Basic Weather Theory

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At approximately what altitude above the surface would the pilot expect the base of cumuliform clouds if the surface air temperature is 82 °F and the dewpoint is 38 °F?

10,000 feet AGL.

What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level?

15 °C and 29.92 inches Hg.

What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature at 1,000 feet MSL is 70 °F and the dewpoint is 48 °F?

6,000 feet MSL.

What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?

A stable layer of air.

What measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere?

Actual lapse rate.

A temperature inversion would most likely result in which weather condition?

An increase in temperature as altitude is increased.

If an unstable air mass is forced upward, what type clouds can be expected?

Clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence.

What are characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass?

Cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation.

What are the processes by which moisture is added to unsaturated air?

Evaporation and sublimation.

A stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristic?

Poor surface visibility.

Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high?

Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds.

What is a characteristic of stable air?

Stratiform clouds.

Which conditions result in the formation of frost?

The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing.

What is meant by the term 'dewpoint'?

The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.

What are characteristics of unstable air?

Turbulence and good surface visibility.

What causes variations in altimeter settings between weather reporting points?

Unequal heating of the Earth's surface.

What would decrease the stability of an air mass?

Warming from below.

One of the most easily recognized discontinuities across a front is

a change in temperature.

An almond or lens-shaped cloud which appears stationary, but which may contain winds of 50 knots or more, is referred to as

a lenticular cloud.

The suffix 'nimbus,' used in naming clouds, means

a rain cloud.

The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the

air temperature.

The wind at 5,000 feet AGL is southwesterly while the surface wind is southerly. This difference in direction is primarily due to

friction between the wind and the surface.

The boundary between two different air masses is referred to as a

front.

Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a

heat exchange.

Clouds are divided into four families according to their

height range.

Moist, stable air flowing upslope can be expected to

produce stratus type clouds.

Crests of standing mountain waves may be marked by stationary, lens-shaped clouds known as

standing lenticular clouds.

Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of

stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence.

The most frequent type of ground or surface-based temperature inversion is that which is produced by

terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night.

Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when

water vapor condenses.

One weather phenomenon which will always occur when flying across a front is a change in the

wind direction.


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