bio 101

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what are restriction enzymes used for in molecular biology

cutting DNA at specific places

hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and .....and between adenine and ....

cytosine and thymine

the dna code is degenerate and that means that

different codons code for the same amino acids

The two strands of DNA are in antiparallel orientation. this causes what in replication

dna polymerase runs in opposite directions on the two strands

spinal cord

ectoderm

sequences on the DNA where transcription factors can bind and regulate a promoter are called

enhancers

arthropods are characterized by

exoskeleton, open circulatory system, and ventral nerve cord

in human development, the mothers blood mixes with that of the embryo in the placenta

false

which of these groups does not molt

mollusks

In a single PCR cycle consisting of 15 seconds at 94c, 30 seconds at 50c,and 1 min at 72c, what is happening in the step run at 50c

primers are anealing to the dna to be amplified

an animal with ventral nerve cord and dorsal heart is most likely

protostome

an important way of discovering close relationships between groups of organisms depends on ..

shared characteristics

which of the following are a possible way for cells to become different fro each other in development

splitting up cytoplasmic determinants differently during cleavage

two functions of fertilization are combining the parental genomes and.....

starting the developmental process

who is implicated in the crime by this evidence

suspect 1

to translate mRNA into protein.... are needed

tRNA and amino acids

a possible effect in development of having different cytoplasmic determinants in different cells

that cells may transmit different signals to other cells

the portion of the molecule in the figure above labeled 5 is

the attached amino acid

which of the following statements would most likely be accurate given that information

the genetic code evolved before the different domains diverged

gastrulation can be defined as follows

formation of basic cell layers in an embryo

in humans the DNA of each nucleus, if stretched out, would be 6 feet long , it fits in the nucleus because

it is coiled up around proteins

which of the following molecules must move across the nuclear membrane after being synthesized from a DNA sequence and is then translated by a ribosome

mRNA

bones

mesoderm

mRNA enters which organelle to be translated

ribosome

The protist group thought to be most closely related to animals are the

choanoflagellates

the portion of the molecule in the figure above that contains the anti-codon is

3

which component of the T2 virus actually ended up inside the cell

DNA

which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain

DNA polymerase

a plasmid is

a circular DNA molecule

different proteins can be made from the same gene by

alternative splicing of eons in mRNA

the blastopore is

an opening in the embryo that cells move through in gastrulation

examples of animals with segmented bodies are

annelids and athropods

you find a wormlike animal while scuba diving and want to determine whether it is a shell less mollusk, a polychaete annelid, or a flatworm. which of the following would allow you to definitively classify the organism into one of those categories

bristle like structures on tiny appendages

what happens during gastrulation

the three embryonic tissue germ layers form

the function of transcription factors is

to regulate which genes get transcribed in a cell

which of the following is true of translation

translation starts at a start condon

how was it determined that the defect in these cells was due to a lack of DNA repair

unlike normal cells, xp cells did not incorporate new DNA when exposed to UV

a first step in transcription is

unwinding of DNA from chromatin


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