Behavioral Organization Final - 70 Questions

________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. Attitude Appearance Performance Demeanor Behavior

Attitude

________ explains the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we assign to a given behavior.

Attribuition theory

The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrate double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. eflective affective cognitive reactive behavioral

Cognitive

As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________. pay closer attention to the behavior of others are less likely to emerge as leaders tend to be more adaptable to external situations show less commitment to their organizations have low consistency between personalities and actions

Correto!

_____ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience. Demographic Additive Surface-level Conjunctive Deep-level

Deep Level

The practice of modifying one's true feelings based on display rules is known as deep acting behavioral contagion collective efficacy social loafing surface acting

Deep level acting

Power is a function of ________.

Dependence

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. entrepreneur spokesperson disseminator leader resource allocator

Disseminator

Which of the following terms best describes an intense, discrete and short-lived feeling experiences that are often caused by a specific event? reasoning perception cognition emotion mood

Emotion

A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________ self-concordance emotional liability negative affect emotional labor cognitive deviance

Emotional Labor

, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring. Ragging Stalking Bullying Exclusion Mockery

Exclusion

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities. True or False?

False

________ refers to the tendency of people to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. Self-serving bias Confirmation bias Hindsight bias Randomness error Halo effect

Halo Effect

Employees with ________ strongly identify with and care about the kind of work they do.

High Job involvement

The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________. analytical skills technical skills conceptual skills human skills cognitive skills

Human Skills

Which of the following statements is true regarding power? If A has the capacity to influence the behavior of B, then A is said to have power over B. A can have power over B only when A and B have similar goals. A can have power over B only if A is B's leader. The greater A's dependence on B, the greater A's power in the relationship. A is said to have power over B if B controls something that A desires.

If A has the capacity to influence the behavior of B, then A is said to have power over B.

Organizations following a(n) ________ strategy try to both minimize risk and maximize opportunity for profit, moving into new products or new markets only after innovators have proven their viability.

Imitation

What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality? It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another. It indicates results related exclusively to job performance. It tends to overemphasize intuitive traits over analytical traits. It has an excess of classifications, which tends to confuse a person. It does not have a clear demarcation between different personality types.

It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another

1 / 1 pts ________ get things done through other people. They make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities of others to attain goals: Apprentices Assistants Secretaries Interns Managers

Managers

A(n) ________ model is generally synonymous with the bureaucracy in that it has highly standardized processes for work, high formalization, and more managerial hierarchy

Mechanistic

________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. Mood Thought Reaction Cognition Affect

Mood

Which of the following statements regarding leadership is true? All managers are leaders. Formal appointment is essential in creating leaders. Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as formal influence. Formal rights ensure good leadership. All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers.

Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as formal influence.

A(n) ________ model is a structure that is flat, uses cross-hierarchical and cross-functional teams, has low formalization, possesses a comprehensive information network, and relies on participative decision making.

Organic

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory? People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals. Assigned goals generate greater goal commitment in low rather than high power-distance cultures. Generalized goals produce a higher level of output than specific goals. Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control. Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback.

People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

s the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. Apprehension Impression Sensation Perception Attribution

Perception

The ________ dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort.

Persistence

Work specialization contributes to higher employee productivity, but at the price of ________. increased complexity restricted flow of information increased cost Correto! reduced job satisfaction reduced economies of scale

Reduced Job satisfaction

Individuals engage in ________ because it is impossible for them to assimilate everything they see and can take in only certain stimuli. Selective Perception emotional labor self-serving bias cognitive dissonance self-fulfilling prophecy

Selective Perception

Which of the following is the highest level need in Maslow's theory?

Self Actualization

________ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. Emotional contagion Reinforcement Affect intensity Self-efficacy Self-determination

Self-efficacy

________ bias indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his or her own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors. Congruence Self-serving Anchoring Status quo Distinction

Self-serving

Which of the following is a terminal value according to Milton Rokeach? self-reliance social recognition personal discipline goal-orientation self-improvement

Social Recognition

Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules? framing effect active camouflage bandwagon effect anchoring bias surface acting

Surface acting

________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age. Conjunctive Surface-level Psychographic Disjunctive Additive

Surface level

Which of the following is true with regard to bases of power? The personal sources of power are most effective for increasing employee performance and satisfaction. Coercive power involves identification with and imitation of the person in power. Reward power is the most common and broad type of power seen in operation in organizations. Legitimate power is used by companies when they hire celebrities to promote their products. Expert and referent power are the two major types of formal power.

The personal sources of power are most effective for increasing employee performance and satisfaction.

_______ leaders inspire followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization and can have an extraordinary effect on their followers. Laissez-faire Resposta correta Transformational Production-oriented Task-oriented Você respondeu Transactional

Transformational

A survey of over 2,100 CFOs across 20 industries indicated that a lack of interpersonal skills is the top reason why some employees fail to advance. T/F?

True

People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. True False

True

Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"? emotions feelings values attitudes traditions

Values

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's performance. It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior-level employees. It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world.

What people do in a company and how it affect its performance

________ are indicators of a strong organizational culture. High levels of dissension Narrowly defined roles Completely horizontal organizational charts High rates of employee turnover Widely shared values

Widely shared values

McClelland's theory is based on which of the following need achievement, power, and affiliation stability, growth, and security hygiene, control, and security self-actualization, stability, and safety-security control, status, and self-actualization

achievement, power, and affiliation

Based on equity theory, employees who perceive inequity will make any of the following choices except ________. leave the field change the inputs distort the perceptions of one's self change the outputs be content with the referent

be content with the referent

A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________. incremental decision making intuitive decision making optimal decision making bounded rationality active selection

bounded rationality

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. attitudinal clarification organizational dissonance positivity offset affective reactance cognitive dissonance

cognitive dissonance

A strong culture should increase employee loyalty because it results in ________. cohesiveness and organizational commitment an outcome-oriented organization a highly formalized organization a highly centralized organization narrow spans of control

cohesiveness and organizational commitment

With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. long-term orientation uncertainty avoidance power distance masculinity collectivism

collectivism

What are the key dimensions to any organization's environment?

complexity, volatility, and capacity

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors? affect intensity relatedness traceability consistency verifiability

consistency

Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress?

emotional stability

The proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior as ________. a reflection of the inner state of the individual the result of a cognitive process a function of one's power need a product of heredity environmentally caused

environmentally caused

Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture by ________.

establishing norms that filter down through the organization

Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, she is assertive in making decisions, and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following types is Athers most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? perceiving introverted brooder extraverted solitary

extraverted

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do relying on the information of a company's annual report feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance believing that one achieved all objectives of a project

feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing

Which of the following is a feature of servant leadership? universal appeal and effectiveness across cultures applicability restricted to the leader's ingroup pursuit of the leaders' self-interest use of power and authority to achieve organizational ends focus on growth, development, and well-being of followers

focus on growth, development, and well-being of followers

The two general groupings into which power may be categorized are ________. direct and indirect Correto! formal and personal informational and personal informal and legitimate formal and informal

formal and personal

Strong culture can be a substitute for

formalization

With reference to the Hofstede's framework, a class or caste system that discourages upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________. high on individualism low on uncertainty avoidance low on masculinity high on power distance high on long-term orientation

high on power distance

According to Milton Rokeach, ________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior. instrumental flexible essential terminal critical

instrumental

In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees. inequity aversion intimidation optimism bias risk aversion ambiguity aversion

intimidation

Which of the following is a factor present in a target which may affect a person's perception? attitude novelty experience motive interest

novelty

According to the Big Five model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be: responsible, organized, and dependable distracted, disorganized, and unreliable calm, self-confident, and secure cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic reserved, timid, and quiet

responsible, organized, and dependable

If a manager incorrectly assumes that all employees want the same thing, then according to the expectancy theory, it is most likely to result in a weak ________ relationship. performance-reward effort-satisfaction effort-performance performance-achievement rewards-personal goals

rewards-personal goals

With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve? seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient finding optimal solutions to problems weighing each criteria before making a decision selecting the best option with the highest utility scrutinizing and evaluating each alternative in detail

seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient

Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation? motivation-hygiene theory two-factor theory goal setting theory self-serving theory self-determination theory

self-determination theory

Leadership is best defined as ________. the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals the ability to reduce the dependence of team members on each other the ability to merely project one's abilities in the lack of actual accomplishments the ability to use factors like training and experience to reduce dependence on formal leadership the ability to induce the team members to focus on individual goals rather than collective goals

the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals

According to the two-factor theory, ________.

the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

Culture is most likely to be a liability when ________.

the organization's environment is dynamic

Leaders who want to foster a climate that reinforces ethical behavior do all of the following except ________.

use their charisma to enhance power over followers, directed towards self-serving ends

Which of the following is an organizational factor that increases illegitimate political behavior? high trust low expectations of success zero-sum reward practice low organizational investment internal locus of control

zero-sum reward practice