Big Data Chapter 11

Aristotle

- 450 BC - attempted to codify right thinking

ELIZA

- a chatterbot - Turing Test Competitor - A friend and model for other bots/technologies

Artificial Intelligence

- no clear definition ; phrase coined by John McCarthy in 1956 - the science an engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the very similar task of using computers to understand human or other intelligence, but doesn't have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable

McCulloch and Pitts (1943)

- simplified mathematical model or neurons

AI systems' characteristics according to Russell and Norvig

- systems that THINK and ACT like humans - systems that THINK and ACT rationally

Machine Learning

AI that learns predictive models from data -

Deep Learning

The most advanced machine learning methods

Alan Turing (1950)

Turing Machine and Turing Test

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

a branch of artificial intelligence that helps computers understand, interpret and manipulate human language

virtual reality

a computer generated simulation or replacement of one's environment

Turing Test

a human communicates with a computer via a teletype. if the human can't tell he is talking to a computer or another human, the machine/program passes and known as "intelligent"

Autonomous Intelligence

adaptive/continuous systems that take over decision making in some cases. But they will do so only after the human decision maker starts trusting the machine or becomes a liability for fast transactions. The decision rights are with the machine

computer vision

aims at giving computers the ability to gain a high level understanding from digital images or videos and reconstruct their properties such as shape, illuminations, and color distributions

Chatterbot

computer program designed to simulate an intelligent conversation with one or more human users via auditory or textual methods, primarily for engaging in small talk

Augmented Intelligence

enhancing the human ability to do the same tasks faster or better. Humans still make some of the key decisions, but AI executes the tasks on their behalf. Decisions rights are solely with humans

Assisted Intelligence

humans and machines learn from each other and redefine the breadth and depth of what they do together - human and machine share decision rights

Pattern Recognition

is the science for observing the environment, learning to distinguish patterns of interest from their background, and making decisions about patterns or pattern classes

augmented reality

it's main purpose is not to cut off the real world and transport you to another one, but rather to be an enhancement of your real world with a set of machine-generated motion tracked objects in it

Strong AI

matches or exceeds human intelligence - the intelligence of a machine that can successfully perform any intellectual task that a human can

Weak AI

not intended to match or exceed the capabilities of human beings

intelligence

the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world

Weak AI hypothesis

the philosophical position that machines can demonstrate intelligence, but do not necessarily have a mind, mental state or consciousness