BCE 512 Midterm

You are working with an ethnic minority client who is silent during the initial phase of counseling. This silence is probably best interpreted as: - a response consistent with his or her cultural context. - a manifestation of uncooperative behavior -resistance -a clear sign that counseling will not work.

- a response consistent with his or her cultural context.

Which humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the core of the therapeutic process? - person centered therapy -psychoanalytic therapy -cognitive-behavioral therapy -Alderian therapy -family therapy

- person centered therapy

Which of the following statements best describes the author's view of the medical model? -The medical model is especially relevant for culturally diverse client populations. -Corey appreciates the focus on psychopathology and believes it gives clinicians the tools to assess what's wrong with clients. -The medical model emphasizes strengths and competencies rather than psychopathology. -A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths.

-A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths.

Which of these statements about interventions is true? -You should only use counseling interventions when you are certified or licensed. -It is helpful to use one type of intervention with most clients. -During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times. -It is best to require clients to adapt to your approach to counseling and the interventions that you are skilled at using.

-During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times.

Francesca, a cognitive behavioral therapist, likes to give homework assignments to her clients. What might her rationale be for doing this? She is probably a novice therapist who is insecure about her skills; thus, by assigning homework, she may feel like she is being more productive. -Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy. -By assigning homework to her clients, she establishes her clear authority over them (as if she is their teacher). -In order to be reimbursed by insurance companies, Francesca is required to give her clients homework assignments.

-Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy.

Q Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/ psychotherapy is true? -Theoretical pluralism has been frowned on by several major professional organizations. -There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society. -Accepting the validity of one model implies rejecting the validity of other models. -Extensive research has shown that certain popular models of psychotherapy are "wrong."

-There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society.

the author makes a case for: -initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach. -the reader to choose the approach to which s/he subscribes. -learning the theories of counseling only after starting to work with clients in order to make the theories more relevant. -delving deeply into one approach initially and then taking a superficial look at other theoretical models.

-initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach.

Synthesizing the approaches covered in the text -:rarely, if ever, happens and is a completely unrealistic goal. -can easily be accomplished after taking an introductory course. -is usually mastered by the end of the first year of one's graduate program. -often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience.

-often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience.

Effective psychotherapy is a practice in which: -the client is in complete control of the direction of the therapy. -the therapist solves problems for clients. -the therapist is merely a skilled technician. -the client and therapist collaborate in co-constructing solutions to problems.

-the client and therapist collaborate in co-constructing solutions to problems.

The author describes the characteristics of an effective counselor. By including this information in the chapter, he is hoping to convey the message that: -if you do not possess all of these characteristics, you are doomed to fail in the helping professions -.deficits in these qualities almost always require years of psychoanalysis. -you should develop your own concept of what personality traits you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth. -those who possess all of these qualities can bypass the requirement to participate in clinical supervision.

-you should develop your own concept of what personality traits you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth.

Reality therapy applies the principles of learning to the resolution of specific behavioral problems.

False

Therapists should not admit their mistakes since that could diminish their clients' confidence in them.

False

During an initial session, an adolescent girl tells you that she is pregnant and is considering an abortion. Which of the following would be the most ethical and professional course for you to follow? Encourage her to get the abortion as soon as possible, without exploring any other option. Steer her toward having her baby and then consider adoption for her baby. Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values. Suggest that she go to church and pray about her situation.

Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values.

Counselors from all cultural groups must examine their expectations, attitudes, biases, and assumptions about the counseling process and about persons from diverse groups.

True

What is the goal of Jungian analytical therapy? a. The transformation of personality b. Gaining pleasure and avoiding pain as perceived by every individual c. The resolution of immediate problems d. Improving interpersonal relationships and symptom remission Hide Feedback

a. The transformation of personality

What is the main challenge of therapists using the social media? a. To consider the changes in the complex interaction between privacy and boundaries b. To deny friend requests, especially when clients have chances of knowing about their family and relationships c. To face privacy issues when maintaining multiple relationships d. To share information online to clients

a. To consider the changes in the complex interaction between privacy and boundaries

In many mental health settings, clinicians are pressured to use interventions that a. are brief and standardized. b. are research supported even if they are lengthy. c. focus on early childhood experiences. d. tap into unconscious dynamics.

a. are brief and standardized.

According to the text, research shows that counselor values influence: -therapy goals. -assessment strategies. -treatment outcome. -all of these -none of these

all of these

In working with culturally diverse clients, it helps to understand and assess: - the attitudes these clients have about seeking counseling for their personal problems. - the degree of acculturation that has taken place. - the messages they received from their culture about asking for professional health. -what clients expect from counseling - all of these

all of these

It is especially important for counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations to: -examine their own assumptions about cultural values -.have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility. -consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate.be aware of their own cultural heritage. -all of these

all of these

Personal therapy for therapists can be instrumental in assisting them: to work through their own personal conflicts. to understand their own needs and motives for choosing to become professional helpers. to gain an experiential sense of what it is like to be a client. to heal their own psychological wounds. all of these

all of these

What type of factors oftentimes limit our freedom of choice? social biological environmental cultural all of these

all of these

According to Erickson's developmental model, which of the following is equivalent to a turning point in life when we have the potential to move forward or to regress? a. A source of conflict b. A crisis c. An instinct d. A sense of autonomy

b. A crisis

Which of the following models emphasizes the importance of being aware of unintentional bias and keeping an open mind to the presence of distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns that could influence the diagnostic process? a. Evidence-based practice b. DSM-5 c. Contemporary psychotherapy d. Analytical psychotherapy

b. DSM-5

Which of the following statements about diagnosis is not true? a. Diagnosis may include an explanation of the causes of the client's difficulties. b. Diagnosis is always a part of the assessment process in counseling. c. The purpose of diagnosis in counseling and psychotherapy is to identify disruptions in a client's present behavior and lifestyle. d. Diagnosis consists of identifying a specific mental disorder based on a pattern of symptoms

b. Diagnosis is always a part of the assessment process in counseling.

Which of the following processes in the client-therapist relationship may refer to saying whatever comes to mind without self-censorship? a. Transference b. Free association c. Hypnosis d. Dream Analysis

b. Free association

According to which psychoanalytical view, three areas of personal and social development are grounded in the first six years of life? a. Jungian b. Freudian c. Relational d. Erickson's

b. Freudian

Which of the following ego-defensive mechanisms attributes to self-deception? a. Introjection b. Projection c. Displacement d. Repression

b. Projection

__________ is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material. a. Analysis b. Resistance c. Dream work d. Interpretation

b. Resistance

Psychodynamic therapists are likely to do all of the following except a. remain alert to transference manifestations. b. explore the clients' past only. c. offer interpretations to defenses and resistance. d. are concerned with unconscious material

b. explore the clients' past only.

Paula recently discovered that two of her clients that she sees individually had a stormy relationship in the past. She is wondering whether she can remain objective in working with them. Paula should do all of the following, except a. discussing options with other professionals to get their perspectives. b. first informing both clients of her issue. c. brainstorming various possible courses of action. d. looking at the relevant ethics codes for general guidance on the matter.

b. first informing both clients of her issue.

The ACA Code of Ethics stresses that counseling professionals must learn how to a. sensitively confront colleagues who are juggling multiple roles. b. manage multiple roles and responsibilities in an ethical way. c. eliminate multiple roles altogether in order to keep boundaries from becoming blurred. d. file ethics complaints when they witness a colleague engaging in various professional roles.

b. manage multiple roles and responsibilities in an ethical way.

The working-through process allows clients to complete all of the following except a. become accepting of their defensive structure. b. repeat and explore conscious events of the past that are pleasant. c. understand that a change can be beneficial in the present. d. recognize that their way of being may have served a purpose in the past.

b. repeat and explore conscious events of the past that are pleasant.

An authentic counselor is best described as: .being willing to be totally open and self-disclosing .being a technical expert who is committed to objectivity. being willing to shed stereotyped roles and being a real person. having the highest regard for all clients.

being willing to shed stereotyped roles and being a real person.

Generally speaking, the concept of privileged communication applies to which of the following? a. Group counseling b. Couples counseling and family therapy c. Individual counseling d. Child and adolescent therapy

c. Individual counseling

Who among the following put value on not knowing and approach clients with genuine curiosity? a. Id psychologists b. Self-psychologists c. Relational analysts d. Jungian analysts

c. Relational analysts

What is the primary rationale of conducting a comprehensive assessment of the client as the initial step in the therapeutic process? a. Therapists are protected from being sued for malpractice. b. Insurance companies require clinicians to submit the assessment in order to fully reimburse them for services. c. Specific counseling goals cannot be formulated and appropriate treatment strategies cannot be designed until a client's past and present functioning is understood. d. It offers inexperienced therapists a concrete framework from which to practice but not for seasoned clinicians who can quickly assess the client's problem.

c. Specific counseling goals cannot be formulated and appropriate treatment strategies cannot be designed until a client's past and present functioning is understood.

Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding ethics codes? a. They are becoming so specific that they have nearly eliminated the need for practitioners to use critical thinking skills and clinical judgment when faced with ethical issues. b. They are so general that they are of little, if any, use to clinicians. c. They are best used as guidelines to formulate sound reasoning and serve practitioners in making the best judgments possible. d. They are intended to provide ready-made answers for the ethical dilemmas that practitioners will encounter.

c. They are best used as guidelines to formulate sound reasoning and serve practitioners in making the best judgments possible.

How best can multiple relationship issues be resolved if they are unavoidable for therapists? a. Strictly adhering to ethics codes b. Recognizing potential conflicts of interest c. Thinking through all the ethical and clinical dimensions involved in a range of boundary concerns d. Considering overlapping roles on a case-by-case basis

c. Thinking through all the ethical and clinical dimensions involved in a range of boundary concerns

The process by which the latent content of a dream is transformed into the less threatening manifest content is called a. manifest content. b. latent content. c. dream work. d. transference.

c. dream work.

Dr. Hernandez has been invited to the wedding of her client Cynthia. If she accepts the invitation, Dr. Hernandez will be a. acting unethically. b. breaking the law and could spend some time in jail. c. engaging in a boundary crossing. d. committing a boundary violation.

c. engaging in a boundary crossing.

Except for _______________________, which is unequivocally unethical, there is not much consensus regarding the appropriate way to deal with multiple relationships. a. sexual attraction to clients b. socializing with clients c. sexual intimacy with current clients d. bartering with clients (e.g., goods for services)

c. sexual intimacy with current clients

In the text, all of the following are listed as characteristics of the counselor as a therapeutic person except: counselors appreciate the influence of culture. counselors feel alive and their choices are life-oriented. counselors no longer have to cope with personal problems. counselors have a sense of humor. counselors make mistakes and they are willing to admit them.

counselors no longer have to cope with personal problems.

Jung refers to which of the following as the deepest and least accessible level of the psyche? a. Individuation b. Dream work c. Shadow d. Collective unconscious

d. Collective unconscious

Which of the following approaches focus on ego psychology, object-relations interpersonal approaches, self-psychology, and relational approaches? a. Classic psychoanalytic approaches b. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches c. Conceptual approaches d. Contemporary psychoanalytic approaches

d. Contemporary psychoanalytic approaches

_________ is an important procedure for uncovering unconscious material and giving the client insight into some areas of unresolved problems. a. Interpretation b. Countertransference c. Transference d. Dream Analysis

d. Dream Analysis

What is a basic tenet of forming psychodynamic therapy groups? a. Expressing emotions or feelings with an individual stance b. Sharing personal experiences c. Applying countertransference d. Recreating their social situation

d. Recreating their social situation

Which of the following is not one of the three pillars of EBP? a. Relying on clinical expertise b. Taking into consideration the client's characteristics, culture, and preferences c. Looking for the best available research d. Relying on the best available legal advice

d. Relying on the best available legal advice

Kendra is a biracial client who presents as being reserved and passive and who makes minimal eye contact. Her therapist should a. view Kendra's behavior as resistance to the therapeutic process. b. diagnose Kendra as being depressed. c. confront Kendra immediately to ensure that future sessions are more productive. d. consider that Kendra's behavior and mannerisms may reflect distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns.

d. consider that Kendra's behavior and mannerisms may reflect distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns.

David is a counselor trainee who is working in a mental health center under the supervision of Dr. Garcia. In order to behave in an ethical manner, David should: a. ask Dr. Garcia to sit in on every session he conducts to ensure that he is developing competence. b. not reveal to his clients that he is a trainee under supervision so as to prevent them from questioning his competence, which could undermine the therapeutic process. c. refuse to work with actual clients until he is a highly competent therapist. d. inform his clients at the outset of counseling that he plans to consult with his supervisor Dr. Garcia in order to ensure that he is providing them with high-quality care.

d. inform his clients at the outset of counseling that he plans to consult with his supervisor Dr. Garcia in order to ensure that he is providing them with high quality care.

A primary aim of psychodynamic approaches is a. to lead a client to solve his or her problems the way the therapist wants him or her to solve them. b. to decrease the client's need to solve his or her own problems. c. to foster clients' capacities to expect others to solve their own problems. d. to foster clients' capacities to solve their own problems.

d. to foster clients' capacities to solve their own problems.

Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action-oriented therapies? cognitive therapy existential therapy reality therapy behavior therapy rational emotive behavior therapy

existential therapy- feelings, human existence (choice freedom).

'Freud's developmental model is an elaborate explanation of human nature that combines ideas from history, mythology, anthropology, and religion.

false

Counselors need not discuss with their clients at the onset the issues related to privacy and confidentiality regarding the use of technology.

false

Ego psychology is not part of classical psychoanalysis with the emphasis placed on the vocabulary of id, ego, and superego.

false

If we are inauthentic, it is unlikely that our clients will detect it.

false

In all cases, therapists need to create therapeutic strategies that are congruent with the range of values and behaviors that are characteristic of human development.

false

It is recommended that counselors should resolve all potential ethical problem areas before they begin to practice.

false

It is unethical for counselors to meet their personal needs through their professional work.

false

Mandatory ethics is a higher level of ethical practice that addresses doing what is in the best interests of clients.

false

Practitioners must have had the same experiences as their clients in order to have empathy for them.

false

Ruled by the pleasure principle, which is aimed at reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure, the ego is illogical, amoral, and driven to satisfy instinctual needs.

false

Since Corey challenges the deterministic notion that humans are the product of their early conditioning and, thus, are victims of their past, he believes that an exploration of the past is rarely useful.

false

Techniques can counteract a client-therapist relationship that is lacking in certain respects.

false

The phallic stage of early development deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy.

false

The therapist's countertransference reactions are abnormal because all therapists should have resolved all conflicts and personal vulnerabilities that could be activated through their professional work while in school.

false

Therapists need to be free of conflicts before they can counsel others.

false

Those practicing brief therapy are in business to change clients, to give them quick advice, and to solve their problems for them.

false

Which one of the following is not considered an experiential and relationship-oriented therapy? Gestalt therapy person-centered approach existential approach family systems therapy

family systems therapy

A comprehensive approach to counseling: -goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systemic realities that influence us. -focuses primarily on the therapist's internal reactions to the client's behavior. -focuses only on systemic factors. -focuses almost exclusively on the client's internal dynamics.

goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systemic realities that influence us

Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis? -family systems therapy -cognitive therapy -Adlerian therapy -person-centered therapy -reality therapy

person-centered therapy

Clients place more value on ____than on ____ -the therapist's theoretical orientation the quality of the services being provided. -the personality of the therapist the specific techniques used. -the specific techniques used; the personality of the therapist. -the aesthetics of the therapeutic setting; the personality of the therapist.

the personality of the therapist the specific techniques used.

A new set of standards with regard to the use of technology contained in the ACA Code of Ethics includes the distance counseling relationship, maintenance of records, and the use of social media.

true

According to ego-defense mechanisms, denial of reality is a way of distorting what the individual thinks, feels, or perceives in a traumatic situation.

true

An experiential approach is Gestalt therapy, which offers a range of experiments to help clients gain awareness of what they are experiencing in the here and now.

true

An integrative perspective is not developed in a random fashion.

true

An undisciplined mixture of approaches can be an excuse for failing to develop a sound rationale for systematically adhering to certain concepts and to the techniques that are extensions of them.

true

Donald Meichenbaum is a prominent contributor to the development of cognitive behavior therapy.

true

Ego psychology theorists view therapy in terms of assisting clients in gaining awareness of their defenses and helping them develop better ways of coping with these defenses.

true

From a multicultural perspective, assumptions made about mental health, optimum human development, the nature of psychopathology, and the nature of effective treatment may have little relevance for some clients.

true

Ideally, our self-care should mirror the care we provide for others.

true

If you try to figure out in advance how to proceed with a client, you may be depriving the client of the opportunity to become an active partner in her or his own therapy.

true

In classical psychoanalysis, analysts typically avoid engaging in self-disclosure and assume a nonjudgmental stance.

true

Informed consent is a positive approach that helps clients become active partners and true collaborators in their therapy.

true

It is not our function to persuade clients to accept or adopt our value system.

true

Much of effective therapy is the product of artistry.

true

Privileged communication is a legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court without their permission.

true

Psychoanalytically oriented therapy can be made appropriate for culturally diverse populations if techniques are modified to fit the settings in which a therapist practices.

true

Psychotherapy is a process of engagement between two people, both of whom are bound to change through the therapeutic venture.

true

Reality therapy is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present.

true

The Freudian psychoanalytic model mainly postulates life and death instincts.

true

The skill of immediacy involves revealing what we are thinking or feeling in the here and now with the client.

true

Therapists may break confidentiality in cases involving child abuse, abuse of the elderly, and abuse of dependent adults.

true

With respect to mastering the techniques of counseling and applying them appropriately and effectively, it is Corey's belief that you are your own very best technique.

true

Your role as a counselor is to provide a safe and inviting context in which clients can explore the congruence between their values and their behavior.

true