would be produced by a muscular line of pull that courses anterior to the medial-lateral axis of rotation? a) hip flexion b) shoulder extension c) plantar flexion d) shoulder adduction

a) hip flexion

Which of the following movements occur about a longitudinal or vertical axis of rotation? a) internal rotation of the shoulder b) extension of the shoulder c) flexion of the hip d) abduction of the hip

a) internal rotation of the shoulder - rotation always occurs about a longitudinal axis of rotation

Based on a front view of the shoulder, which motion will occur by a muscular line of pull that courses lateral and superior to the anterior-posterior axis of rotation? a) shoulder abduction b) shoulder flexion c) shoulder internal rotation d) plantar flexion

a) shoulder abduction - abduction is the movement of bone away from the midline (lateral)

The shoulder adductor muscles are antagonists to a) shoulder abductors b) shoulder flexors c) shoulder extensors d) shoulder internal rotators

a) shoulder abductors - antagonist opposes the movement of an agonist

Which of the following movements occur in the frontal plane? a) shoulder adduction b) hip flexion c) pronation of the forearm d) a and c e) b and c

a) shoulder adduction - adduction and abduction occur in the frontal plane

A joint must allow motion in at least two planes in order for it to circumduct. a) true b) false

a) true

Third-class levers favor range of motion and speed over force. a) true b) false

a) true

PASSIVE MOVEMENTS refer to forces that produce body movement other than that caused by muscular activation. a) true b) false

a) true - muscle activation is active

A muscle that courses anterior to a medial-lateral axis of rotation will produce motion in the sagittal plane. a) true b) false

a) true - sagittal plane corresponds to the medial-lateral axis

A first-class lever ALWAYS favors force over range of motion. a) true b) false

b) false - 1st class lever favors balance

Second-class lever systems favor range of motion and speed. a) true b) false

b) false - 3rd class levers favor range of motion and speed not 2nd class

A joint that allows 2 degrees of freedom is likely to permit volitional motion in all three planes. a) true b) false

b) false - joint must have 3 dof to be in all 3 planes

When a convex joint surface moves aobut a stationary concave joint surface, the arthrokinematic roll and slide occur in the same direction. a) true b) false

b) false - sliding is in the opposite direction of the angular movement of the bone if the moving joint surface is convex

The term STRENGTH refers solely to the force that a muscle can produce, not its torque. a) true b) false

b) false - strength is force and and endurance of a muscle

A motion such as flexing and extending the elbow with the hand free is an example of a closed-chain motion. a) true b) false

b) false - the hand is free, making it an open-chain

When a convex member of a joint is moving over a relatively stationary concave member, the arthrokinematic roll and slide occur: a) in the same direction b) in opposite direction

b) in opposite direction - sliding is in the opposite direction of the angular movement of the bone if the moving joint surface is convex

The term osteokinematics describes the: a) motion between joint surfaces b) motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes c) forces transferred from muscles through joints d) force of a muscle contraction acting on an internal moment arm

b) motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes - osteokinematics describes the motion of bones relative to the 3 cardinal planes

The shoulder is to the elbow: a) caudal b) proximal c) distal d) deep e) a and b

b) proximal - proximal is defined as nearest to the attachment of an extremity to the trunk

Which of the following lever systems ALWAYS provides good leverage, allowing an external load to be lifted with comparatively less msucular force? a) first class b) second class c) third class

b) second class

Which of the following movements occur about an anterior-posterior axis of rotation? a) extension of hip b) supination of forearm c) abduction of hip d) internal rotation of shoulder

c) abduction of hip - abduction and adduction occur about an anterior-posterior axis of rotation

Internal rotation of the shoulder occurs about a(n) ____ axis of rotation. a) anterior-posterior b) medial-lateral c) longitudinal (vertical) d) reciprocal

c) longitudinal (vertical) - rotation occurs in a transverse plane about a vertical axis

A closed-chain motion: a) always provides larger ranges of motion than an open-chain motion b) occurs when the distal segment of the joint moves relative to a stationary proximal segment c) occurs wehn the proximal segment of a joint moves relative to a fixed distal segment d) is typically not used when treating a patient

c) occurs when the proximal segment of a joint moves relative to a fixed distal segment - closed-chain is where the distal end of the segment is fixed

Which of the following movements occur in the sagittal plane? a) extension of the hip b) flexion of the shoulder c) internal rotation of the shoulder d) a and b e) all of the above

d) a and b - flexion and extension occur in a sagittal plane

The torque generated by a muscle is calculated by: a) dividing the muscular force by the internal moment arm b) multiplying the muscular force by the external moment arm c) dividing the muscular force by the external moment arm d) mulitplying the muscular force by the internal moment arm

d) multiplying the muscular force by the internal moment arm - internal torque is defined as product of internal force and internal moment arm

Which of the following terms describes the proximal attachment of a muscle? a) caudal b) insertion c) cephalad d) origin e) a and b

d) origin - origin is the proximal attachment of a muscle

Which of the following motions occur about a vertical axis of rotation? a) internal rotation of shoulder b) external rotation of shoulder c) rotation of head and neck d) a and b e) all of the above

e) all of the above - any rotation occurs about a vertical axis of rotation

Which of the following motions occurs around a medial-lateral axis of rotation? a) shoulder abduction b) knee flexion c) shoulder extension d) a and b e) b and c

e) b and c - medial-lateral axis is perpendicular to the sagittal plane where flexion and extension occur