BIO 102-35 Chapter 19

The sugar in pure maple syrup is stored in a maple tree:

as starch in root cells.

Sugars are transported through which structure in a plant?

None of the above is correct.

What structures on a leaf will help reduce water loss?

hairs and stomata

Stomata are

holes created by open guard cells in a leaf.

The "pressure-flow mechanism" in trees explains how:

how sap moves through phloem

Which of the following is NOT a function of a plant's stem?

serve as the primary site of photosynthesis in the plant

Phloem is largely composed of cells known as

living sieve tube cells

Magnesium is an important nutrient for plants. This is because:

magnesium is a component of chlorophyll.

The _____________ is the region of the plant that undergoes rapid mitotic cell division and is the plant's main source of cells.

meristem

In eudicots, the phloem is found

within vascular bundles, on the outside part facing the epidermis.

In eudicots, the phloem is found:

within vascular bundles, on the outside part facing the epidermis.

A germinating corn kernel produces a seedling with one cotyledon, whereas a germinating tomato seed produces a seedling with two cotyledons. From this information, what is a corn plant and what is a tomato plant?

A corn plant is a monocot ; a tomato plant is a dicot.

The enzyme nitrogenase breaks nitrogen molecules apart, producing a plant-usable form of nitrogen. Which of the following nitrogen forms is produced in this process?

NH4+

Which of the following is true about monocots and dicots?

Monocots are flowering plants.

Which of the following properly contrasts the two varieties of dicot leaves; simple and compound?

Simple leaves are flat and not divided into sections. Compound leaves are divided into separate leaflets.

If the shoots of plants are covered with an impermeable cuticle layer, how do plants manage to exchange water and gas with the surrounding environment?

Specialized pores in the cuticle called stomata allow gas and water exchange.

Girdling—removing an unbroken ring of bark around the entire circumference of a tree—will kill the tree. Just above the point of girdling, the bark will become swollen. Why?

Sugars moving from the leaves of the tree to the roots in the phloem are blocked in their transport and collect in place.

Why are leaves generally very thin?

Sunlight cannot penetrate more than a few layers of cells.

Which of the following is NOT a proper description of the cuticle of a flowering plant?

The cuticle covers every portion of a flowering plant.

Which of the following statements about the differences between roots and shoots is correct?

The shoots are the site of photosynthesis while the roots cannot perform photosynthesis because sunlight can't reach them.

Which of the following is TRUE about plant leaves?

They must allow some water vapor to escape through stomata in order to transport water from the roots into the leaves.

Which of the following statements is most correct concerning the movement of materials through the stomata?

Water and O2 move out, CO2 moves in.

Just like the human body is composed of many different tissue types, a flowering plant is made of various tissues. Which of the following is NOT one of the tissues of a flowering plant?

air tissue

Phloem and xylem are both cells that transport fluids throughout a plant, but differ in many ways. While phloem cells are __________, xylem cells are __________. Furthermore, phloem moves nutrients in __________ directions while xylem moves water in ___________ directions.

alive; dead; both lateral and horizontal; only lateral

Which of the following is a function of a plant's roots?

anchor the plant in place

Which of the following essential plant nutrients is NOT generally taken up through the roots?

carbon

Evaporation from the leaves of a tree will pull water up through the roots as an unbroken column throughout the entire height of the tree. This feat is possible because of which characteristic of water?

cohesion

In trees, the epidermis on the stem and roots is replaced by a protective covering of dead:

cork cells.

The ground tissue that fills the area between the epidermal cells and the vascular tissue in flowering plants is called the __________.

cortex

What are the initial leaves produced by a seedling called?

cotyledons

If one was to make an analogy between a plant and a human body, the _________ would be to the plant what skin is to the human.

cuticle

Roots are important to the survival of a plant, such that many plants devote more than half of their energy to root production. Which of the following is NOT a vital function the root performs for a plant?

performing minor levels of photosynthesis

A plant takes up water through its ___________ and expels water through its ____________.

roots; leaves

Based upon the size of the particles, the three classifications of soil, from largest particle size to smallest particle size are:

sand, silt, and clay.

Each of the various tissues of a flowering plant serve their own individual functions. Which of the following does NOT properly match a flowering plant's tissue with its function within the plant?

shoots: anchors plant to ground, absorbs water and minerals from soil

Sugars produced in the leaves of a plant are transported elsewhere in the plant through:

sieve tubes that make up the phloem.

Which of the following important crop plants is associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

soybeans

The specialized pores that facilitate gas exchange in plants are known as:

stomata.

Xylem tissue conducts water while phloem tissue conducts:

sugary sap.

For a typical green plant to thrive, it needs:

sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and minerals.

Plants do not grow well in pure clay soils because:

the soil packs so tightly that the amount of oxygen that can reach the roots is limited

The __________ is made of dead cells with rigid cell walls that provide a plant with support, as well as conducting water through the plant.

xylem

Which of the following is most important in providing structural support in vascular plants?

xylem

There are two different analogies to describe how fluid is transported through a plant; that of the drinking straw (negative pressure) and that of the hose (positive pressure). Which of the following properly links the type of vascular tissue with its corresponding analogy?

xylem: straw; phloem: hose