BCOM 1300 Exam 1

5 types of resumes

Functional Reverse chronological Combination Targeted Scannable

What are the organizing principles for a speech? Be able to identify time through elimination from table 12.6. (Will not test on ceremonial through oral interpretation)

Organizing Principle or a core assumption around which everyone else is arranged, depends on the subject matter, the rhetorical situation, and many other factors 1. Time: Structuring your speech by time shows a series of events or steps in a process, which typically has a beginning, middle, and end. "Once upon a time stories" follow a chronological pattern ex: Before the First Transcontinental Railroad, the events that led to its construction, and its impact on early America... 2. Comparison: Structuring your speech by comparison focuses on the similarities and/or differences between points or concepts. ex: A comparison of pre- and post-First Transcontinental Railroad North America, showing how health and life expectancy remained the same 3. Contrast- Structure your speech by using contrasting points highlights the differences between items and concepts. ex: A contrast of pre- and post-First Transcontinental Railroad North America, by shipping times, time it took to communicate via letter, or how long it took to move out West. 4. Cause and Effect- Structuring your speech by cause and effect establishes a relationship between two events or situations, making the connection clear. ex: The movement of people and goods out West grew considerably from 1750 to 1850. With the availability of a new and faster way to go West, people generally supported its construction 5. Problem and Solution: Structuring your speech by problem and solution means you state the problem and detail how it was solved. This approach is effective for persuasive speeches. ex: Manufacturers were producing better goods for less money at the start of the Industrial Revolution, but they lack a fast, effective method of getting their goods to growing markets. The First Transcontinental Railroad gave them speed, economy, and access to new markets. 6. Classification (categorical): Structuring your speech by classification establishes categories. ex: At the time the nation considered the First Transcontinental Railroad, there were three main types of transportation: by water, by horse, and by foot. 7.Biographical: Structuring your speech by biography means examining specific people as they relate to the central topic 8. Space (spatial): Structuring your speech by space involves the parts of something and how they fit 9. Ascending and Descending: Structuring your speech by ascending or descending order involves focusing on quantity and quality. One good story (quality) leads to the larger picture, or the reverse. A day in the life of a traveler in 1800. Incremental developments in transportation to the present, expressed through statistics, graphs, maps and charts 10. Psychological: Structuring your speech on the psychological aspects of the audience involves focusing on their inherent needs and wants. 11. Elimination: Structuring your speech on the psychological aspects of the audience involves focusing on their inherent needs and wants.

Channel

the way in which a message or messages travel between source and receiver - Spoken channels include face-to-face conversations, speeches, telephone conversations and voice mail messages, radio - Written channels include letters, memorandums, purchase orders, invoices, newspaper and magazine articles, blogs, e-mail, text messages, tweets, and so forth

Explain how to create Pivot Tables

- Go to insert tab, select pivot table - Choose fileds - Drag field into column - Click report layout: choose layot: tabular feature

Cite the shortcuts for undo and redo

- At the quick access toolbar - cannot undo or redo deleting a sheet tab

What are the steps of a conclusion?

- Summarize presentation thesis - Review main points - Take-away (residual message) - Include statement or closing thought - Loop it back to introduction

internal noise

Distractions that are occurring internally to receiver Ex: not listening to a lecture because I am tired and her soothing voice is lulling me to sleep

What are dos and don'ts of visual aids (including handouts)?

Here are some dos and don'ts: 1. Do make a clear connection between your words and the visual aid for the audience. 2. Do not distract the audience with your visual aid, blocking their view of you or adjusting the visual aid repeatedly while trying to speak. 3. Do speak to the audience- not to the whiteboard, the video, or other visual aids

Explain how to create a chart

Highlight the data u want to show Alt +F1 creates a clustered column chart (vertical columns) Can change chart theme in design tab by sliding over the designs Alt drag causes the boundaries in chart to match up with cell boundaries In design tab u can change chart type

combination resume

Includes the best aspects of a reverse-chronological resume and a functional resume - Targets employer needs: highlights skills - Shows work ethic: includes reverse-chronological work history

Reverse chronological resume

List work experience from newest to oldest Emphasizes work history: good for professionals with no or few gaps in work experience Shows skills growth: experience should be closely related to job opening

What are the differences between an APA and MLA in-text citation? Can you tell the difference?

MLA uses the author's last name and the page number as reference. APA uses the author's last name and the year of publication, also uses commas ex: - MLA: (Smith 25) - APA: (Smith, 2020)

What are common resume errors?

Not in JSOM format Design issues: Dates or bullets not aligned Headings inconsistent Length issues LinkedIn Link not customized Has an objective statement (unnecessary) Bullet statement issues: Too few/many bullets (aim for 3-5 per position) Missing quantifiable results/detailed descriptions Action verbs are not varied Uses personal pronouns Spelling issues List references (or say references available upon request)

What is not part of a JSOM format resume?

Objective statement and references

Perceptual set

People's predisposition to perceive only what they want/expect to see

What are the differences between popular and scholarly sources?

Popular - Author: Journalist - Primary Audience: General Public - Advertising: Always! - Current events: Yes! Scholarly - Author: Researcher or Scholar - Researchers/ Scholars in the field - Advertising: Rarely! - Current Events: Rarely! The "peer review process" takes a long time, so current events are rarely included in scholarly sources.

Linguistic Noise

Related to accents or words Ex: Jargon can be a form of noise

Repetition

Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis

1st stage of Perception: Selection

Selection: what do we notice? Encounter stimuli Think about advertising - Ex: battery bunny beating drum 3 types - Selective exposure What stimuli do we encounter? What do we follow and what do we ignore - Selective attention What do you focus on? - Selective Retention What you remember

Summaries

Short recaps of what has already been said; used to remind the audience of the points already addressed.

What should a good introduction do and include?

The Introduction - Tell them what u are going to tell them - introduces speaker and topic, establish a relationship with the audience, and state the topic clearly

psychological noise

Things going on emotionally or mentally that distract you from getting the message Ex: worried about a upcoming test, had a recent breakup--> that will make it hard to focus

As you are working with a Pivot Table, you decide to change some of your source data. How will the Pivot Table recognize the change?

You will either have to click Refresh on the Analyze ribbon or click Alt+F5.

Self-image

Your self-image is how you see yourself, how you would describe yourself to others. It includes your physical characteristics—your eye color, hair length, height, and so forth. It also includes your knowledge, experience, interests, and relationships.

Values

are core concepts and ideas of what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, or what is worth the sacrifice. Our values are central to our self-image, what makes us who we are. Like beliefs, our values may not be based on empirical research or rational thinking, but they are even more resistant to change than are beliefs. To undergo a change in values, a person may need to undergo a transformative life experience

Beliefs

are ideas based on our previous experiences and convictions and may not necessarily be based on logic or fact. You no doubt have beliefs on political, economic, and religious issues. These beliefs may not have been formed through rigorous study, but you nevertheless hold them as important aspects of self. Beliefs often serve as a frame of reference through which we interpret our world. Although they can be changed, it often takes time or strong evidence to persuade someone to change a belief

Environment

atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send and receive messages

recall is strongest in the

beginning and end

Doublespeak

deliberate use of words to disguise, obscure, or change meaning phrases intended to mislead or imply something that they don't actually say - EX: our company is losing resources: meant they were laying people off (hid the humanized element)

External Noise

distractions that occur around the communication event Ex: Lawnmower going off while on the phone

How do you use lecterns/podiums?

don't hide behind podium

Group Communication

dynamic process where a small number of people engage in a conversation ex: me sending a text to my family

Euphemisms

involve substituting an acceptable word for an offensive, controversial, or unacceptable one that conveys the same or similar meaning

Intrapersonal Communication

involves one person; it is often called "self-talk" communication with oneself ex: me reminding myself to take BLAW notes today

mass communication

involves sending a single message to a group. It allows us to communicate our message to a large number of people ex: me getting an email from CNN

Signposts

keywords that signal to the audience that you are moving from one part of the speech to another signal to them what is coming

interpersonal communication

normally involves two people, and can range from intimate and very personal to formal and impersonal. ex: You may carry on a conversation with a loved one, sharing a serious concern

Jargon

occupation-specific language used by people in a given profession ex: medical jargon

cliche

once-clever word or phrase that has lost its impact through overuse ex: Business cliches example: it's a win-win, lets circle back on that, I want to touch base on ____

Public Communication

one person speaks to a group of people; the same is true of public written communication, where one person writes a message to be read by a small or large group

Two types of internal noise

physiological and psychological

Third stage of perception: Interpretation

what meaning we assign to stimulus

Noise/Interference

whatever distracts from or interferes from the sender's intended meaning of a message

Semantic Triangle

word (aka symbol), thought or reference, subject or object (aka referent)

Summarize the process for freezing and unfreezing panes

- Freeze panes is found on the view tab in ribbon - Can choose freeze top row or freeze first column

What are appropriate facial gestures and eye contact?

- Use gestures, but limit distracting ones - Point to visual aid - Podiums limit engagement - Ppl are still watching when u are not speaking - Don't fold arms, makes u seem defensive or closed off - Don't look bored - Don't look at phone - Listen to other person - Plan speaker placement and movement in advance - Plan how u will move when u speak Eye Contact Good eye contact is seen as a sign of honesty and respect Sign of confidence and respect Don't talk to: Your notes The sky The wall The visual aid Focus on audience (not just one person) Do: Talk to your audience Pan across the room Make a connection with ppl Online: Eye Contact Informal (collaboration) Can talk to screen Allows u to read documents and read body language Formal (presentation) Talk to camera lens (your audience) Increases engagement Okay to break eye contact a little

Describe methods for sorting data

- When you are sorting data make sure there is a separate empty column to right and below it to sepearate from other data if no other data u can ignore this step - When ready to sort we can highlight data or click within it - Press control A and press Control . - Home tab find sort and fliter or go to data tab and click sort - Click sort by drop arrow and choose and u can add another level to keep sorting by

What are the different categories of informative speeches? (focus on the main four)

1. Explanation: An effective speech to inform will take a complex topic or issue and explain it to the audience in ways that increase audience understandings. 2. Report- - As a business communicator, you may be called upon to given an informative report - Listeners may want just the highlights, only to ask pointed questions that may require significant depth and presentation on your part - Informative report: speech where you organize your info around key events, discoveries, or technical data and provide context and illustration for your audience Description: - Describing info requires an emphasis on language that is vivid, captures attention, and excites the imagination Demonstration: - Showing the process and telling the audience important details about each step so they can imitate, repeat, or do action themselves

What is the five-finger model of public speaking? Be able to identify examples of each finger.

5 main parts of speech Attention statement Introduction Body Conclusion Residual Message Attention Statement: The way you focus the audience's attention on you and your speech - ex: question, state a fact, joke, story, quotation, promise Introduction: Introduces speaker and topic, establish a relationship with the audience, and state the topic clearly Body: The main content area. You will naturally turn to one of the organizational patterns. Conclusion: Provide a sense of closure by summarizing main points and relating points to overall topic Residual message: an idea or thought that stays with your audience well after the speech. the takeaway

What are the differences between an APA Reference Page and an MLA Works Cited page?

APA: - Author names in references: Smith, A. - Title of Sources: References MLA: - Authors names in references: Smith, Anna - Title of Sources: Works cited

Understand and be able to identify key design components (biological, environmental, social) in examples.

All components must work together to balance each other out There are biological, environmental, and social factors that will influence the design Biological: certain color combinations or bright, contrasting patterns shown together striped or flashing can trigger headaches and seizures for photosensitive people Environmental: Environment such as screen or font size or even lighting impacts your design Social: Speak to your audience (each audience is different)

Attitudes

An attitude is your immediate disposition toward a concept or an object. Attitudes can change easily and frequently. ex: You may prefer vanilla while someone else prefers peppermint, but if someone tries to persuade you of how delicious peppermint is, you may be willing to try it and find that you like it better than vanilla

physiological noise

Anything that distracts the reader physically Ex: really tired and unable to listen

How do you evaluate a source?

CRAAP TEST (source evaluation) C: Currency When was the last revision or update? Does the topic require the most current info? R: Relevance How well does source relate to topic? Who is the intended audience? Does it satisfy information need? Is it actually important I cite this? A: Authority Who is the author? What are their credentials? Are they qualified? A: Accuracy Where does the info come from Is it supported by evidence Does author cite sources P: Purpose Point of view, bias Is the purpose to inform, entertain, persuade

How do you structure an introduction?

Capture attention Identify yourself Build credibility State thesis Preview main points Have an "agenda" slide on a visual aid Develop an opening that will: 1. get the attention and interest of your listeners 2. express your central idea or message 3. Lead into the body of your speech

What are the three main factors to consider when picking a topic?

Choosing a Topic - Appeal Appeal to the audience with an example Find something that catches your interest How can I get the audience interested? Make sure the speaker enjoys the topic too - Appropriateness A topic that is especially suitable or compatible with the audience's interests, expectations, norms, or customs setting not to promote harmful or illegal actions Is it appropriate for the setting Does the audience already know about this? - Ability Natural aptitude or acquired proficiency to be able to perform Do u have experience with the topic? Can u find info on it?

What is chunking? Which design principle does it relate to?

Chunking: is where you take something that is long and breaks it up and organize it into smaller bite-sized pieces EX: putting list horizontally than vertically - U can pair the text with an image or icon - Design principle is hierarchy

What are some good strategies to combat fears of public speaking?

Communication Apprehension is a broad term that describes people's fear of communicating EX: public speaking Normal to be nervous Don't beat yourself up for small mistakes Move forward Think strategically in group presentations Practice

Interaction Model

Communication between a sender and a receiver that incorporates feedback Treats communication as a two-way process Added Context and feedback Feedback loop The sender is also the receiver and vice versa Ex: commenting on this video and the professor replies back, an email chain, text messaging

Constructivist Model

Communication cannot be separated from people's social and historical context Background and experiences Meaning and common ground Ex: see a picture of soda, ppl say coke

What are the JSOM requirements and recommendations for the resume sections?

Contact Info Education Work Experience Volunteer experience or leadership or club membership Other info: - Technical skills - Languages - Eligibility statement

Targeted Resume

Edited or revised specifically for a particular job application Focuses on a specific job opening: requirements and preferences for position easy to find in resume Organized to highlight combability: phrasing matches the job ad and sections organized to emphasize references Resumes: Scannable "Plain Vanilla"- optimized for Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) Simple in design: no lines, symbols, graphics, vertical elements Emphasis: uses bolded, larger font headings Dates: Must be horizontal (one line)

What are ethos, logos, and pathos?

Ethos: involves the speaker's character and expertise Nature or credibility of communicator Audience determines speaker's ethos Your perception of a speaker's credibility Perceptions can vary Ethos can vary from one listener to another Ex: look at political figures and look at how ppl talk about them Ppl have different perceptions of that person Same politician, same speech, perception differs Logos: logic of the speaker's presentation- something that will be greatly enhanced by a good organizational plan Based on fact and logic Message argument Build it on sound, credible info Also relies on organization of environment Pathos: use of emotion "we don't always make decisions based on clear thinking, sometimes we are moved by words" Emotional appeal Bring audience to action Don't merely rely on pathos Audience can feel manipulated

Describe the process for adding a command to the quick access toolbar

Find icon u want and right click and drag to quick access toolbar which is at the top (green horizontal bar)

functional resume

Focuses on skills and experience, rather than chronological work history Downplayed chronology: typically used by job seekers with gaps in work history Skills-Focused: attractive for those whose work history is not directly related to the job

What is framing and its forms?

Framing Place an imaginary set of boundaries around a story Some things we emphasize and some we leave out What is included? What is omitted? 3 types of framing - Agenda setting: meeting sets agenda (in mass media) audience remembers what comes first and last, who selects the agenda and the order it is seen? - Gatekeeper: Speaker is gatekeeper, they determine what info is presented and not presented, which information reaches the audience? - Culture: We can never be completely objective, how do appeals to certain cultural beliefs or values affect audience responses?

What is serial position effect (i.e., primacy and recency)?

Info presented early in the speech or at the end are more often recalled, but the ones in the middle were more often forgotten. This is known as serial position effect. The improved recall of words at the beginning of the list is called the primary effect; that at the end of the list, the recency effect.

What's the difference between an informative and persuasive speech?`

Informative Speech Purposes - Share ideas with the audience - Increase audience understanding - Change audience perceptions - Help them gain new skills An informative speech incorporates the speaker's point of view but not attitude or interpretation Persuasive Speech Purposes - Move the audience Appeal to pathos plays a bigger role - Motivate audience Get them to take action - Change the audience Shift understanding and attitude for the audience as ppl Ex: elevator pitch

How can interpretation, point of view, and/or bias impact your presentation? How can you present a neutral speech?

Interpretation - Interpretation involves adapting the info to communicate a message, perspective, or agenda - Your insights and attitudes will guide your selection of material, what you focus on, and what you delete (choosing what not to present to the audience) - Interpretation will involve personal bias Bias - Bias is an unreasoned or not-well thought out judgment - Bias involves beliefs or ideas held on the basis of conviction rather than current evidence. Beliefs are often called "habits of the mind" because we come to rely on them to make decisions - Bias encourages you to accept positive evidence that supports your existing beliefs (regardless of whether they are true) and reject negative evidence that does not support your beliefs - bias involves actively selecting information that supports or agrees with your current belief and takes away from any competing belief - - To make sure u are not presenting a biased speech, frame your discussion to inform from a neutral stance and consider alternative points of view to present, compare, and contrast, and diversify your speech Point of View - Your perception of an idea or concept from your previous experience and understanding Here are five suggestions to help you present a neutral speech: 1. Keep your language neutral and not very positive for some issues while very negative for others. 2. Keep your sources credible and not from biased organizations. The National Rifle Association (NRA) will have a biased view of the Second Amendment, for example, as will the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) on civil rights. 3. Keep your presentation balanced. If you use a source that supports one clear side of an issue, include an alternative source and view. Give each equal time and respectful consideration. 4. Keep your audience in mind. Not everyone will agree with every point or source of evidence, but diversity in your speech will have more to offer everyone. 5. Keep whom you represent in mind: Your business and yourself.

How we perceive others

Perception has several influences - Cultures and co-cultures - Stereotypes ----->Generalizations about a group of people

How do you answer questions appropriately at the end of a presentation?

Preparing for Q&A Decide when to take questions Conclude strongly then say, "I will now open the floor for questions" Good idea to have a slide to move to to state it is Q&A time Anticipate questions and practice your responses -- Can say: "I see yall are still thinking of questions, here is one that might come up" and answer your own question --------Helps fill awkward silence Say u are open for questions Repeat questions - Make sure entire audience can hear - Also, thank them for the question - Praise them on the quality of the question Reinforce your main points Alternate speakers Do not become defensive - Be polite and professional End with a summary and appreciation

How do you construct a specific purpose? What does a good thesis statement look like?

Short specific sentence capturing the central idea of the speech - we set up our speech to argue in favor or against something Thesis statement should: 1. Be a declarative statement 2. Be a complete sentence 3. Use specific language, not vague generalities 4. Be a single idea 5. Reflect consideration of audience

self-fulfilling prophecy

Someone's behavior comes to match and mirror others' expectations Ex: Pygmalion effect: ppl tell u are good and fulfill that and opposite is also true When ppl encourage you, it affects the way you see yourself and your potential

Eight essential components of communication

Source Message Channel Receiver Feedback Environment Context Interference

What are the different types of general speech purposes?

Speech to inform. Increase the audience's knowledge, teach about a topic or issue, and share your expertise. Speech to demonstrate. Show the audience how to use, operate, or do something. Speech to persuade. Influence the audience by presenting arguments intended to change attitudes, beliefs, or values. Speech to entertain. Amuse the audience by engaging them in a relatively light-hearted speech that may have a serious point or goal. Ceremonial speech. Perform a ritual function, such as give a toast at a wedding reception or a eulogy at a funeral.

Denotative

The dictionary definition of a word

Environmental Noise

The environment around you distracts or interrupts the message Ex: fire alarm going off during a meeting

Residual Message

The residual message, a message or thought that stays with your audience well after the communication is finished, is an important part of your message. what the speaker wants the audience to remember

Source

The source imagines, creates, and sends the message

What is the speaker's triangle?

The speaker's triangle: Indicates where the speaker starts in the introduction, moves to the second position for the first point, across for the second point, then returns to the original position to make the third point and conclusion. This movement technique can be quite effective to help you remember each of your main points. It allows you to break down your speech into manageable parts Your movement will demonstrate purpose and reinforce your credibility.

What is the appropriate font size for a visual aid?

Think about font size - Minimum on a slide is 20pt- but that is very small - Think about the format in which ppl will be reading your work - Think about back row ppl 30 pt is good

What are the different types of transitions?

Transitions: Words, phrases, or visual devices that help the audience follow the speaker's ideas, connect the main points to each other, and see the relationships you've created in the info you are presenting Internal Previews: An internal preview is a brief statement referring to a point you are going to make. It can forecast or foreshadow a main point coming in your speech. Signposts: A signpost alerts the audience that you are moving from one topic to the next. - Signposts or signal words draw attention to themselves and focus the audience's attention. Internal Summarizes: An internal summary briefly covers information or alludes to the information introduced previously. - It can remind an audience of a previous point and reinforce information covered in your speech. Sequence Transition: A sequence transition outlines a hierarchical order or series of steps in your speech. It can illustrate order or steps in a logical process. Time: chronological aspects Addition: an addition or additive transiton contributes to a previous point Similarity: an transition to similiarity Comparison: a transition by comparison draws a distinction b/w 2 ideas Contrast: transiton by contrast draws a distinction of difference Cause and Effect: transition by cause and effect illustrates a relationship Example: using an example Place Transition: location Clarification: further develops a main point Concession: knwoelge of contrary info

Transactional Model

Treats communication as a multi-way process Most commonly used model Best representation of face to face communication Ex: normal in person lecture is an example A student falling asleep communicates professor might need to be more energetic or interesting, or tell a joke Confused look may show the professor might need to give a better example Nodding along means professor makes sense Ex: Facetiming, talking on the phone are also examples of transactional model b/c there is the simultaneous flow of information occuring at the same time Environment plays a role in communication and in te model Environment is the atmosphere where you send and receive messages

Action (linear) model

Treats communication as a one-way process Ex: mass email to customers, billboard

What is unity in design? Be able to identify the design principles a presenter can use to achieve that with his or her slides. Also, know which PowerPoint tools are associated with the design principles.

Unity: when all elements in a design work together to create a cohesive whole - Viewers will glance at whole slide then make connections with individual things (part to whole) - We can achieve this: - Proximity: When we see 2 things close together, we think they are together - Repetition Repeating the same thing over and over, can help achieve unity - Alignment: How u align things - Continuation: Objects or elements follow a straight line or curve, Similar to chunking Tools for Spacing : - Ruler: View tab, check ruler box Gridlines - Guides: show u center and midway area Alignment Tools : Select all by dragging arrow In format tab Go to arrange and go to align option

What's the 6 x 6 rule? What are the criteria for preparing visual aids?

Visual Aids Visual Design - Focus on the needs of the audience - Reduce effort needed to find info Stroop Effect: Color and words don't match Be text-savvy - 6 by 6 rule: limit your slide to ------6 words per line and 6 lines per slide Use keywords, not sentences Introduce elements one by one Makes sure they don't get ahead of u Good visual Aids: - Consider Font and font size Animation -----Make it subtle ----Just for introducing info Color - Think of theme color - Is it readable? I - s it appropriate? - Company logo and color scheme Readability Consistency Every slide should look same Balance - Not too much white space - Include a picture, creates interest

How do you use vocalics effectively?

Vocalics: is the study of the nonverbal uses of the voice that indicate emotion and provide cues as to how the message should be interpreted ----Volume, rate, tone, pitch Make sure u have appropriate volume Limit fillers (um, ah, so, u know?) Practice out loud Fast rate and tone -Be aware of how fast u are speaking - Take deep breath before sentence It's okay to pause -Can create a dramatic effect Vocalics important in video presentation Frame yourself well

What are the major differences between an APA reference page entry and other styles? Can you identify one?

Works Cited Page: A works cited page usually goes with MLA format citations. It's basically a list detailing all the sources that you have either quoted or paraphrased within your work. Sources are usually listed alphabetically by the author's last name. A works cited page is required in addition to parenthetical citations, which are shorter versions of the citation (often just the author's name and a page number, if relevant) placed within the paper, after the quoted or paraphrased text. Example of an MLA citation in works cited page: Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. Cornerstone, 1989. Reference List A reference list usually goes with APA style citations. It's essentially the same as works cited page, just with a different name. Again, sources are listed alphabetically by the author's last name and should be marked in the text by an APA in-text citation. Example of an APA citation in a reference list: Lee, H. (1989). To Kill A Mockingbird. London, Eng: Cornerstone. Bibliography A bibliography may be required when using Chicago or Turabian format citations. It differs in that it requires you to list all sources used during the course of your work, whether you have referred to them specifically in your paper or not. This means that even a source that you used just for background reading needs to be detailed. With Chicago style format, you must include a bibliography (in alphabetical order) in addition to footnotes/endnotes, which often detail the same information. Example of a Chicago citation in a bibliography: Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. London, Eng: Cornerstone, 1989.

Schema

a mental structure for organizing and interpreting information

Looking glass self

a self-image based on how we think others see us

Interference

anything that blocks or changes the source's intended meaning

Feedback

composed of messages the receiver sends back to the source - Verbal or nonverbal, all these feedback signals allow the source to see how well, how accurately (or how poorly and inaccurately) the message was received

Name the keys commonly used to move, copy, and insert data

create a copy= control and drag move data= drag data just by highliting data insert data= shift + drag

2 types of external noise

environmental and linguistic

Foreshadowing

hints at something that is to come later on, creating suspense for the listener

Context

involves the setting, scene, and the expectations of individuals involved - Context is all about what people expect from each other, and we often create those expectations out of environmental cues

2nd stage of perception: Organizations

is the process of sorting information into logical categories or series. We often take things we perceive and organize them into categories based on what we have perceived previously Schemas are mental structures We use schemas to - Group together related info - Take in new info We are cognitive misers - Like things to fit in categories Allows us to take shortcuts

Receiver

receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source

Message

stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience - The message also consists of the way you say it- in a speech, with your tone of voice, your body language, and your appearance - In a report, with your writing style, punctuation, and the headings and formatting you choose

Connotative

subjective, emotional meaning - Most workplace errors are because of connotative meaning Ex: would you rather go to a cozy cottage in the forest or cabin in the woods?

Slang

use of existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect

Self-concept

your self-image and self-esteem together, your central identity and set of beliefs about who you are and what you are capable of accomplishing Reflects your ideas about who you are and what you can do, your IDENTITY Self concept= self image + self esteem Partly subjective: - Objective: facts Height, hair color, age - Subjective: opinions Honesty, sense of humor, intelligence, talent

How do you create similarity and contrast in slide design? Why is this important to do?

• Similarity • U create a cadence with your design • But if u need something to stand out, u break the pattern • Contrast needs similarity and vice versa • U want action items to takeaway by audience • How to create Similarity in PPT • Choose a pre made layout from PPT for similarity • Templates already choose many things • Create similarity through Color, size, shape • Orientation can create similarity • Texture • Contrast • Contrast creates focus, helps to clarify message • Not about opposites, find a balance • Create a contrast through color, size, shape, texture, and orientation • How to create contrast in ppt • Through color, u can draw attention to a specific area

How should color be used in slide design? (In section 5: Ways to use color) What should we avoid when choosing colors in slide design (In section 5: Color in PowerPoint & How to choose colors)?

• Ways to use color 1. Color should attract i. Not merely be used for decoration 2. Choose color purposely 3. Color should contrast i. Highlight important details ii. Connect points • Color in PPT ○ Eyedropper tool picks up color ○ Theme colors § Design tab, variance group, gallery, colors § Can enter RGB values § Don't use standard color • How to choose colors ○ Never mix bright red and bright blue ○ Avoid red and green ○ Don't use standard colors ○ Red text is a bad idea ○ WEBAIM.org contrast checker ○ Text should be readable and legible ○ No bubbles ○ No trendy fonts