Bio 102 Final Exam Chapter 16 (Reproductive System)
How long is an oocyte viable once ovulated?
12-24 hours
how long is sperm viable?
6 days
When does ovulation occur?
Day 14 of the ovarian cycle
When is the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?
Days 6-14
What happens to the corpus luteum if there is no implantation?
Degenerates and the cycle restarts
What is the life-threatening condition called if implantation occurs in the oviduct?
Ectopic pregnancy
what are the layers of the uterus and their function?
Endometrium: innermost layer: supports fertilized egg Myometrium: smooth muscle layer; during pregnancy it constricts
what is the the function of LH and FSH in women?
FSH helps egg grow LH helps release egg
What role does FSH, and LH have in the oocytes during days 1-14?
FSH: stimulates development of an immature follicle in ovary. LH: estrogen
What must occur for an oocyte to be fertilized?
Fallopian tube
what causes the corpus luteum to continue secreting estrogen and Progesterone?
Fertilization & pregnancy
What is the difference between identical and fraternal twins?
Fraternal: -ovulation of more than one oocyte, one of which is fertilized by different sperm -No more similar than any two siblings -Could be different genders Identical: -One oocyte fertilized -Split into two pre-embryos before 16-cell stage -Same gender, look alike
what is the the function of LH and FSH in males?
LH stimulates testosterone production, FSH testicular growth.
How are fraternal twins formed?
Ovulation of more than any one oocyte, fertilized by different sperm
what is the function of interstitial cells?
Produce testosterone
What is the role of the reproductive system?
Production of gametes Fertilization Development and nourishment of new individual Production of reproductive hormones
What does the corpus luteum synthesize?
Progesterone
What two hormones prevent ovulation during pregnancy?
Progesterone and estrogen
What is the function of Sertoli cells
Provide support, nourishment for sperm production
what is the function of the placenta?
Site of nutrient and gas exchange between mother and baby Filters nutrients and waste for the fetus
What are gametes and which organs make them?
Sperm cells in males Oocytes (eggs) in females
What is a mature follicle (also known as the Graafian follicle)?
Tertiary vesicular follicle
What occurs during days 14-28 in the ovary during the ovarian cycle?
The Corpus luteum secretes progesterone
What occurs during days 1-14 in the ovary during the ovarian cycles?
The Pituitary gland produces FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
Where does fertilization take place in mammals?
Upper third of the oviduct
What is meant by implantation?
When the embryo is implanted in uterine wall
When is the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
days 15-28
During pregnancy, high levels of what two hormones prevent ovulation?
estrogen and progesterone
Where is sperm made and where is sperm stored once made?
made in Testes (seminiferous tubules) stored in epididymis of the testes
how are identical twins formed?
one oocyte fertilized and split into two pre-embryos before stage 16-cell stage
What makes estrogen and progesterone in females?
ovaries
What organ takes over producing estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum during pregnancy?
placenta
What occurs during days 1-5 of the uterine cycle?
Menstrual phase