BIO 1100 Test 2 Study Guide

The momentary change in an electrical potential of a neuron membrane is called a(n) A) Depolarization B) Electrocardiogram C) Action potential D) Diastole

C) Action potential

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage is the A) Thoracic B) Appendicular C) Axial D) Basal

C) Axial

Genes are located on ________. A) The centromere B) Mitosis C) Chromosomes D) The cytoplasm

C) Chromosomes

Which of the following statements about digestion is true? A) Digestion occurs only in the stomach. B) Mechanical digestion occurs only in the stomach; chemical digestion occurs only in the mouth. C) Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and in the stomach. D) Digestion is the same thing as ingestion.

C) Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and in the stomach.

When does crossing over occur? A) Cytokinesis B) Meiosis II C) Meiosis I D) Mitosis

C) Meiosis I

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________. A) Fertilization B) Meiosis C) Mitosis D) Binary fission

C) Mitosis

If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make? A) Body cells B) Nerve cells C) Sex cells D) Heart cells

C) Sex cells

Which of the following cell types is produced by meiosis? A) Muscle B) Skin C) Sperm D) Pancreatic

C) Sperm

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries. A) They only carry deoxygenated blood. B) They only carry oxygenated blood. C) They only carry blood away from the heart. D) They only carry blood back to the heart.

C) They only carry blood away from the heart.

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments? A) To constrict blood vessels to prevent death from anaphylactic shock B) To keep the airways open so one can breathe C) To remove dangerous wastes and excess water from the bloodstream D) To replenish oxygen in the bloodstream

C) To remove dangerous wastes and excess water from the bloodstream

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder? A) Urethras B) Fallopian tubes C) Ureters D) Nephrons

C) Ureters

The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins is called the A) Capillary B) Aorta C) Ventricles D) Atria

D) Atria

All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT A) Random fertilization B) Independent assortment C) Crossing over D) Binary fission

D) Binary fission

The branched structures on a nerve cell that receive information are called A) Neurons B) Synapses C) Axons D) Dendrites

D) Dendrites

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Cytokinesis D) Interphase

D) Interphase

What produces genetically unique daughter cells? A) Both of these B) Mitosis C) Neither of these D) Meiosis

D) Meiosis

When mutated, proto-oncogenes become A) Kinetochores B) Alleles C) Cancer D) Oncogenes

D) Oncogenes

_____________ is the process of mainting the salt and water balance A) Interstitiation B) Secretion C) Vasodilation D) Osmoregulation

D) Osmoregulation

The ____________ gland produces growth hormones, prolactin, leutinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. A) Adrenal B) Thyroid C) Pancreas D) Pituitary

D) Pituitary

What is the part of the kidney where urine is formed? A) The ureter B) The blood vessels C) The liver D) The nephron

D) The nephron

What are hormones? A) They are carbohydrates on the surface of red blood cells that affect targeted cells throughout the body. B) They are chemicals that affect cells right next to where they are produced. C) They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect all cells similarly. D) They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect targeted cells throughout the body.

D) They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect targeted cells throughout the body.

Protein digestion is carried out by an enzyme called pepsin. True or false?

True

If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II? A) 12 B) 24 C) 18 D) 6

A) 12

How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a Down syndrome female? A) 47 B) 44 C) 46 D) 45

A) 47

Chromosomes are pulled apart during the ________ portion of cell division. A) Anaphase B) Metaphase C) Telophase D) Interphase

A) Anaphase

The knee is part of the ________ skeleton, which is designed primarily for ________. A) Appendicular, motion B) Axial, motion C) Axial, motion D) Appendicular, protection

A) Appendicular, motion

Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis? A) Breakdown of the nuclear envelope B) Replication of the genetic material C) Increase in cytoplasmic factors D) Cell growth and expansion

A) Breakdown of the nuclear envelope

Homologous chromosomes A) Consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome B) Are only in the cell during S phase C) Consist of six sister chromatids that are held together at the centrosome. D) Are only found in bacterial cells.

A) Consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome

What specifically separates during meiosis I? A) Homologous chromosomes B) Sister chromatids C) The cytoplasm D) The genome

A) Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the _______ portion of cell division. A) Metaphase B) Telophase C) Anaphase D) Interphase

A) Metaphase

What leads to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes? A) Nondisjunction B) Homologous recombination C) Crossing over D) Independent assortment

A) Nondisjunction

The ___________ is involved in seeing, recognizing and identifying the visual world A) Occipital lobe B) Basal ganglia C) Hippocampus D) Frontal lobe

A) Occipital lobe

What is the role of the epiglottis? A) Prevents food from entering the windpipe B) Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs C) Produces vocal sounds D) Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system

A) Prevents food from entering the windpipe

The process of cell division is different for prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells because A) Prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule which is not enclosed in a nucleus. B) Prokaryotic cells do not undergo cell division C) Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells. D) Prokaryotic DNA contains different bases from those in eukaryotic DNA

A) Prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule which is not enclosed in a nucleus.

What specifically separates during meiosis II? A) Sister chromatids B) The cytoplasm C) The genome D) Homologous chromosomes

A) Sister chromatids

What specifically separates during mitosis? A) Sister chromatids B) The genome C) Homologous chromosomes D) The cytoplasm

A) Sister chromatids

How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father? A) 2 B) 23 C) 46 D) 24

B) 23

If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes, how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell? A) 1.5 B) 3 C) 2.5 D) 2

B) 3

The G0 phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by A) The appearance of a metaphase plate. B) An absence of preparation for DNA synthesis. C) A doubling of chromosomes. D) The failure of cells to divide following telophase.

B) An absence of preparation for DNA synthesis.

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________. A) Needs to function B) Cannot make by itself C) Needs to grow D) Cannot store

B) Cannot make by itself

Sex cells (gametes) are ________. A) Diploid (n) B) Haploid (n) C) Diploid (2n) D) Haploid (2n)

B) Haploid (n)

Maintaining a steady-state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________. A) Biofeedback B) Homeostasis C) Bioregulation D) Heterostasis

B) Homeostasis

The possible combinations of alleles in gametes ________ due to independent assortment and crossing over. A) Decreases B) Increases C) Stays the same D) It depends on the type of cell

B) Increases

What produces four daughter cells? A) Both of these B) Meiosis C) Mitosis D) Neither of these

B) Meiosis

A zygote (i.e., a fertilized egg) undergoes development to grow. What mechanism is used to generate more cells? A) Meiosis B) Mitosis C) Binary fission D) Fertilization

B) Mitosis

During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced to haploid by separating A) Each sister chromatid into four different daughter cells. B) One of each homologous chromosome pair into two different daughter cells. C) Each sister chromatid into two different daughter cells. D) One of each homologous chromosome pair into four different daughter cells.

B) One of each homologous chromosome pair into two different daughter cells.

The _____________ nervous system is responsible for the immediate responses an animal makes when it encounters a dangerous situation. A) Parasympathetic B) Sympathetic C) Autonomic D) Central

B) Sympathetic

What is cytokinesis? A) The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell separates its duplicated DNA B) The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided C) The stage of the cell cycle that happens before the cell is ready to divide its DNA D) The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell duplicates its DNA

B) The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

What is the role of the villi? A) To move food along the digestive tract B) To increase surface area and help absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract C) To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract D) To secrete water into the digestive tract

B) To increase surface area and help absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract