BIO 1010 FINAL EXAM

What did Pasteur's experiments disprove? A. high heat kills microorganisms B. spontaneous generation of organisms C. raw milk had beneficial microbes D. milk needed pasteurization

B. spontaneous generation of organisms

Which of the following describes an essential adaptation for living organisms as they became multicellular and larger throughout evolutionary history? A. features that allowed blood to flow through interior vessels B. features that allowed for the storage of fecal matter C. features that increased surface area relative to volume D. features that increased volume relative to surface area

C. features that increased surface area relative to volume

Which of these is the term for the fusion of gametes? A. sex B. polination C. fertilization D. meiosis

C. fertilization

Which of these is the role of the nucleus? A. makes proteins B. undergoes cellular respiration C. holds hereditary information D. all of the above

C. holds hereditary information (DNA)

Which of the following convert the energy of sunlight to chemical compounds? A. heterotrophs B. chemoautotrophs C. photoautotrophs D. all of the above

C. photoautotrophs

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system? A. exchange of gases B. vocalization C. protection from pathogens D. movement of oxygenated blood through the body

C. protection from pathogens

Which of the following is not a function of the immune system? A. provides protection from outside barriers B. patrols the body for cells that are damaged or old C. recognizes and removes abnormal cells (such as cancer) D. produces hormones that kill cells

C. recognizes and removes abnormal cells (such as cancer)

Which part of the digestive system stores food briefly? A. intestines B. rectum C. stomach D. mouth E. all of these

C. stomach

Which of the following will close as the amount of water available to the plant declines? A. chloroplasts B. vessels C. stomata D. vascular tissue E. all of the above

C. stomata

Human activities that over exploit natural resources and lead to habitat loss can reduce which of these? A. competition B. disease C. biodiversity D. all of the above

C. biodiversity

The movement of oxygen, nutrients, and waste through the body is accomplished by which system? A. digestive B. pulmonary C. cardiovascular D. urinary

C. cardiovascular

Which of the following describes phagocytosis? A. cells start a specific immune response B. B and T cells are produced C. cells recognize and ingest invaders D. microbes invade a cell E. all of the above

C. cells recognize and ingest invaders

A yeast cell is single-celled and has a nucleus. In which domain does it belong? A. archaea B. bacteria C. eukarya D. all of the above

C. eukarya

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the center of the nucleus? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase

B. Metaphase

Skin and eye color are controlled by more than one gene. These are examples of what kind of genetic inheritance? A. Monogenic B. Polygenic C. Heterogenic D. Gametic E. All of these

B. Polygenic

An herbivore that eats grass is an example of which of these? A. Primary producer B. Primary consumer C. Secondary consumer D. Decomposer E. All of these

B. Primary consumer

Which of these best describes a virus? A. Bacteria B. RNA or DNA surrounded by protein coat C. prokaryotic pathogen with no nucleus D. single celled organism that hurts people E. all of these

B. RNA or DNA surrounded by protein coat

An allele that is present but is NOT expressed in the phenotype is... A. Dominant B. Recessive C. Neutral D. All of these

B. Recessive

Which of the following is NOT a component of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)? A. Nitrogenous bases B. Sugar C. Phosphate D. Protein

B. Sugar

When two gametes join through fertilization, this forms a... A. Sex cell B. Zygote C. Haploid D. All of these

B. Zygote

Which part of the digestive system has muscles that contract and relax, bringing digested food into conduct with cells that will distribute nutrients? A. intestines B. stomach C. rectum D. mouth

A. intestines

Which of these is the best term for a specialized cell that remains in lymphoid tissues after an initial infection and is prepared to respond if an antigen appears again? A. lymphocyte B. memory cell C. phagocyte D. macrophage

A. lymphocyte

Digestion using enzymatic and mechanical breakdown of food begins in which part of the digestive tract? A. mouth B. esophagus C. stomach D. intestines

A. mouth

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of living organisms? A. movement B. genetic material C. evolution D. reproduction E. interaction with environment

A. movement

Disease causing microbes are called A. pathogens B. memory cells C. macrophages D. all of these

A. pathogens

The naming of organisms based on their shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships is called... A. taxonomy B. systematics C. Natural selection D. ecology

A. taxonomy

Cells specializing in a particular function in a multicellular organism make up which of these? A. tissues B. sponges C. endosymbionts D. orders

A. tissues

William Beaumont studied digestion with which experimental organism? A. a pig that was dissected while on life support B. a man with a hole in his stomach C. lab mice that were eventually sacrificed D. all of the above E. none of the above

B. a man with a hole in his stomach

Which of the following does NOT involve antigens and antibodies? A. specific immune response B. ciliated mucus C. vaccinations D. auto-immune disease

B. ciliated mucus

All cells do which of these? A. photosynthesize B. grow and reproduce C. participate in immune response D. all of these

B. grow and reproduce

The ability of the body to protect itself against disease causing invaders is called A. vaccination B. immunity C. auto-immunity D. epidemics

B. immunity

What type of reproduction is mitosis? A. Asexual B. Sexual C. Meiotic D. None of the above

A. Asexual

Which of the following explains that genes are located in specific sites (loci) on chromosomes? A. Chromosome theory of inheritance B. Law of Segregation C. Law of independent assortment D. Theory of Evolution by natural selection

A. Chromosome theory of inheritance

The idea that two species cannot use the same resources indefinitely is described in the... A. Competitive Exclusion Principle B. Symbiotic Relationships Principle C. Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection D. All of these

A. Competitive Exclusion Principle

Spherical-seeded pea plants crossed with wrinkled-seeded pea plants resulted in offspring that all had spherical seeds. This indicates that the spherical-seed trait is... A. Dominant B. Recessive C. Neutral D. All of these

A. Dominant

Which of the following will help preserve biodiversity? A. removing forests B. improving or restoring habitat C. introduction non-native species D. human population growth

B. improving or restoring habitat

Which of the following statements is true? A. intelligence is a relatively unchangeable or fixed entity (entity theory) B. intelligence is a malleable quality that can be developed (incremental theory)

B. intelligence is a malleable quality that can be developed (incremental theory)

What is the term for an individual who has two of the same factors (alleles) for a particular trait? A. Homozygous B. Heterozygous C. Monogenic D. Polygenic

A. Homozygous

The use of genus and species in taxonomy was first established by... A. Linnaeus B. Darwin C. Thompson D. all of the above

A. Linnaeus

The position of an allele on a chromosome is called the... A. Locus B. Link C. Version D. Arm

A. Locus

What is the term for the amount of energy stored in tissue of green plants after energy for maintenance is subtracted? A. Net primary production B. Gross primary production C. Net secondary production D. Standing crop

A. Net primary production

What level of protein structure is a sequence (chain) of amino acids? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary

A. Primary

According to the competitive exclusion principle, potential competitors can only coexist through... A. Resource partitioning B. Contest competition C. Interference competition D. Scramble competition E. All of the above

A. Resource partitioning

Which term describes the process of copying a code in DNA into mRNA? A. Transcription B. Translation C. Protein synthesis D. Replication

A. Transcription

Plants have evolved ways to defend themselves against herbivores? A. True B. False

A. True

The four lines of land plants include all of the following EXCEPT: A. algae B. mosses C. gymnosperms D. angiosperms

A. algae

Which of the following is a specific defense of the human immune system? A. antibody synthesis B. Cells that invest invading microbes C. antimicrobial proteins that kill pathogens D. the inflammatory response

A. antibody synthesis

Which of these makes their own food? A. autotroph B. heterotroph C. both of these D. neither of these

A. autotroph

Which of these cell types can have chloroplasts, mitochondria, and a nucleus? A. autotrophic B. heterotrophic C. both of these D. neither of these

A. autotrophic

Which of the following is a seedless vascular plant? A. fern B. cycad C. sunflower D. pine tree E. all of the above

A. fern

Which of the following organs processes fluids through filtration, reabsorption and secretion? A. liver B. kidneys C. gallbladder D. ureter

B. kidneys

Which of these describes the primary role of the chloroplast? A. harvest energy through cellular respiration B. produce food through photosynthesis C. DNA replication D. all of these

B. produce food through photosynthesis

Sickle cell disease affects... A. mutation rates B. red blood cells C. mosquitos D. mucus production

B. red blood cells

The rules formulated by Chargaff state that in any DNA molecule: A. A=C and G=U B. A=T and C=G C. A=G and C=T D. A=U=G=C

B. A=T and C=G

Which of the following terms describes light, temperature, wind and water in an ecosystem? A. Communities B. Abiotic factors C. Biotic factors D. Trophic levels E. All of these

B. Abiotic factors

The individual (smallest) component of proteins are: A. Glucose monomers B. Amino acids C. Polypeptides D. Nucleic acids E. All of these

B. Amino acids

The part of cell division that specifically refers to the division of the cytoplasm is called... A. Mitosis B. Cytokinesis C. Cleavage D. All of these

B. Cytokinesis

Which of the following is a very unstable atom that can react with other molecules? A. Carbon B. Free radical C. Antioxidant D. All of these

B. Free radical

Carbon is stored in each of these reservoirs, EXCEPT: A. Coal deposits B. Gas emissions C. Carbonate rocks D. Oceans

B. Gas emissions

Which term describes the collection of all the nucleotide bases in DNA of an individual or species? A. Transcription B. Genome C. Isotopes D. RNA E. All of these

B. Genome

When two atoms have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons, these are called... A. Molecules B. Isotopes C. Compounds D. Water E. All of these

B. Isotopes

Which type of cell division results in daughter cells that have the number of chromosomes as the original cell? A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither

B. Meiosis

Which terms describes how elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter (water) are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another? A. Biosphere B. Limiting nutrients C. Biogeochemical cycle D. Community E. All of these

C. Biogeochemical cycle

The number of individuals that an environment can support before the population stops growing is called... A. Exponential growth B. Population size C. Carry capacity D. Evolution

C. Carrying capacity

Which structures are visible during cell division? A. Proteins B. Chromatin C. Chromosomes D. Spindle fibers

C. Chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes that are closely matched in size and shape are... A. Heterozygous B. Homozygous C. Homologous D. All of these

C. Homologous

What is the advantage that individuals heterozygous for the sickle cell allele have? A. They make more blood cells overall B. Their gametes will not contain the allele for sickle cell C. In countries with malaria, they are less likely to die of that disease D. They have a greater immune system than people with normal cells

C. In countries with malaria, they are less likely to die of that disease

The Human Microbiome is an example of which of the following? A. Parasitism B. Commensalism C. Mutualism D. Herbivory E. All of the above

C. Mutualism

Which of these describes how Hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules? A. Hydrogen molecules are attracted to each other B. Negative ends of hydrogen are attracted to positive poles of oxygen C. Negative ends of oxygen are attracted to positive poles of hydrogen D. Oxygen molecules are attracted to each other

C. Negative ends of oxygen are attracted to positive poles of hydrogen

Which of the following components differs between the different nucleotides of DNA? A. Sugar B. Phosphate C. Nitrogenous base D. All of these

C. Nitrogenous base

Which of these is a monomer (smallest part) of DNA and RNA? A. Glucose B. Amino acids C. Nucleotides D. Fatty acids E. All of these

C. Nucleotides

Which of these is a description for a phenotype? A. Genetic composition B. Recessive alleles C. Physical attributes D. Development

C. Physical attributes

How did researchers determine that DNA, not proteins, carried genetic material? A. High contrast microscope B. Centrifugation C. Radioactive isotopes D. Experiments on dogs

C. Radioactive isotopes

The four major biomolecules needed by cells include all EXCEPT: A. Lipids B. Carbohydrates C. Water D. Proteins E. Nucleic acids

C. Water

When a person starts producing antibodies to her own cells, she has what is known as A. liver damage B. a viral infection C. an auto-immune disease D. all of these

C. an auto-immune disease

The three types of RNA involved in protein expression (DNA to RNA to protein) include all EXCEPT: A. Messenger RNA (mRNA) B. Transfer RNA (tRNA) C. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) D. Conservative RNA (cRNA)

D. Conservative RNA (cRNA)

Which of the following are organisms that break down and obtain energy from dead organic matter? A. Producers B. Autotrophs C. Herbivores D. Detritivores

D. Detritivores

A series of changes in a community over time that occurs as organisms modify the environment is called... A. Climax community B. Pioneer species C. Ecosystem D. Ecological succession E. All of these

D. Ecological succession

Which of the following is NOT an example of a symbiotic association? A. Mutualism B. Commensalism C. Parasitism D. Facultatism

D. Facultatism

Which of the following is NOT a type of interaction studied in Ecology? A. Predator-prey relationships B. Competition for resources C. Interactions with physical environment D. Human advocacy to save parks

D. Human advocacy to save parks

Which of the following is an example of a homozygous genotype? A. ZY B. KX C. XP D. KK

D. KK

Which of the following lipids are essential to consume in our diets? A. Saturated fats B. Cholesterol C. Lysine and methionine D. Omega-6 and Omega-3 acids

D. Omega-6 and Omega-3 acids

Which of the following describes an allele? A. All of the genes you contain B. The physical traits that make up an individuals's appearance C. A pea plant that has been hybridized D. One of several possible forms of a gene

D. One of several possible forms of a gene

Which of the following phrases best defines an ecosystem? A. The diversity of habitats and niches that animals occupy B. Populations of plants and animals interacting in an area C. The abiotic components of an environment, such as weather D. Plants, animals and micro-organisms interacting with each other and the non-living environment

D. Plants, animals and micro-organisms interacting with each other and the non-living environment

What kind of protein structure is found in Hemoglobin, which has more than one chain of amino acids? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary

D. Quaternary

Which of the following is the best definition of Ecology? A. Environmental science as it relates to animals B. Interactions between plants and their pollinators C. Descriptions of the natural history of animals D. Study of organisms interacting in their environments

D. Study of organisms interacting in their environments

What is the term for feeding relationships in an ecosystem? A. Niches B. Habitats C. Detritivores D. Trophic levels

D. Trophic levels

Having an embryo enclosed in a protective structure (seed) offers what advantage? A. seed helps prevent desiccation (drying out) B. seed stores nutritive tissue to get the new plant started C. seed coat is tough protective D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following are molecules that are being compared to understand relationships among species? A. comparing order of amino acids in proteins B. sequencing DNA C. sequencing RNA D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following is correct? A. hypotheses are guesses about how things work while theories are ideas scientists develop to explain the results of their tests B. a theory has a long history of study and is well accepted by scientists, leading to new testable hypotheses C. a theory is a hypothesis that has been tested D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following is part of the cell theory? A. cells are the fundamental units of life B. all organisms are composed of cells C. all cells come from pre-existing cells D. all of these

D. all of these

Which of the following is NOT one of the physical barriers that protect animals from infection? A. epithelial tissue (skin) B. tears C. mucus D. antibodies

D. antibodies

The four digestive processes include all EXCEPT: A. digestion B. secretion C. absorption D. gas E. motility

D. gas

Cone bearing plants with naked seeds are in a group of plants called A. ferns B. mosses C. angiosperms D. gymnosperms E. all of the above

D. gymnosperms

Which of the following terms describes the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions by living organisms? A. biology B. reproduction C. respiration D. homeostasis E. all of the above

D. homeostasis

Scientists who classify organisms according to relationships place them in hierarchical groups called A. phyla B. systems C. cells D. taxa

D. taxa

Four digestive processes

Digestion, motility, secretion, absorption

The three reservoirs of infection are...

Humans, animals, environment

Ribosomes...

Make protein from genetic messages

Bacteriophage is a...

virus that attacks bacteria