Battle at Marathon, Salamis
Artemisia
Tricked Xerxes into thinking she was a traitor
Battle of Marathon
(490 B.C.E.) Battle where the Persians who invaded Greece were defeated on the Plain of Marathon by an Athenian army.
Themistocles
A Greek military leader who convinced the Athenians to build a navy. This helped Athens win a major battle against Persia, the Battle of Salamis. He was ostracized around 471 BCE.
Alexander
Messenger for the alliance between Persia and Athens
Miltiades
Athenian Commander at Marathon. Was previously exiled and comes back as an archon
Cleisthenes
Father of democracy
Battle of Plataea
In 479 B.C. The Spartans and the Athenians unite and the Persians flee. Athenians fight Thebes and the Spartans fight the Persian cavalry. Athenians and Spartans win. Mardonius is killed and the Persians retreat. They kill them and siege Thebes for their traitors. This is the last battle.
Darius
King of Persia and father of Xerxes
The order of the battles in the Persian Wars
Marathon, Thermopylae, Battle of Artemisium, Plataea
How are Greek and Persian soldiers different
The Greeks are more organized, while Persians are more barbaric
"Wooden wall" prophecy
The fleet will be what defends Salamis is divine. Salamis is a place of death
Battle of Thermopylae
Miltiades dies and Themistocles takes over by building a strong fleet. Darius creates an army of 300,000 but dies, Xerxes taking his place. Persians flank and the Spartans die
Mardonius
Persian general at Salamis and commander at Plataea
Hippias
Previously was a monarch, fled to persia and fought with them
Pausanias
commanded the Spartan troops at Plataea (479 BCE); his actions and those of his men inspired the retreating Athenians and allies to stand, fight, and defeat the Persians and their Greek allies.
Xerxes
son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.
Who has beef with Athens during the battle of salamis, to the point that Athens try to accuse them of leaving the battle early
Corinthians
Battle of Artemisium
Day 1: Persians lose 30 ships Day 2: Greeks receive 53 ships and destroy a Persian patrol Day 3: Both sides lose equal numbers but Greeks are outnumbered, so they evacuate
What are some tricks Themistocles used throughout the Greco-Persian war
He takes 30 talents of bribe money, and uses 8 to bribe Eurabiodes and Ademontus to stay
Who wins the war overall?
The Greeks. They are able to prove the Persian army is not immortal and drive them out of Greece in fight for freedom.
Names given to the conflict in Persia that will spark the Greco-Persian wars
The Ionian Rebellion
Why was the battle at Thermopylae important for Greek morale
The glory of the Spartans created future morale. They proved they can take on the Persian army
Battle of Salamis
Themistocles wanted to fight the Persians at sea so he lured Persians into the area between Salamis and Athens. The Greeks won because the Persian ships were big and bulky and got congested and the Greek ships were agile and didn't. Persian navy destroyed.
What did Sparta say to Athens when they thought Athens would submit to persia
They claimed Athens started it and if they surrendered they will be enslaved
How were the Greeks outnumbered at marathon
They had 10,000 hoplites. The Persians had 25,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry
Why is the battle of Plataea important as far as Athenian and spartan relations
They praise him by giving him a chariot. They become allies again when Athenians consider an alliance with the Persians
What did Athens responds when accused of possibly submitting to persia
They said they will never join the Persians and that they burnt Athenian statues
Leonidas
king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)