Bio 101 Exam 1
1. A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a _______. a. hypothesis b. life science c. scientific theory d. physical science
A
A form of science that solves real-world problems is _______. a. applied science b. basic science c. control d. prediction
A
A typical prokaryotic cell compared to a eukaryotic cell _______. a. is smaller in size by a factor of 100 b. is similar in size c. is smaller in size by a factor of one million d. is larger in size by a factor of 10
A
Daughter cells produced by mitosis _______. a. are genetically identical to the parent cell b. are only created in females c. divide the cytoplasm into four parts d. cause cance
A
How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? a. They produce ATP. b. They produce glucose. c. They store it in molecule of carbon dioxide. d. The energy is coupled to nitrogen.
A
Photosynthesis would occur fastest in a plant with green leaves if it is exposed to which color light for ten minutes? a. Blue light b. Red light c. Yellow light d. Green light
A
The difference in outcome between the potential energy in a marshmallow burned over a campfire on the end of a stick and in one that you eat straight from the package is _______. a. how fast and efficiently the energy is released b. the amount of potential energy available c. the lack of kinetic energy d. the amount of substrate available
A
Which of the following statements is false? a. Organisms placed in the same genus are least closely related. b. The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens. c. Moving from species to kingdom, more different species are included in each higher category. d. Species that are in the same genus share very specific characteristics. e. Taxonomists are biologists who classify organisms.
A
A good scientific experiment is reproducible. What does this mean?
Anyone can conduct the same experiment in another lab and expect the same results
1. Which of the following statements is false? a. Tissues exist within organs which exist within organ systems. b. Communities exist within populations which exist within ecosystems. c. Organelles exist within cells which exist within tissues. d. Communities exist within ecosystems which exist in the biosphere.
B
A form of science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term use of that knowledge is _______. a. applied science b. basic science c. prediction d. variable
B
A thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena is called _______. a. life science b. scientific theory c. physical science d. scientific law
B
An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited _______. a. cells b. genes c. proteins d. chromatids
B
Broadleaf deciduous trees (trees that shed their leaves annually) of temperate forests _______. a. lose their leaves as they freeze solid b. reabsorb chlorophyll, so that the colorful fall pigments become visible c. create new photosynthetic pigments as the amount of daylight becomes limited d. create new pigments in response to colder temperatures
B
In eukaryotes, which event leads to a diploid cell? a. Meiosis b. Fertilization c. Binary Fission d. Mutation
B
Consider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have backbones, and snakes are vertebrates, then snakes have backbones." This statement is an example of _______. a. the scientific method b. inductive reasoning c. deductive reasoning d. scientific law
C
Meiosis produces _______ daughter cells.. a. two haploid b. two diploid c. four haploid d. four diploid
C
The great diversity of life on Earth is the result of ________. a. biology b. organelles c. evolution d. phylogenetic trees
C
The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of "living" is the _______. a. organ b. organelle c. cell d. macromolecule
C
Uncontrolled mitosis is called? a. Cytokinesis b. A daughter cell c. Cancer d. Super-mitosis
C
What are the advantages of a plant having multiple pigments in their leaves? a. They can absorb more energy from green light. b. They can use light energy more efficiently. c. The leaves can absorb light of different colors, allowing them to absorb more energy. d. The pigments provide structure for the leaves.
C
What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? a. Sexual reproduction involves fewer steps. b. Less chance of using up the resources in a given environment. c. Sexual reproduction results in greater variation in the offspring. d. Sexual reproduction is more cost- effective.
C
Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission? a. Cell growth b. DNA duplication c. Mitosis d. Cytokinesis
C
Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules by converting solar energy into chemical energy? a. Bear b. Mushrooms c. Wheat d. Crayfish
C
Faith is not science because it cannot be ___________. a. tested b. measured c. disproved d. observed e. All of the above
E
Offspring grow up to exhibit many of the same characteristics as their parents because of the _______ they receive from their parents during reproduction. a. Energy b. DNA c. Genes d. Nutrients e. Both b and c f. Both b and d
E
Which of the following correctly describes energy transfer between trophic levels? a. Energy transfer is relatively inefficient. b. Food chains tend to have 5 or less trophic levels because insufficient energy is available to support a large enough breeding population at higher trophic levels than these. c. The total mass of organisms in a particular place (biomass) is less at higher trophic levels. d. The total energy stores is less at each level as you move up the food chain. e. All of the above
E
To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be _______. a. provable b. testable c. falsifiable d. phrased as a question e. Both a and b f. Both b and c
F
What advantage do multicellular organisms have over single-celled organisms? a. Cells can be specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms. b. Multicellular organisms use less energy. c. Single-celled organisms have a smaller temperature range. d. Cells can be sacrificed for the good of the organisms as a whole. e. Both a and b f. Both a and d
F. Both a and b
n the pillbug experiment, if the pillbugs in the experimental chamber would have moved to the side of the chamber with sand instead of cornstarch, what would you have concluded?
Pillbugs tend to prefer sand over cornstarch
How do pillbugs detect the presence of food?
Smell
When testing the temperature of catalase in the enzyme lab, why did the higher temperature affect the catalase activity?
Some of the catalase enzymes were denatured.
Some students consume large amounts of coffee and so-called energy drinks to help them stay alert when studying. You notice that many who engage in this practice seem to do poorly on exams. Suppose you want to investigate the relationship between caffeine consumption and exam performance. Which of the following statements would be an appropriate hypothesis?
Students who consume large amounts of caffeine while studying will have lower exam scores than those who consume less caffeine.
How is a control group treated in a scientific experiment?
The control group receives all the same treatments except the experimental variable
When testing the temperature of catalase, what would happen if you changed the temperature using the same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture?
The substrate and enzyme would bind and react before all temperatures could be tested
All of the DNA of an organism is the ______. a. genome b. gamete c. haploid d. locus
a
What should your hypothesis represent?
a possible explantation for a problem or observation
The substrate binds at the enzyme's
active site.
Enzymes in human cells tend to perform best
at 37C
Enzyme function is optimum
at specific pH and temperature ranges.
An egg has 23 chromosomes, sperm has matching 23 chromosomes and a child has _______. a. 23 b. 46 c. 92 d. 52
b
The right side of the electromagnetic spectrum represents colors of light with higher energy due to their long wavelengths. a. True b. False
b
What does an enzyme do?
binds to substrate and converts it to product
Chemical reactions that take place inside a cell using or creating energy are part of the cells _______. a. ability to capture light b. enzyme activity c. metabolism d. reproductive stages
c
Where is the energy stored in the following equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2 +6H2O --> C6H12O6+6O2 a. CO2 b. H2O c. C6H12O6 d. O2
c
An enzyme is ______. a. a protein b. a catalyst for metabolic reactions c. a molecule composed of chains of amino acids d. specific to the particular substrate(s) to which it binds e. All of the abov
d
Ospreys and other top predators are most severely affected by pesticides such as DDT because they ______. a. have very long life spans b. have rapid reproductive rates c. are especially sensitive to chemicals d. consume prey in which pesticides are concentrated
d
When you boil egg white (albumin is protein) you have
denatured the protein.
Consider the biochemical pathway below, where A, B, and C are substrates and products and E1 and E2 are the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. Enzyme 1 (E1) can utilize
only A as substrate.
When graphing your data, it is important that you
place the independent variable on the X-axis.
Suppose you have the speed on the x-axis and braking distance on the y-axis. Which graph would confirm the hypothesis "Braking distance is proportional to speed"?
points on a straight line through (0,0) progressing upward and to the right
Altering the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme might
prevent the substrate from binding the enzyme's active sit
Enzymes are
proteins
The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to
reduce the energy of activation and increase the rate of a reaction.
There are two, two-sided dishes in the pillbug experiment. In one dish, you should have placed sand in both sides. In the other dish, you should have placed ______ in one side and ______ in the other.
sand, cornstarch
Where can you perform the experiment phase of the scientific method?
scientific experimentation can occur anywhere, depending upon the problem being examined
In order to come to reliable conclusions about pillbug preferences, you needed to use the
scientific method
In the pillbug experiment, an important part of the experimental strategy was to
make observations at regular intervals
How does a pillbug react when confronted with a noxious (unpleasant) substance?
moves away from it
Judy, a biologist, was told by a colleague that the power company created electricity to be used in the science buildings. Judy told him that this was impossible because: a. Energy can be created but not destroyed. b. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but only converted from one form to another. c. Energy can be destroyed but not created. d. Energy can be created and destroyed. e. Energy cannot be created, destroyed, or converted from one form to another form.
B
The ______ is the basic unit of life. a. organism b. cell c. tissue d. organ
B
The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis to form two new cells is called? a. Mitosis b. Cytokinesis c. Cancer d. Tumor supression
B
The part of meiosis that is similar to mitosis is ______. a. meiosis I b. meiosis II c. meiosis III d. interkinesis
B
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction _______. a. it raises the activation energy of the reaction b. it lowers the activation energy of the reaction c. it becomes a product d. it is destroyed by the reaction
B
Which of these is NOT eukaryotic? a. Animal b. Bacteria c. Fungus d. Plant e. Not sure
B
Which part of this scientific method example is the hypothesis? a. My car won't start. b. My car is out of gas. c. If my car is out of gas and I fill the tank with gas, then my car will start. d. What is causing my car not to start? e. I fill my car's tank with gas
B
Which term describes the process whereby toxic substances increase along trophic levels of an ecosystem? a. Biomassification b. Biomagnification c. Bioentropy d. Heterotrophy
B
1. Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond? a. Covalent bond b. Ionic bond c. Hydrogen bond d. Polar covalent bond
C
A diploid cell has ______ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell. a. one-fourth b. one-half c. twice d. four times
C
A heterotroph directly obtains its energy from _______. a. the sun b. the sun and eating other organisms c. eating other organisms d. simple chemicals in the environment
C
A scientist working in East Africa has heard a legend of a super predator that preys on cheetahs. He submits a grant proposal to the MacArthur Foundation to fund an expedition to find this super predator. You are an expert on the MacArthur Foundation panel evaluating his grant proposal and have a feeling that funds for this project would be a waste of time and energy. How could you best argue your feelings with solid biological thinking? a. The third law of thermodynamics states that for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. Thus an attack on a cheetah will be returned with an equal attack on the super predator trying to eat the cheetah. b. There are unlikely to be enough cheetahs to feed a super predator because of entropy and inefficient use of energy. c. There are unlikely to be enough cheetahs to feed a super predator because global warming is killing off many of them. d. All legends are automatically suspect.
C
Cancer is initiated by ________. a. Daughter cells b. Mitosis c. Gene Mutation d. Cytokinesis
C
You and your best friend just rode your bike up a large hill. You say to your friend, "I am tired and out of energy". Your friend, who is a physics major, says which true statement:? a. Don't worry, we just created a lot of potential energy, we are at the top of the hill. b. Don't worry, we have a lot of kinetic energy because we are about to ride down the hill. c. Our bikes were using kinetic energy to get up the hill, but now they have potential energy. d. Our bikes were using potential energy to get up the hill, but now they have kinetic energy
C
Which of the following is an example of a response to a stimulus? a. A robin laying an egg. b. A polar bear having oily fur that keeps them dry in frigid water. c. A flower closing its petals because of a sudden drop in air temperatures. d. A tadpole metamorphosing into a frog.
C.
Besides growth, what must happen before a cell divides? a. The cytoplasm divides into four parts b. Gene mutation c. Cancer d. DNA replication
D
Plant cells differ from animal cells by having _______. a. cytoplasm b. nucleus c. lysosomes d. cell walls
D
Reduced leaves on cacti allow for them to live in the desert. This is an example of what characteristic of life? a. Response to stimuli b. Order c. Reproduction d. Adaptation
D
The genome of what organisms is composed of a single, double stranded DNA molecule in the form of a loop? a. Protists b. Eukaryotes c. Animals d. Prokaryotes
D
The most rigorous scientific work is found _______. a. at scientific meetings called conferences b. in journal articles which are NOT peer-reviewed c. in the popular press d. in journal articles that are peer-reviewed
D
The producer in an ocean grazing food web is usually a/an ________. a. plant b. animal c. fungi d. alga
D
The type of science that begins with a specific explanation that is then tested is called _______. a. descriptive science b. deductive reasoning c. the scientific method d. hypothesis-based science
D
Which of the following is not an example of an energy transformation? a. Heating up dinner in a microwave. b. Solar panels at work. c. Formation of static electricity. d. None of the above
D
Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most complex to the least complex level? a. Organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population b. Organism, organ, tissue, organelle, cell c. Organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ d. Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism
D
Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? a. Nuclear envelope b. Cell walls c. Organelles d. Plasma membrane
D
Which property of life is best illustrated by the ability of humans to maintain an internal body temperature of approximately 98.6°F? a. Order b. Reproduction c. Adaptation d. Homeostasis e. Energy processing
D
Which one is not a phase in the four-phase model of the scientific method?
Discussion
How does an enzyme work to catalyze a reaction?
It lowers the energy barrier needed for reactants to achieve the transition state or lowers the energy of activation of a reaction.
Which of the following occurs with enzymes as you increase the temperature from 80 degrees F to 90 degrees F?
It will bind substrate more frequently.
Which question can you ask yourself to determine the dependent variable of an experiment?
Which will I measure in the experiment?
Imagine that you wish to compare two different diets that will be fed to tadpoles raised in a lab. One diet is a meat-based fish food, and the other is the traditional diet of boiled lettuce. You want to see if the meat-based diet will be associated with an increase in the average weight of the tadpoles. In your experiment you keep all other factors, such as tadpole density per pan, temperature, pH, and the amount of food the same. The only difference between your control and experimental groups is the type of food the tadpoles receive. What is the independent variable for the tadpole diet experiment?
diet
Without undergoing any permanent changes itself, the _____ makes changes to the ______.
enzyme; substrate
You decide to test your pillbugs' preference for an acidic environment versus a nonacidic environment. On one side of the chamber you place filter paper moistened with water. What is appropriate to place on the other side to test this variable?
filter paper moistened with vinegar
What do you do in the hypothesis phase?
formulate a tentative explanation to your question or observation
Which best describes the pillbug's organ of respiration?
gills
An enzyme reduces the energy necessary to start a chemical reaction. This means the rate of reaction will
increase
The optimum condition for an enzyme
is where it works best
Which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme?
substrate
_________ can change the active site of an enzyme and alter its function.
temperature and pH
Enzymes increase the reaction rate of a specific reaction.
true
In the pillbug experiment, your hypothesis
was related to the environment pillbugs prefer.