BBE 1002 Final Exam
You are shopping at Menards and see a piece of oak board you want that is 6 feet long, 1 inch thick and 4 inches wide. It costs $12.39. What is the price per linear foot? (Lesson 13)
$2.06
Paper and paperboard products make up approximately what percentage of garbage (municipal solid waste) sent to landfills or incinerators? (Lesson 16)
25%
In Katie's video, she described how forest managers try to mimic natural conditions. Which two pictures did she compare? (Lesson 8)
A managed forest and forest after a fire disturbance
What is the main purpose of engineered wood products? (Lesson 15)
Adds value to the wood industry.
According to Katie Fernholz, sustainable forestry seeks to: (select all that apply) (Lesson 8)
Approach forestry from a holistic and ecosystem-based viewpoint. Meet the need for forest products today without compromising the future. Maintain and protect the biodiversity, productivity, and regeneration capacity.
What do we mean when we say "dedicated crops"? (Lesson 10)
Crops grown specifically for the production of bioenergy or bioproducts
The two things we need for an EROI are: (Lesson 22)
Energy Input Energy Output
A cradle to gate analysis of dimension lumber would include the following inputs (select all that apply): (Lesson 17)
Energy for kiln drying for lumber Energy for packaging the lumber Energy for harvesting the trees
According to the lesson we are currently producing significant amounts of biofuels from algae. (Lesson 24)
False
An LCA comparison with wood buildings typically indicates wood is better in the Global Warming Potential category but not in the other impact categories. (Lesson 17)
False
Biodegradable plastics easily breakdown in all environmental conditions. (Lesson 20)
False
True or False: Anaerobic digestion is a relatively new technology. (Lesson 25)
False
True or False: Since 2010 the acres planted to corn have increased by about 30%. (Lesson 24)
False
True or False: Natural gas is used primarily for transportation. (Lesson 22)
False
Tim and Kim talked about how data-intensive and complex the LCA process is. What did they mention that can be done to deal with all this information, streamline the process, and address the most impactful areas? (Lesson 6)
Focus on only the biggest contributors to the environmental impacts (hot-spotting).
Which of the following options for a tree results in the quickest return of carbon to the atmosphere? (Lesson 17)
Harvested and used for energy
Many of the best wood products come from the ________________. (Lesson 7)
Heartwood
What is the main reason people are interested in making biofuel and bioproducts from lignocellulosic biomass? (Lesson 18)
It has the potential to be a cheaper, more sustainable feedstock than starch
What does an eco-label indicate in general? (Lesson 12)
It might indicate a variety of different things, depending on the label. It's best to research what that label means before making assumptions.
Why inhibits the syngas platform from being used on a commercial scale? (Lesson 21)
It's inefficient and doesn't produce pure ethanol.
What does "laundering" timber refer to? (Lesson 26)
Mixing illegal timber with legal timber during transport or at the mill
Which of the following are regulations for organic agriculture? (Lesson 10)
No GMOs No artificial fertilizers or pesticides
In the video, what byproducts and contaminants had to be removed from the syngas? Select all that apply. (Lesson 21)
Particulates Char Tar Methane
In the book Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise (IPP) the authors main frustration seems to be: (Lesson 1)
People like to consume things but don't like extracting the resources needed to make these things.
Corn grain is processed and fermented to create ethanol fuel. We will learn more about this later in the semester. For now, identify the feedstock of this process, based on the statement above. (Lesson 10)
The corn grain
Annual agriculture halts natural succession. How did the first video define "succession"? (Lesson 11)
The natural process of change and development in an ecosystem over time.
Which is larger? (Lesson 10)
The number of acres of US forestland
The lumen of tracheids can be thought of as (Lesson 14)
The space inside the tracheid cell.
Given that we don't want to mine new resources because of environmental damage, we have to find ways to reduce consumption. What did Chapter 7 say about steel recycling? (Lesson 3)
There is a significant benefit in recycling steel.
Why did Greenpeace have a problem with the logging company Sodefor? (Lesson 26)
They believed Sodefor engaged in human rights violations.
How do genetically modified microorganisms produce the biochemicals we want? (Lesson 19)
They go about their normal lives. Since the chemical is now encoded in their DNA, it's automatically produced as they grow, live, and reproduce.
About half of the palm oil imported into the EU is used for biodiesel production.
True
What is thermochemical conversion? (Lesson 21)
Using heat and catalysts to convert lignocellulosic biomass into products.
In the NASA video showing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere (A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2) what season showed the highest concentration of carbon dioxide in the northern hemisphere? (Lesson 4)
Winter
We do not typically put waste oil from restaurants into digesters because (Lesson 25)
a higher value product for oil is biodiesel
At a typical US sawmill, 11-12% of the log goes to energy production. This portion is made up of _________. (Lesson 13)
bark and other wood scraps
Mr. Green suggests wood is the only building material that can help with climate change. He said wood is the only real option because it _________________. (Lesson 15)
both captures and stores carbon dioxide
The oldest part of the tree is___________. (Lesson 7)
in the center of the tree.
In the book "The Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise" the author suggests that all of the products we consume have their origin in ________________.
mining, forest harvesting, or agriculture.
The important argument about carbon neutral and wood to energy is _________. (Lesson 23)
the timing
What is the difference between compostable and biodegradable? (Lesson 20)
Compostable includes stipulations about the time to degrade and ecotoxicity.
Which of the following are the main reasons for drying wood? Check all that apply. (Lesson 14)
dimensional stability cost of lumber production strength
What percent of US greenhouse gas emissions is from transportation? (Lesson 22)
28%
From the video, the taconite in the Mesabi formation contains about ___% iron. (Lesson 3)
30%
True or False? Globally, tropical forests are being lost to deforestation faster than temperate forests. (Lesson 9)
True
True or false: The terms "timber" and "lumber" typically refer to the same thing. (Lesson 8)
True
True or false? Cellulose is an example of a polysaccharide. (Lesson 18)
True
True or false? Glucose is a monosaccharide. (Lesson 18)
True
What is the best definition of silviculture? (Lesson 8)
Working with the nature to develop and maintain healthy forest systems
Which of the following is the most correct? (Lesson 19)
Yeast naturally produce ethanol, but we genetically modify them to produce it more efficiently
In the Forest Trends lesson, we learned that one of the issues our forests are facing today is habitat fragmentation. Modern, industrial agriculture contributes to habitat fragmentation. (Lesson 11)
True
Which of the following groups was NOT specifically listed as a potential user of LCAs in the video? (Lesson 6)
Environmental activists
True or False? Wood will shrink or swell when there is a moisture content change above the Fiber Saturation Point. (Lesson 14)
False
True or False? Both trees and corn exhibit secondary growth (growing outward from the stem). (Lesson 7)
False
Using corn starch as a source of sugar for ethanol production is equally popular everywhere in the world. (Lesson 18)
False
One way to differentiate types of plastics is by the structure/form of their polymer backbone. (Lesson 20)
True
Framed lumber is dried to (Lesson 14)
15-19% MCd
How many dry tons of forest resources do we use annually? (Lesson 9)
154 million
Worker's rights and good employment conditions are requirements specified in all forest certification systems. (Lesson 12)
False
The cool graphic on carbon dioxide concentrations over time (since like 800,000 BCE) showed some interesting things. What was the approximate concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere in 1979? (Lesson 4)
330 ppm
Energy is measured in Watts/m2. Yep, the same 'watts' used when you are shopping for a light bulb. On average, how much solar energy reaches the earth's atmosphere? (Lesson 5)
340 Watts/m2
How much MSW does each person in the US generate each day? (Lesson 25)
4.4 lbs/day
How many times can paper be recycled before the fibers get too short? (Lesson 16)
5-7 times
Figure 2 showed the % consumption of different resources for the developed nations. It showed that in the year 2010 these countries consumed about __________ of the global petroleum consumption. (Lesson 2)
50%
About what percent of the corn grain is starch? (Lesson 10)
60%
What percent of forests in the U.S. are privately owned? (Lesson 9)
63%
Americans recycle about what percentage of the paper we consume? (Lesson 16)
66%
The majority of the wood produced in the world is burned as fuel for heating. (Lesson 21)
True
Biodiesel from soybeans has a GHG reduction of ______ compared to petroleum diesel. (Lesson 24)
76%
Biodiesel comprises what percent of the European Union's biofuel consumption? (Lesson 26)
80%
It is interesting that the US biofuel industry is based primarily on ethanol and the EU biofuel industry is based on biodiesel. What % of EU biofuels is biodiesel? (Lesson 26)
80%
The carbon cycle is drawn out in Figure 1. How much carbon is being emitted from human activity? (Lesson 4)
9 billion metric tons
How much of our transportation fuel in the US is from petroleum? (Lesson 22)
92%
What percent of bioproducts made from corn come from the starch in the kernels (as opposed to the cellulose in the leaves and stems)? (Lesson 18)
99%
According to Paul Trianosky, how many acres of forests certified by SFI are there in the US and Canada, collectively? (Lesson 12)
240 million
Sap, the fluid flowing in the tree, has more sugar when it is moving ___________ . (Lesson 7)
from branches to roots
Most of the biodiesel in the US is from (Lesson 24)
soybean oil
Globally consumption of minerals is about 12 tons per person per year. However, this is slightly misleading because (Lesson 2)
wealthy developed countries consume much more and poorer countries consume much less.
Which of these steps is NOT a typical part of the production of herbaceous crops? (Lesson 10)
Grinding
Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the dynamics of forest growth vs forest harvest in the US in terms of timber volume? (Lesson 9)
Forest growth is almost double forest harvest.
You are walking along one sunny winter day and the suddenly you cry "Albedo! Too much albedo!"What were you looking at? (Lesson 5)
Fresh snowfall.
Which of the following reasons were given for why countries import resources? (Lesson 3)
It's cheaper because of cheap labor. There is no local supply. It's cheaper because of relaxed environmental regulations.
Which of the following was NOT a common problem listed with LCAs? (Lesson 6)
LCAs are still uncommon and not conducted frequently enough.
Figure 3 shows the carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere from the different sources. In 1900 the greatest CO2 emissions were from _________. (Lesson 4)
Land Use Change
Put the growing phases of a corn plant in chronologically order. (Lesson 7)
1. Germination 2. Vegetative Growth 3. Reproductive Development
Put the steps a corn kernel takes to become ethanol fuel in order. (Lesson 18)
1. Milling 2. Cooking and liquefacation 3. Saccharification 4. Fermentation 5. Distillation
Put these events from the Vaagen Brothers harvesting video (first video) in order: (Lesson 13)
1. Trees are selectively harvested. 2. Skidder moves trees to processor. 3. Trees are delimbed, cut to length, and sorted. 4. Logs are loaded onto the truck and transported to the sawmill.
A person has an annual carbon footprint of 20,000 lbs CO2/year (typical for US). Over its lifetime, a tree in a forest will capture an average of 200 lbs CO2/year. How many of these average trees would be required to capture the carbon emitted by one person in one year? (Lesson 17)
100 trees
In 2017 the US had about __________ million bushels of corn in surplus (termed carry out). (Lesson 10)
2500
Which of the following is true? (Lesson 19)
Both statements are true.
Countries in Europe (primarily the UK) are using biomass from the US because ___________. (Lesson 23)
Europe has a mandate for renewable energy
If we want to create chemicals, the only step we need is a thermal pathway like combustion, gasification, or pyrolysis. (Lesson 21)
False
In the United States, paper is primarily made from trees specifically harvested for papermaking. (Lesson 16)
False
Most paper is produced using mechanical pulping. (Lesson 16)
False
Mr. Green suggested that the only problem with Mass Timber Construction is that it will lead to deforestation. (Lesson 15)
False
True or False? Figure 2 in the reading for the lesson suggests that cement consumption in the wealthy nations is going up over time. (Lesson 2)
False
Which of the following best describes the term 'attribution of impacts'? (Lesson 17)
Impacts from harvesting a tree should be divided between the different wood products.
Which of the following are true about fermentation? Select all that apply. (Lesson 18)
It is the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms It's a type of respiration that happens in anaerobic conditions It can be used to make a wide variety of bioproducts It can be used to make beer
Why is fire not an issue in Mass Timber Construction? (Lesson 15)
Large lumber does not easily start on fire (think logs).
Fiber Saturation Point is when ______________________. (Lesson 14)
Lumen is empty and cell walls are saturated
Mechanical pulping produces weaker paper than chemical pulping because: (Lesson 16)
Mechanical methods physically tear the fibers from one another
Biogas is a mixture of gases. What is the primary component of biogas? (Lesson 25)
Methane
What are some key factors that must be regulated and monitored in the fermentation tank? Select all that apply. (Lesson 19)
Nutrient levels Temperature pH Pressure
Why is thinning used in forest management? (Lesson 8)
Reduce the competition to allow for the remaining trees to grow bigger
Green liquor is best described as: (Lesson 16)
Spent cooking chemicals after their contained lignin is burnt
Katie talked about a book (actually 2 books) that are used heavily in forest resource management. These books provide: (Lesson 8)
The details of each tree species
What fueled the Great Hinckley Fire? (Lesson 9)
The dried tree branches and needles leftover (called slash) after clear cutting.
A farm exclusively grows soybeans in 2017. The following year, on the exact same area of land, they only grow corn. This is an example of crop rotation. True or false: This is also an example of a monoculture. (Lesson 10)
True
According to the Government Effectiveness map, Brazil is more corrupt than China. (Lesson 26)
True
Dr. Friedland suggested that Small-scale agriculture has a lower energy subsidy than industrial, large-scale agriculture. (Lesson 11)
True
Environmental certification is typically voluntary - companies and producers can choose if they want to comply. (Lesson 12)
True
One consequence of climate change is longer growing seasons in northern climates. (Lesson 5)
True
The study by Berkeley National Lab suggested that in comparing LCA of building materials, the functional unit comparison must be based on similar heating and cooling requirements for the buildings. (Lesson 17)
True
True or False: According to this lecture, electricity from wood is better than coal if forests are managed properly. (Lesson 23)
True
True or False: RFS2 requires the same amount of corn based ethanol in 2022 as in 2017. (Lesson 24)
True
True or False: Some countries in Europe are purchasing wood pellets from the United States. (Lesson 22)
True
True or False? The US is a net exporter of iron ore. (Lesson 1)
True
True or False? As the kernel stages progress, the moisture content inside of the kernel decreases (AKA the kernels become drier). (Lesson 7)
True
True or False? Forest area in the United States has been stable (even increasing slightly) for the past 100 years. (Lesson 9)
True
True or False? Water vapor is considered a greenhouse gas. (Lesson 4)
True
In the deck board comparison, the GHG emissions (or global warming potential) is more for the _____________. (Lesson 17)
Wood Plastic Composite
Production of cereal grains is becoming more efficient. We are getting more grain per area of cropland. How much yield increase has occurred since 1960? (Lesson 11)
about 175%
Of all the material processed at an average U.S. sawmill, what percent goes on to become non-lumber products like paper, particleboard, and mulch? (Lesson 13)
about 35%
In general about 99% of the harvested wood in US is used for some purpose (nothing wasted). How much of the wood in an average sawmill is processed into lumber? (Lesson 13)
about 50%
Strain is a term used to describe (Lesson 14)
change in length relative to the original dimension
From Austin's video, we can conclude that wood makes for a great construction material because the xylem area of a tree is ____________ . (Lesson 7)
large and strong
In most electric power plants ______________ is used to turn the turbine blades. (Lesson 23)
steam
Pelletizing wood is especially important if _____________________. (Lesson 23)
the wood is transported long distances
About _________________ of MSW is biomass (organic). (Lesson 25)
60%
The Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) is an international certification system. Which two organizations implement the PEFC system in the United States? Select both. (Lesson 12)
American Tree Farm System (ATFS) Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI)
Which of the following energy input categories is the largest for a dedicated wood to pellet plant? (Lesson 23)
Drying and milling processing
Life cycle assessment (LCA) can analyze a wide range of environmental and health impacts. Which of these are impacts that could be evaluated with an LCA? (Lesson 6)
Eutrophication Potential, Ozone destruction, Ocean acidification potential, Human health, Climate change potential
"Carbon sequestration" is defined by Wikipedia as "a process where carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in a liquid or solid form." Planting trees are often used as a good example of carbon sequestration. Why is this not really true? (Lesson 17)
Eventually the carbon captured by a tree gets back to the atmosphere.
True or False: The EPA has declared that wood to electricity is not carbon neutral. (Lesson 23)
False
What does "energy subsidy" mean? (Lesson 11)
The amount of energy required for each calorie of food produced.
Ethanol from corn is sometimes referred to as a first generation biofuel. (Lesson 24)
True
Which of the following are reasons we shouldn't just stop consuming palm oil altogether? (select all that apply) (Lesson 26)
Millions of people depend on palm oil production to earn a living. Studies have shown that sustainable palm oil is a more environmentally-friendly biodiesel option than vegetable oil. Palm oil is a unique food ingredient that can't always be replaced. Palm trees produce 4-10 times more oil than other crops per area. If we switched to soybean or rapeseed oil, more acres would have to go into production.
Which has the highest EROIel? (Lesson 23)
Natural gas to electricity
According to the Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise, the vast majority of wood produced in economically advanced countries is used for firewood. (Lesson 9)
False
All of the nitrogen that is applied to a field as fertilizer is taken up and used by the crop. (Lesson 11)
False
Bio-oils produced from pyrolysis have the same chemical structure as oils produced from petroleum. (Lesson 21)
False
Biodegradable plastics are chemically identical to traditional plastics. (Lesson 20)
False
Biomass to electricity in the US is important from a national security perspective. (Lesson 23)
False
Biorenewable resources are a subset of non-renewable resources.
False
In Hans Rosling's video he suggested that the growth in population by the poorest people would result in the biggest increase in energy use. (Lesson 2)
False
More plastic was produced by mass in 2015 than any other material. (Lesson 20)
False
Most certifying bodies keep their records private so there is no way to double check if a company is certified. (Lesson 12)
False
Most of the energy inputs for ethanol production are from the production of the corn. (Lesson 24)
False
Only since the industrial age has there been greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. (Lesson 5)
False
Setting of the "system or study boundaries" is part of the "impact assessment" step of the LCA. (Lesson 6)
False
The United States imports most of our fossil fuel energy. (Lesson 22)
False
The cambium layer is near the center of the tree. (Lesson 7)
False
The rate of global plastic production (mass per year) is expected to stay the same over the next 50 years. (Lesson 20)
False
The understanding of how greenhouse gases trap energy is a relatively new theory that scientists have been evaluating since about 1980. (Lesson 5)
False
True or False: Developed countries like the U.S. and those in the European Union have nothing to do with illegal logging in tropical countries. (Lesson 26)
False
True or False: Ethanol from corn is a bad idea because it competes with food production and increases food prices. (Lesson 24)
False
True or false: Food scraps contain less energy per ton than manure. (Lesson 25)
False
True or false? The dried distillers grains (DDGs) leftover from ethanol production are most commonly used as a source of energy to power the distillation process. (Lesson 19)
False
Wood from short rotation woody crops is used for a variety of purposes including lumber, paper, and energy. (Lesson 8)
False
"Dovetail Partners" is a sustainable forest think tank located in California. (Lesson 8)
False - Minneapolis, MN
Which of the following might a farmer consider when making planting decision? Select all that apply. (Lesson 10)
Fertilizer prices Which crop will be profitable Data from precision agriculture Crop rotations
How does biomass break down during pyrolysis? (Lesson 21)
Gas bubbles form inside the biomass cell walls, expanding until they burst.
Which of the following are thermochemical conversion processes? Select all that apply. (Lesson 21)
Gasification Combustion Pyrolysis
Can I drive farther on one gallon of gasoline or one gallon of ethanol? (Lesson 24)
Gasoline
When we think about consumption of resources there is both indirect and direct consumption. Match the following: (Lesson 2)
Gasoline in our car - direct Electricity for our home - direct Copper for the electric wires along the road - indirect concrete used in the roadway - indirect toothpaste - direct
In many of the readings in forestry you will see the term "roundwood". This term refers to (Lesson 8)
Generally any wood that is cut and has a round cross section.
What host organism did they use in the video to produce the green fluorescent protein (GFP)? (Lesson 19)
Genetically modified E. coli
When Dr. Howe said "When forests are valuable, we tend to have forests." What was he talking about? (Katie Fernholz also discussed this concept in her video) (Lesson 9)
If people buy and use wood products, we will have more trees.
Figure 2 was meant to show: (Lesson 5)
Including human greenhouse gas emissions and land use changes improved the computer model's predictions of global temperatures.
A group called the International Panel on Climate Change released a report in 2018 that outlined some likely impacts of a 1.5 degree change in global temperature. Which of these is NOT one of their concerns? (Lesson 5)
Increasing rainfall across the southern hemisphere
Which two countries are the world's top palm oil producers? (Lesson 26)
Indonesia Malaysia
Which best describes the concept "it takes resources to extract resources"? (Lesson 3)
It takes water and fossil fuels to extract minerals or fossil fuels.
Match the stages of life cycle. (Lesson 3)
Mining of iron ore - Extraction Making steel from iron ore - Production Recycling a car - End of life Driving a car - Use Building a car - Production
What are some benefits to palm oil? (Lesson 26)
More oil per acre than other crops Provides jobs in some very poor countries. Possibly more environmental damage by having to produce the oil from other crops. Unique ingredients not found in other oils
What example was used to explain the concept 'it takes more resources to extract more resources"? (Lesson 3)
Mountaintop coal mining
According to Katie Fernholz, what percent of corn and soybeans produced in the US are genetically modified? (Lesson 10)
Over 80%
What is pesticide resistance? (Lesson 11)
Over repeated applications, the pest population becomes less and less susceptible to the pesticide.
An example of a type of biodegradable plastic is: (Lesson 20)
PLA
What is the most commonly used wood for construction in the US? (Lesson 13)
Pine
Which of the following are included in the lumber production LCA mentioned in the lesson? Select all that apply. (Lesson 13)
Plastic packaging waste Fossil fuel use by the sawmill Fossil fuels use by the trucks/trains that transport lumber
Match the following: (Lesson 15)
Plywood - Layers of thin wood in opposite direction. OSB - Made with small wood strands/flakes. Glulam - Good material for creative design with shapes. Densified Wood - Very new product still in development.
How is lumber pressure treated? (Lesson 13)
Preservatives are forced into the wood under vacuum and pressure
Match the following bodies to their role in the third-party certification process. (Lesson 12)
Producer/company - Seeks to get their product certified Certification body - Audits a company to see if their activities/products are in-line with the standards Standard-setting body - Determines which requirements a product must meet to become certified.
Match the following wood applications to the type of mechanical properties required. (Lesson 14)
Railroad ties - Compression perpendicular to grain. Wood flooring - Hardness Wood beam support beneath the deck - Bending strength
Identify the following as weather or climate events. (Lesson 5)
Record low temperatures on Jan 31, 2019 - Weather Flooding in Indonesia Oct. 2018- Weather Average nighttime low temperatures are increasing in Minnesota in the winter - Climate The frequency of droughts in Texas is increasing - Climate
Match the terms with the definitions. (Lesson 6)
Refers to defining the product or system we are studying. - Function Unit Collecting all of the data that is needed for an LCA - Inventory Analysis Where the LCA begins and ends in terms of scope. - System Boundary
What two reasons were given in the lesson for the failure of the Prom Deck? (Lesson 14)
Rotten structural components Exceeded maximum load
Match the forest harvest methods to their names. (Lesson 13)
Selection harvest - Small groups of trees in a given area are harvested over many years. Clearcutting - All trees in a large forested area are removed. Shelterwood harvest - Mature trees are removed in two or three harvests over a period of 10 to 15 years.
Near the end of the discussion Kim suggested that where you live has a large part to play in your carbon footprint. What was she referring to? (Lesson 6)
Some areas of the country have cleaner elctricity.
I always forget . . . what is the term used for the force applied and is in units of lbs per area? (Lesson 14)
Stress
Katie tells us the two most important factors in where forests can grow are: (Lesson 8)
Temperatures Amount of precipitation
Which of the following are issues that result from all of a monoculture being harvested at once? (Lesson 11)
The barren field is vulnerable to soil erosion Removing the plants removes nutrients from the system
What is the purpose of transesterification? (Lesson 21)
To chemically modify vegetable oil to improve its fuel properties.
Which of the following best explains why trees have a higher lignin content than lettuce? (Lesson 7)
Trees grow much taller than lettuce and need the additional structural support.
In US, plywood layers are typically made up of softwood. (Lesson 15)
True
In general, about half of the US CO2 emissions are from buildings. (Lesson 15)
True
Stover includes the leaves and stalks of the corn plant, but does not include the corn kernels. (Lesson 18)
True
The American Tree Farm Certification system mostly deals with family-owned forestlands. (Lesson 12)
True
Match the eco-label type to the meaning. (Lesson 12)
Type I - The product/company has been audited and certified by an independent third party. Type II - The company published their standards and self-certified the product. Type III - The certification is based on Life Cycle Assessment.
What was one of the reasons, cited in the text, that there was a spike in oil prices in the 1970's? (Lesson 3)
US oil production slowed
Where is Michael Green's company located? (Lesson 15)
Vancouver
On average, each person in the US consumes about ________ lbs of mineral, metal, and fossil resources per year. (Lesson 2)
about 40,000 lbs
Assume the world population at the end of 2017 was 7.4 billion people. The population growth rate in 2018 is 1.07%. How many more people were on the planet at the end of 2018? (Lesson 2)
about 80 million more
One enhancement of particle board over lumber and plywood is _________. (Lesson 15)
more uniform
Organic waste that could be digested includes: (check all that apply) (Lesson 25)
paper food manure human waste
In the NASA video showing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere (A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2) the red colors in the northern hemisphere start to fade (concentrations are reduced) because of ____________. (Lesson 4)
plant uptake of carbon dioxide
Plants take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere because of photosynthesis. Living plants also put carbon dioxide back in the atmosphere through a process called _____________. (Lesson 4)
respiration
What were some of the other benefits that trees provide (other than wood products)? (Lesson 9)
scenic beauty pollinator habitat wildlife habitat rainwater filtration
Which of the following cell type is like conduit for water movement? (Lesson 14)
tracheid
Paper is made from pulp of primarily which part of the plant (wood) materials? (Lesson 16)
tracheids
What was the current R/P ratio for crude oil in 2010? (Lesson 2)
about 43 years
The most widely produced plastic in 2015 was (Lesson 20)
polyethylene
It is estimated that there are about 20 lbs of CO2e per gallon of milk. Coke has a footprint of about 250 g CO2e/liter. Both evaluations were 'cradle to grave,' but we still have a problem with the comparison because they are in different units. What is milk's carbon footprint in g CO2e/liter (rounded)? (Lesson 6)
2400 g CO2e/liter
Assume the Proven Reserves of the mineral bambium are 50 tons and the consumption rate of bambium is 2 tons per year. What is the R/P ratio? (Lesson 2)
25 years
How much of the US GHG emissions are from transportation? (Lesson 22)
28%
If you watch the animation called "Pumphandle", it tracks CO2 concentrations back 800,000 years. In the animation, pre-industrial concentrations were about ___________. (Lesson 4)
280 ppm
The US imports about _______% of the copper it consumes. (Lesson 1)
30%
In an earlier lesson you learned about the history of the transition from wood to oil and coal as the primary fuel source. Since about 1800 there has been a 33% increase in carbon dioxide levels, globally. During this time period concentrations went from about ________________ to ______________. (Lesson 5)
300 ppm to 400 ppm
The global temperatures in the last ice age were about _______degrees Celcius cooler than current global temperature of 15C. (Lesson 5)
4
Over time, our efficiency of wood use has increased. We've come up with lots of ways to turn sawdust, woodchips, and scraps into usable products instead of throwing them away. Nowadays, what percent of a harvest log is used? (Lesson 9)
99%
Based on the NIH graphic, what is a plasmid? (Lesson 19)
A loop of bacterial DNA that we can insert our desired gene into
What is a biorefinery? (Lesson 21)
A range of technologies used to break down biomass into its building block components which can then be converted to value-added products.
According to the 2017 U.S. Energy Information Administration's report on proven crude oil reserves by country, the top two countries are 1. Venezuela and 2. Saudi Arabia. Which country ranks third for largest volume of proven reserves?
Canada
Black liquor can be best described as: (Lesson 16)
Cooking liquid containing broken-down lignin
Which of the following is more commonly used as a source of sugar for the production of bioproducts? (Lesson 18)
Corn starch
Match the BMP to its definition. (Lesson 11)
Cover crops - Using plants to provide seasonal cover when the soil would otherwise be bare Nutrient management - Applying the right type of fertilizer at the right time in the right place Crop rotation - Rotating which crop is planted in the field each year Conservation tillage - Leaving crop residue on the soil surface Contour buffer strip - Strips of perennial vegetation planted between bands of crops
What are some features that engineered wood products could have that improve on conventional lumber? Select all that apply. (Lesson 15)
Dimensional stability Aesthetics Size Durability
According to Dave Morris's 'The Once and Future Carbohydrate Economy', "In 1820, Americans used two tons of [plant matter] for every one ton of [coal/oil]... But by 1975 Americans used ________ ton(s) of [coal/oil] for every one ton of [plant matter]." (Lesson 1)
Eight
There was a rather mixed message in the video regarding hand drying. Tim suggested that they are about equal and dependent on where the electricity comes from or where the trees were grown and what environmental impact was most important. However, near the end of the lecture Emily and Katie presented a study that did a complete LCA on three hand drying methods. What was the conclusion of the study Emily and Katie found? (Lesson 6)
Electric hand dryers (such as Dyson) were best
What are the options for using biogas? Select all that apply. (Lesson 25)
Electricity Production (CHP) Direct Heating Upgrade it and put it in the natural gas pipeline
What are people most concerned about when they are arguing "Not in my backyard"? (Lesson 3)
local environmental issues
An example of impact bending would be: (Lesson 14)
Baseball hitting a bat
Which of the following are concerns with waste to energy systems? (select all that apply) (Lesson 25)
Odor Air pollution Traffic
During photosynthesis, how many sugar molecules are made from 6 carbon dioxide molecules + 6 water molecules? (Lesson 7)
1
In the video Hans talked about the 4 billion people that live between the poverty line and "the airline". Of these 4 billion about how many people have washing machines? (Lesson 2)
1 billion
Amazingly, about ____________% of the global energy comes from biomass. (Lesson 22)
10%
What is the operating temperature of most anaerobic digesters? (Lesson 25)
100 F
Global energy use is about 500 quadrillion BTUs. The United States uses about 20% of this energy. How many BTUs is that? (Lesson 22)
100 quadrillion BTUs
The topic of biorenewable resources draws on information from all over the world. As such, sometimes the measurements we use are in metric (e.g. kilogram, meter) and other times standard units (e.g. lbs, feet). Anything about the carbon cycle is done in the metric system. "Tons" in the carbon cycle refers to metric tons. How much is a metric ton? (Lesson 4)
1000 kilograms
How much of the energy used in the United States comes from renewable energy sources? (Lesson 22)
11%
Since this class is about biorenewable resources (stuff from plants) it is good to note that plants take up carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. According to Figure 1, how much carbon do plants take up through photosynthesis? (Lesson 4)
123 billion metric tons
The RFS2 calls for _____________ billion gallons of ethanol from corn in 2022. (Lesson 24)
15
The amount of carbon dioxide captured by a tree per year is a function of many things. When a tree is small it might just be a few pounds of carbon dioxide per year. When a tree is older it may be 500 pounds of CO2 per year. What might we use as an average rate of carbon dioxide capture for an assumed life span of 40 years? (Lesson 17)
200 lbs per year
Why is there more than one forest certification system? (Lesson 12)
Because forest certification is a private, market-driven issue.
Why is fermentation considered an "upstream" biotechnology process? (Lesson 19)
Because it occurs before recovery, purification, and packaging
Why do we want to get simple sugars out of biomass? (Lesson 18)
Because simple sugars are the building blocks we use to create bioproducts
How does bio-PET differs from PET? (Lesson 20)
Bio-PET is made from biomass.
Match the following: (Lesson 22)
Biofuel - transporation Bioenergy - heat, electricity, transportation Biopower - electricity and heat Biomass - feedstock
In the paper life-cycle, dioxins are formed during: (Lesson 16)
Bleaching of wood pulp
One of the big environmental issues with mining of metals is the tailing ponds. What are "tailings"? (Lesson 3)
The leftover crushed rock after the metals are extracted.
Which of the following has the biggest impact on a home or office building? (Lesson 17)
The resources used during building occupancy
Pretty cool the way they can take a round log and get a bunch of rectangular lumber. The pattern of the cut is determined primarily by ____________. (Lesson 13)
economics (yield)
Concerns with the use and disposal of traditional plastics include (select all that apply): (Lesson 20)
harmful to the health of aquatic organisms use of non-renewable resources as feedstock toxicity of additives
In order to meet the global demands of our growing population, the number of acres of cereal cropland has _____________ since 1960. (Lesson 11)
increased by about 15%
According to the lecture an LCA provides _____________ (Lesson 6)
information to assess the environmental impact of a product or service
In Chapter 7 they cited a study that looked at the recycling rates of 60 different metals. They found that the recycling rate for over half of them was ___________. (Lesson 3)
less than 1%